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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Total child patient care--aspects of paediatric dentistry and orthodontics.

Various factors have combined to create a situation in which paediatric dentistry is undergoing considerable change. These include the declining prevalence of caries, the refinement of preventive measures and the rapid development of new materials and techniques. The result is a shift in emphasis away from a purely conservative, restorative approach towards a concept of total child care. This requires the practitioner to consider total treatment planning in which there will be phases of preventive, restorative and orthodontic treatment appropriate to each child patient. Correct application of these skills, modified by the application of advancing technology, will ensure that children so treated will grow to value and appreciate good dental health.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Paediatric dentistry as a specialty in Sweden. Responsibilities, changes during the past decade and future perspectives.

The results from a questionnaire to all specialist clinics (n = 38) in Sweden concerning their activities during 1989 show that 1% of all Swedish children between 0 and 19 years of age were treated at specialist clinics in pedodontics. The decrease in caries prevalence during the last decade has not resulted in a decrease in the number of referrals. The major reason for referral was high caries activity in combination with behaviour management problems. Seventy per cent of the specialists' working-hours are spent in clinical treatment and about 11% in educational activities. In the future the need for specialist treatment will continue to change to other areas than those of today, such as medically compromised and socially handicapped children.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Caridex--conscious sedation association. A new approach in pedodontics].

Psycological approach and analgesia are very important in paediatric dentistry. Sometimes the first is not enough and it is necessary the use of pharmacological methods. They are represented with sure and useful technique like "relative analgesia" with N2O/O2. The use of Caridex method is also very good in operative paediatric dentistry because there is not the necessity of local anesthesia with injection and the use of burns and drills. The AA. have connected together these two methods, and they present some very interesting clinical reports. With Caridex it's possible to remove only decayed dentine saving so the healthy dentine and reducing fear and stress in very young children. The association with relative analgesia permits to do a very early and global therapy in children also very young (24-36 months). The AA. have obtained a reduction of hemotivity, of odontogenous stress, and last but not least with this method there is the opportunity to avoid the general anesthesia.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1992

The British Dental Journal: a report on its activities 1986-1991.

The contents of 139 issues of the British Dental Journal, published between January 11, 1986 and December 1991, have been analysed. Part I of the Journal contains, on average, one Leader, eleven items of news and notes, 12 letters and eight abstracts/book reviews. One thousand, three hundred and seventeen manuscripts were submitted for publication during the 6-year period. Of these, 403 original articles, 119 case reports and 203 review articles were accepted and published in Part II. Part III of the Journal is devoted to annual and other reports and policy documents, worldwide dentistry, practice management and vocational training, dental electives, trade news, meeting reports and obituaries. Over 40 'strap headings' denoting specialised areas of dentistry were used to describe articles published. Almost one-fifth of the papers were concerned with restorative dentistry. Case reports comprised 14% of the papers published. Oral surgery/oral medicine/oral pathology, and related subjects accounted for nearly 15% of papers published. Articles concerned with community dental health, orthodontics and paediatric dentistry accounted for a similar proportion of the total, as did the section comprising general dental practice, vocational training and practice management. Anaesthesia, analgesia, medical topics, microbiology and therapeutics took up 12% of articles published. The remaining 12% consisted of articles on dental education and research, oral biology, dental history, auxiliaries, dental instruments and diagnostic aids.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Liquid gallium alloys for metallic plastic fillings.

Ga-In-Sn alloys that are liquid at room temperature have been developed to replace mercury in metal plastic fillings. These liquid alloys were mixed with Ag-Pd-Sn-Cu-Zn to form powder alloys, 'a plasto-metallic body'. Various physical properties of these materials were evaluated. Strength increased markedly immediately after mixing, and polishing was possible on the same day. A good marginal seal could be expected as these materials expand on setting. The technique for filling is simpler and more rapid than is the case with amalgam materials. These materials also seem to be useful in paediatric dentistry for the handicapped, where extensive treatments are frequently performed under general anaesthesia.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1990

Survey of dental practice/dental education in Victoria. Part IV. Specialist dental practice.

A survey of dentists registered with the Dental Board and resident in the State of Victoria included two sections, one for specialist/restricted practitioners and the other for practitioners, who had gained a postgraduate degree from the University of Melbourne between December 1982 and 1987. The responses of the former suggested that demand for most specialist services appears to be reasonably healthy at the moment and the majority of the latter indicated that they had been adequately trained for specialist practice. It was suggested that there are several market forces which could influence the number of applicants seeking specialist training in future. Strongest demand was likely to be sustained for oral surgery and orthodontics. This is despite evidence of a decline in demand for specialist orthodontic services in private practice. Attention was drawn to the 1986 Ministerial Review of Dental Services in Victoria, in which concern was expressed for the lack of access to orthodontic services for low income families. It was proposed that more cost-effective methods of deploying orthodontic personnel could be used, as in other countries, to provide this access. Demand for specialist services in endodontics, paediatric dentistry, periodontics and prosthodontics could decline in future as general practitioners steadily broaden their range of services through continuing education courses.

Dentists↗
PubMed1991

A national survey of dentists' management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems.

Seven-hundred and sixty dentists, selected randomly from all States and Territories except Victoria, responded to a questionnaire survey on beliefs, attitudes and the techniques used in the management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems. The most common techniques used were permitting the child some degree of control over terminating treatment if difficulties were experienced, coaxing and reinforcing positive behaviours, and furnishing waiting areas with child-oriented play materials. Most respondents never used TV or video-tape distraction strategies, film or video-modelling tape or hypnosis. More than half of the respondents believed there was insufficient information available to them on current anxiety/behaviour management techniques. The use of particular management techniques varied by gender, age, university of graduation, State or Territory of residence, and membership of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Paediatric Dentistry. Patterns of use of particular techniques showed similarities and contrasts with other studies. Patterns of use in the national sample were almost identical to the frequency and pattern of use by Victorian dentists. In contrast, however, North American studies have reported a higher frequency of use of hand-over-mouth, and lower use of general anaesthesia within the armamentarium of techniques and strategies used by dentists to manage anxious or difficult children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Osseointegrated implants in the oral habilitation of a boy with ectodermal dysplasia: a case report.

The most characteristic oral feature in ectodermal dysplasia is hypodontia. Children and adolescents suffering from ectodermal dysplasia often need extensive and complicated prosthetic treatment. The development of techniques for osseointegrated implants offers new possibilities for the oral habilitation of these children. This paper describes the oral habilitation of a boy with severe ectodermal dysplasia and where Brånemark osseointegrated implants have been used as part of the treatment. The patient was seen at the dental department at the age of 1.5 years. Two conically-shaped upper incisors were at that time the only teeth that had erupted. The treatment was planned in a multidisciplinary odontological group involving paediatric dentistry, orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral surgery and maxillofacial radiology. At the age of 3 years it was verified that the boy had four primary teeth (53, 51, 61, 63) and four permanent teeth (16, 11, 21, 26). There were no teeth in the lower jaw. The alveolar ridges in the edentulous areas were low or missing. During the period 3-6 years of age the boy used an upper partial denture adapted to allow the mesial drift of the 16 and 26 teeth. At the age of 6 years, two Brånemark implants were inserted in the lower front-cuspid region. A specially designed overdenture for the lower jaw was constructed. The overdenture was retained in contact with the male attachments by two cuffs of heat-polymerized resilient silicone. Over the next 4 years the dentures were modified due to the eruption of permanent teeth and growth. However, only minor corrections were necessary concerning the retention system of the lower denture. The implants are well osseointegrated and stable and allow the boy to use a lower denture without any complications.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1990

[New methods and new technics in pedodontics: "conscious sedation"!].

The reasons why is it sometimes necessary to resort in paediatric dentistry to the use of conscious sedation with N2O/O2 are explained together with clinical indications and applications. The excellent results obtained with this technique lead to greater cooperation of the child, to a positive emotional contact with dental treatment and the possibility of performing the necessary therapies with greater precision.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1990

The organisation of dental care for groups of mentally handicapped persons.

One hundred and eighty-nine mentally handicapped persons attending both residential and non-residential institutions were examined during 1984/85. All were assessed for treatment need for caries; periodontal need was also assessed in 43 of the older patients. At base-line examination it was found that a high proportion of the dental caries remained untreated and most of the treatment that was provided consisted of extractions. Treatment was subsequently provided by a health board dental officer, junior hospital staff, final year undergraduate students or a consultant in paediatric dentistry. Most treatment requirements were met by the non-consultant personnel. A follow-up examination completed during 1987 showed a considerable improvement in the treatment of caries; periodontal treatment need remained unchanged. It can concluded from this study that it is feasible to set up an effective dental service for mentally handicapped groups, that improvements in the treatment of dental caries can be achieved in a relatively short period of time and that most treatment requirements can be met by non-consultant staff. Continuing care, particularly for periodontal disease, remains a problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Effectiveness of different anaesthetic techniques, agents and adjunctive interventions in handling pain during dental treatment of MIH-affected teeth: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is frequently associated with hypersensitivity, dental anxiety and reduced efficacy of local anaesthesia, complicating pain control during dental treatment in children. AIM: To evaluate, based exclusively on randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the effectiveness of different local anaesthetic techniques, agents and adjunctive interventions in reducing pain during dental treatment of MIH-affected teeth in children. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251150485). MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies were RCTs involving children and adolescents (6 - 18 years-of-age) with MIH, assessing pain outcomes during dental procedures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included. Low-certainty evidence suggested that intraosseous anaesthesia and 4% articaine may reduce intra-operative pain compared with conventional techniques or 2% lidocaine. Adjunctive cryotherapy and pre-emptive ibuprofen showed potential benefits, but evidence was of very low certainty and limited to single trials. Findings for photobiomodulation were inconsistent across studies. Most trials were judged to be at high risk of bias, primarily due to lack of blinding and reliance on subjective pain outcomes. CONCLUSION: Current evidence supporting specific pain management strategies for MIH-affected teeth is limited and of low certainty. Whilst 4% articaine and intraosseous anaesthesia appear promising, well-designed, adequately powered RCTs with standardised pain outcomes are required to inform robust clinical recommendations.

Local anaesthesia↗
PubMed2026

Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life following pulp therapy or extraction in paediatric patients: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Treatment decision between pulp therapy and extraction for compromised teeth in paediatric patients remains a topic of debate. While both approaches address the associated pain, their long-term impact on children's well-being remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to analyse and compare the impact of pulp therapy and extraction on OHRQoL in paediatric patients. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in multiple electronic databases. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the RoB 2 tool for randomised controlled trials, ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RESULTS: Seven studies comprising a total of 1367 participants met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that pulp therapy was associated with superior OHRQoL outcomes compared to extraction. Children who underwent pulp therapy reported lower anxiety, better emotional well-being, and higher parental satisfaction. Given the heterogeneity among the studies, a narrative synthesis was performed. CONCLUSION: Pulp therapy may offer better OHRQoL outcomes than extractions in paediatric patients by preserving function, reducing anxiety, and minimising long-term complications. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously since the available evidence was limited and of low to very low certainty. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required.

Children↗
PubMed1992

[Dose requirements for projection techniques in x-ray diagnosis].

The dose required in x-ray diagnosis depends upon the demands made on a diagnostically optimal x-ray film or in fluoroscopy, and upon the technical quality of the equipment. The actual dose requirement, derived from field studies, is juxtaposed on the basis of representative examples with the maximum permissible dose requirement in accordance with the prescribed minimum sensitivity values of the x-ray film. The ideal dose requirement has been stated by Cohen et al. (1981) by a formula basing on parallel beam, maximum quantum yield and Bucky grid effect depending on the signal to noise ratio and object contrast. This was checked by means of contrast detail diagrams measured at the hole phantom, and was additionally compared with measurement results obtained by Wust et al. (1989) with acrylic glass phantoms. The optimal dose requirement is obtained by the maximum technically possible approach to the ideal requirement level. Examples are given, besides for x-ray equipment with Gd2 O2 S screen film systems for grid screen mammography, and new thoracic examination systems for mass screenings. Finally, a few values concerning the dose requirement or the analogous time required for fluorescent screening in angiography and interventional radiology, are stated, as well as for dentistry and paediatric x-ray diagnostics.

Angiography↗