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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding vitellogenin in the coonstriped shrimp, Pandalus hypsinotus and site of vitellogenin mRNA expression.

In order to determine the primary structure of vitellogenin in a protandric species, the coonstriped shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus, we previously purified four vitellin components (designated as VnA, VnB, VnC, and VnD, respectively), and chemically analyzed their partial amino acid sequences. In this study, we subsequently cloned a cDNA encoding vitellogenin in this species based on the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of VnA, as well as the N-terminal sequence of VnC. The open reading frame of this cDNA encoded a pro-vitellogenin in which vitellins were arranged as follows: NH2-VnA-VnB-VnC/D-COOH. The deduced amino acid sequence possessed a single consensus cleavage sequence, R-X-K/R-R, along the lines of vitellogenins reported in other crustaceans and insects, and the N-terminal sequence of VnB was immediately preceded by this sequence. The comparison of primary structures revealed the existence of a basic and characteristic structure for the vitellogenin molecule in decapod crustacean species, and phylogenetic analysis reflected the current taxonomic classifications of Crustacea. An approximately 8 kb-long transcript of the vitellogenin gene was detected in the hepatopancreas of female shrimps having a gonadosomatic index higher than 1.0 by Northern blot analysis, but was not observed in the hepatopancreas and gonads of male shrimps and the hepatopancreas of female shrimps having a gonadosomatic index lower than 1.0. These results indicate that the hepatopancreas is responsible for vitellogenin synthesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

The organization of the lamina ganglionaris of the prawn, Pandalus borealis (Kröyer).

The Lamina ganglionaris (first optic neuropile) of the decapod crustacean Pandalus borealis has its optic cartridges (synaptic compartments) arranged in horizontal rows. Each optic cartridge contains seven receptor axon terminals and the branching axis fibres of five monopolar second order neurons. Four types of monopolar neurons are classified. Their cell bodies are arranged in two layers. The inner layer contains the cell bodies of exclusively one of these types, and each cartridge is invaded by two neurons of this neuron type (type M 1:a and M 1:b). The outer layer contains the cell bodies of the remaining three types (M 2, M3 and M4). One gives rise to a large radially branched axis fibre in the centre of the cartridge. The other two have wide branches which may make inter-cartridge contacts, one proximally and the other distally in the plexiform layer, which is clearly bistratified. The receptor axons terminate in two levels corresponding to these strata. Two sets of tangenital fibres form networks in the proximal and the mid-portion of the lamina. Both networks have fibres with primary branches in the vertical plane and secondary branches in the horizontal plane. The fibres of the networks are derived from axons that pass from the second optic neuropile, the medulla externa.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The disposition of cadmium and zinc in Pandalus montagui.

Cadmium uptake rates in various tissues of Pandalus montagui exposed to sea water containing 37 micrograms Cd/L for 14 days ranged from 0.002-0.06 microgram/dry tissue/hr. During depuration for 57 days, the levels in most tissues decreased slightly, but continued to rise in the hepatopancreas indicating Cd redistribution. Exposure to 65 micrograms Zn/L produced no substantial change in Zn content of the tissues. An increase occurred in eggs and hepatopancreas during the first six days of depuration. During exposure to Cd and Zn combined (40 micrograms Cd/L + 70 micrograms Zn/L), tissue Zn levels responded as with Zn alone. In the presence of Zn, Cd concentration was doubled in the hepatopancreas, depressed by one-third in the carcass, and did not change in the other tissues. Increased amounts of Zn (up to 410 micrograms Zn/L) had not effect on the Cd levels of the tissues except that the Cd level in the hepatopancreas was depressed, although the level was still greater than in the case of exposure to Cd alone. The possible role of metallothionein is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sterols of the lobster (Homarus americanus) and the shrimp (Pandalus borealis).

In this study we have analyzed the sterol compositions of two continental shelf species of crustacea, the lobster (Homarus americanus) and the shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Cholesterol was found to be the most abundant sterol in these two species with smaller amounts of desmosterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, 24-methylenecholesterol and 22-dehydrocholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular and enzymatic properties of a cathepsin L-like proteinase with distinct substrate specificity from northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis).

We purified a cathepsin L-like proteinase to homogeneity from the hepatopancreas of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis by several chromatographic procedures. The purified proteinase showed the highest specificity for leucine residue at P2, a specificity pattern similar to cathepsins S and K whereas proline and arginine residues were not suitable as P2 substrates. However, unlike these proteinases, it accepted valine almost equally to the phenylalanine residue at P2. The shrimp cathepsin was strongly inhibited by E-64, leupeptin and antipain, while benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Tyr(t-Bu)-CHN2, a specific inhibitor of cathepsin L, remained largely ineffective. Next, we determined the primary structure of the shrimp enzyme by molecular cloning and investigated the residues constituting the S2 subsite, which is possibly involved in its unusual substrate specificity. The deduced amino acid sequence of the shrimp proteinase shared the highest identity of 65% with a cathepsin L-like proteinase from lobster, but its identity to the well-characterized mammalian cathepsins S, L, and K fell within narrower ranges of 52-55%. However, the shrimp proteinase differed from these cathepsins in some key residues including, for example, the unique occurrence of cysteine and glutamine residues at the structurally important S2 subsite. Interestingly, transcripts of this proteinase were exclusively detected in the shrimp gut coinciding with its broad pH activity and stability profiles, which is also unusual as a cysteine proteinase. These results suggest that the shrimp enzyme is homologous to mammalian cathepsins S, L, and K, but is distinct from each of these proteinases in both enzymatic and structural properties.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Structure of a light-adapting hormone from the shrimp, Pandalus borealis.

The structure of a light-adapting hormone of the shrimp, Pandalus borealis, has been determined. The hormone, which had been isolated from Pandalus eyestalks and which adapts the shrimp to brighter light conditions by causing the pigment in the distal retinal pigment cells of the eye to move into a more proximal position, is the peptide: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala-NH2. The structure was obtained by sequence analysis by the dansyl-Edman method of the intact hormone and of isolated tryptic and thermolytic peptides.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1991

Profiles of progesterone- and estradiol-like substances in the hemolymph of female Pandalus kessleri during an annual reproductive cycle.

The changes in GSI and HSI of Pandalus kessleri were monitored during an annual reproductive cycle. GSI reached a peak when ovaries were composed of yolky oocytes and decreased sharply during the spawning season. HSI followed a similar pattern. The changes in the concentrations of progesterone- and estradiol-17 beta-like substances in the hemolymph were also investigated. Progesterone levels increased at the onset of vitellogenesis and decreased during vitellogenesis. In contrast, estradiol concentrations rose during the peak of vitellogenesis and dropped after the release of mature eggs from the gonad.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cuticular proteins from the shrimp, Pandalus borealis.

1. The percentages of mineral salts, chitin, and urea-extractable and non-extractable proteins were determined in pieces of cuticle from selected body regions of the shrimp, Pandalus borealis. 2. Two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis of the urea-extractable proteins shows that a large number of different proteins are present. Identical protein patterns are obtained from the various cuticular regions. 3. A fractionation scheme is presented, which is suitable for obtaining the major proteins in quantities sufficient for further characterization. The amino acid compositions are reported for several of the proteins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amino acid sequence determination of a protein purified from the shell of the shrimp, Pandalus borealis.

One of the urea-extractable proteins in the shell of the shrimp Pandalus borealis has been purified, and the complete amino acid sequence has been determined by the combined use of mass spectrometry and Edman degradation of the intact protein as well as of enzymatically derived peptides. Characteristic features of the sequence are discussed and compared to sequences from insect cuticular proteins and other structural proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Genetic diversity and metal tolerance of two marine species: a comparison between populations from contaminated and reference sites.

Long-term contamination of the marine environment surrounding a lead smelter offered a unique opportunity to examine how pollutants might have acted to alter genetic characteristics of populations of organisms in the receiving system. This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to compare the genetic diversity of populations of the prawn, Leander intermedius, and the isopod, Platynympha longicaudata from the smelter discharge site with reference populations. The genetic diversity of the prawn population from the smelter discharge site (Port Pirie) was lower than that found in one reference population, and not significantly different from the other two reference populations. Genetic diversity of the Port Pirie population of isopods was found to be significantly lower than that of all reference populations. Prawns and isopods were also exposed to metal mixtures in the laboratory in a similar ratio to that found in seston near the smelter effluent discharge site. Both pre-exposed and reference populations of prawns tolerated elevated levels of metals and exhibited no significant difference in response. This contrasted with the isopods, with the pre-exposed isopod population showing greater tolerance to elevated metal levels compared with the reference population. These results highlight the need to include a number of reference populations for comparative purposes in genetic diversity studies, and the need to assess the influence of pollution on the genetic diversity of more than one species if genetic diversity analyses are to be used to gauge remediation success.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Microbiological quality of Icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (Pandalus borealis).

Iceland is a major producer of cold water shrimp, Pandalus borealis. In recent years considerable attention has been given to improve hygiene in the factories producing cooked, peeled and frozen shrimp. To keep track of the bacteriological status of the end product, shrimp from most of the factories is routinely analysed bacteriologically by the request of shrimp exporters. This paper reports on the results of a bacteriological analysis of 7913 samples of shrimp from 26 Icelandic factories over a 6-year period. The results showed that the geometric mean of APC (at 35 degrees C) was 1718 per g and 57% of the samples had APC under 1000 per g. Some 70% of the samples had less than one coliform per g and 99.9% of the samples had less than one faecal coliform per g. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in less than 0.2% of the samples. The results show improvement in bacterial profiles, mainly total coliforms, over the 6-year period. Overall, the results show acceptable bacterial numbers in the finished product, indicating a high level of hygiene. Listeria spp. were, however, found in 270 of 3331 samples examined or 8.1%. Species identification was done on 49 of the 270 positive samples. The proportion of L. monocytogenes was found to be 26.5%.

Animals↗