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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Phenotypical properties of Enterobacter agglomerans (Pantoea agglomerans) from human, animal and plant sources.

Clinical, animal and plant isolates, representing different geographical areas, were identified as Enterobacter agglomerans (Pantoea agglomerans) using a quantitative bacterial dot method for DNA-DNA hybridization. The phenotypical properties of the 65 strains were investigated by conventional test methods. No strain decarboxylated ornithine. Twenty-two strains, mainly plant isolates, showed delayed acid production from alpha-methyl-glycoside, a trait which may have ecological significance. With regard to these two properties, our results differed from the description of Pantoea agglomerans given by Gavini et al. (6); further investigations will clarify these differences. Three non-pigmented, maltose-negative and salicin-negative variants were derived from yellow pigmented, maltose-positive, salicin-positive strains.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Engineering the lycopene synthetic pathway in E. coli by comparison of the carotenoid genes of Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea ananatis.

The lycopene synthetic pathway was engineered in Escherichia coli using the carotenoid genes (crtE, crtB, and crtI) of Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea ananatis. E. coli harboring the P. agglomerans crt genes produced 27 mg/l of lycopene in 2YT medium without isopropyl-beta-D: -thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction, which was twofold higher than that produced by E. coli harboring the P. ananatis crt genes (12 mg/l lycopene) with 0.1 mM IPTG induction. The crt genes of P. agglomerans proved better for lycopene production in E. coli than those of P. ananatis. The crt genes of the two bacteria were also compared in E. coli harboring the mevalonate bottom pathway, which was capable of providing sufficient carotenoid building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), with exogenous mevalonate supplementation. Lycopene production significantly increased using the mevalonate bottom pathway and 60 mg/l of lycopene was obtained with the P. agglomerans crt genes, which was higher than that obtained with the P. ananatis crt genes (35 mg/l lycopene). When crtE among the P. ananatis crt genes was replaced with P. agglomerans crtE or Archaeoglobus fulgidus gps, both lycopene production and cell growth were similar to that obtained with P. agglomerans crt genes. The crtE gene was responsible for the observed difference in lycopene production and cell growth between E. coli harboring the crt genes of P. agglomerans and P. ananatis. As there was no significant difference in lycopene production between E. coli harboring P. agglomerans crtE and A. fulgidus gps, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthesis was not rate-limiting in E. coli.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2004

Role of glutamine synthetase in phenazine antibiotic production by Pantoea agglomerans Eh1087.

Pantoea agglomerans strain Eh1087 produces the phenazine antibiotic D-alanylgriseoluteic acid. A glutamine auxotroph harboring an insertion in a putative glnA gene was obtained by transposon-mutagenesis of Eh1087 that produced less D-alanylgriseoluteic acid than the parental strain (strain Eh7.1). Cosmids encoding the Eh1087 glnA were isolated by their ability to complement the mutant for prototrophy. The role of the Eh1087 glnA locus was functionally confirmed by complementation of an Escherichia coli glnA mutant. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the Eh1087 glnA gene indicated a high degree of similarity to the glnA genes and glutamine synthetase enzymes of other Enterobacteriaceae. Isotopic labelling experiments with 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate demonstrated that wild-type Eh1087 incorporated 15N into griseoluteic acid more readily than the glnA mutant Eh7.1. We conclude that the 2 nitrogens in the phenazine nucleus originate from glutamine and the intracellular glutamine synthesized by Eh1087 is a source of the phenazine nucleus nitrogens even in glutamine-rich environments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2004

Proposal to acknowledge Beijerinck as the original author of the species Pantoea agglomerans. Request for an opinion.

The name 'Bacillus agglomerans' was first published by Beijerinck in 1888. Ewing and Fife changed the name to Enterobacter agglomerans in 1972 as a new combination, acknowledging that Beijerinck had been the original author and making the new full name Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972. Beijerinck's name was omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in 1980, which listed only Ewing and Fife as the authors. The current listings in the List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature follow the Approved Lists and omit Beijerinck from the names for both Enterobacter agglomerans and Pantoea agglomerans. It is proposed that Beijerinck be acknowledged as the original author of this species by having his name reinstated in its full name, Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al. 1989, and a Request for an Opinion is put forward to the Judicial Commission.

Pantoea↗

PubMed1996

Mechanistic analysis of high antitumor effect of intradermal administration of lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans.

Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans (LPSp) has a remarkably high antitumor activity even against poorly immunogeneic tumors when given by intradermal injection combined with cyclophosphamide (CY). We have extended this study to gain an insight into the mechanism of this antitumor effect, and especially into the induction of cell mediated immunity. In immunohistological studies, extensive necrosis and marked infiltration of the inflammatory cells at the tumor were observed after intradermal injection of LPSp combined with CY, but not after CY alone or after no treatment. The cells around the tumors were mostly neutrophils and macro phages (Mac 1+); T cells (CD4+, CD8+) were also present. The serum levels of cytokines, induced after intradermal injection of LPSp, were determined and compared with intravenous administration of LPSp or recombinant TNF-SAM2. TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6 and GM-CSF were measured by ELISA as a marker of cytokine induction. The peak level of TNF-alpha induced by intradermal injection of LPSp was about 5000 pg ml-1, which was considered relatively small since this level was observed even in clinical trial. There seems to be a longer period of release of TNF-alpha after an intradermal injection than after an intravenous injection. This may produce the remarkably high antitumor effect of the intradermal injection. The antitumor effect of intradermal administration combined with CY was evaluated in nude mice to clarify the role of T cells in high antitumor activity. In this experiment, antitumor activity was found to be much less in BALB/c nu/nu mice without regression, while complete regression was frequently observed in syngeneic mice, showing the crucial role of T cells in this treatment. These observations suggest that intradermal administration of LPSp in combination with CY continuously releases and induces not only extensive necrosis of the tumor but also cell mediated antitumor immunity, which may be indispensable for complete regression of the tumor. Clinical application of this treatment for advanced cancer patients is in progress.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Structural characterization of lipid A obtained from Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide.

Lipopolysaccharide isolated from Pantoea agglomerans showed higher priming and triggering activities for macrophages in terms of tumor necrosis factor production than other lipopolysaccharides. To identify the difference in biological activities of lipopolysaccharide of Pantoea agglomerans from other lipopolysaccharides on the basis of structure, we determined the structure of the lipid A part, which is the biological center of lipopolysaccharides, by quantitative analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Lipopolysaccharide of Pantoea agglomerans is constructed with at least two kinds of lipid A of different levels of acylation. One is of the same type as that of Escherichia coli with hexa-acyl lipid A and the other is the Salmonella minnesota type with hepta-acyl lipid A.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of morphine dependence by a lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans.

A lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) was purified and examined for relief of morphine dependence by observing its inhibition of the jumping of mice on naloxone-precipitate withdrawal. Administration of LPSp either intravenously or intradermally showed marked inhibition of the jumping. Beta-endorphin in mouse serum and brain tissue were recognized to be in synchrony with the time course of the relief. Administration of TNF-alpha gave similar effect, suggesting that LPSp induces a cytokine cascade to produce endogenous TNF followed by ACTH/beta-LPH gene products and beta-endorphin. The effect of LPSp was better than that of LPS from E. coli or Bordetella pertussis, and thus is considered to be applicable for clinical use.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Post-harvest biological control by Pantoea agglomerans (CPA-2) on Golden Delicious apples.

AIMS: To investigate the potential of Pantoea agglomerans to control the major post-harvest diseases on Golden Delicious apples. METHODS AND RESULTS: In laboratory trials, a high level of control of Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer was obtained with P. agglomerans. In semi-commercial trials at 1degrees C in air and a low oxygen atmosphere, the reduction of blue mould was 81% and 100%, respectively, and control of grey mould was achieved equally with P. agglomerans and imazalil. In trials at 1degrees C and seven atmosphere conditions, maximum reduction in decay was 80% obtained at 3% O2-6% CO2. The population of P. agglomerans on apples followed the same pattern under all three atmosphere conditions studied. CONCLUSIONS: Pantoea agglomerans could be used effectively on apples under a wide range of temperature and atmosphere conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMAPCT OF THE STUDY Pantoea agglomerans can be used as a biocontrol agent on apples at 8 x 10(7) cfu ml-1, the same concentration as in pears. This will facilitate the application of this biological control agent by the growers in packing houses.

Food Preservation↗

PubMed2001

A novel cryoprotective protein (CRP) with high activity from the ice-nucleating bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans IFO12686.

The ice-nucleating bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans IFO12686, induces the cryoprotective protein (CRP) by cold acclimation at 12 degrees C. The CRP was purified to apparent homogeneity by various chromatographies. We found that the purified CRP was a monomer of approximately 29,000 according to gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE, and was a heat-stable protein. The CRP could protect freeze-labile enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (iCDH), against freezing-thawing denaturation. The activity of the CRP was about 3.5 x 10(4) times more effective than bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2 x 10(6) times than COR26 from the ice-nucleating bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens KUIN-1. We confirmed that the CRP was a novel protein, as judged by the a different molecule mass from the already-known cryoprotectants, and has an extremely high cryoprotective activity.

Ammonium Sulfate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Purification and characterization of uridine phosphorylase from the ice-nucleating bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans NBRC12686.

The ice-nucleating bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans NBRC12686 responds to a decrease in temperature with the induction of proteins, which are classified as cold-induced proteins. When the temperature of the strain NBRC12686 culture was lowered from 30 degree C to 12 degree C, the viability after freezing treatment significantly improved. By the use of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we analyzed the cold acclimation response in strain NBRC12686. After a shift from 30 degree C to 12 degree C, several proteins and saccharides were synthesized. After 48 h of cold acclimation, the induction level of proteins increased. In addition, ribose-1-phosphate was fractionated by HPLC using a TSK gel Sugar AXG column. Cell-free extracts were prepared from a cold acclimation culture (30 degree C to 12 degree C) and a non-cold acclimation culture (30 degree C), and then subjected to SDS-PAGE. A protein of approximately 29.7-kDa was present in the cold acclimation culture but was not present in the non-cold acclimation culture. The 29.7-kDa protein was purified by various chromatographies. We found that apparent molecular mass of the protein was approximately 119-kD constructed of 4 subunits of 29.7-kDa each. Based on the analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of proteins, the 29.7-kDa protein had 83 percent identity with that of uridine phosphorylase (UPase) obtained from Escherichia coli K-12. We confirmed that the 29.7-kDa protein was novel, judged by molecular mass different from the already-known UPase or cryoprotectants. The cryoprotective activity of UPase of 29.7-kDa protein for LDH was approximately 30 percent at 5.0 microgram per ml of the protein. Furthermore, UPase had a high level of cryoprotective activity even after treating at 70 degree C for 30 min, but had no activity after treating at 100 degree C. We could elucidate that UPase from strain NBRC12686 had a cryoprotective activity as well as an enzyme activity, and it seems that UPase works in two different mechanisms for freezing tolerance.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1994

Suppression of hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by a lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans.

The ability of a lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) to relieve hyperalgesia was examined by observing its inhibition of the decrease in the threshold for nociceptive perception, as determined by the tail-pinch test, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Subcutaneous injection of LPSp suppressed hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and also exerted a therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia in these animals. The present data suggest that LPSp may be effective in relieving the pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on growth of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans strain CPA-2.

AIM: The effect of several nitrogen and carbon sources on the growth of Pantoea agglomerans (strain CPA-2) was studied for the first time. METHODS AND RESULTS: Synthetic nitrogen and carbon sources were tested to obtain a suitable medium. Synthetic yeast extract provided maximum growth and disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose and trehalose improved this growth significantly from 3.2 x 10(9) to 5.5 x 10(9) cfu ml-1. CONCLUSION: Pantoea agglomerans can be produced in a combination of nitrogen sources such as yeast extract with carbohydrates such as sucrose in shake flask and a laboratory fermenter (5 l). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results suggest good production of this biocontrol agent on a laboratory scale and the potential of scaling up the process.

Biomass↗

PubMed2005

Immunostimulative effects of repeated inhalation exposure to microvesicle-bound endotoxin of Pantoea agglomerans.

Rabbits exposed repeatedly to aerosols of endotoxin-containing microvesicles (ECMV) of the outer membrane of the Pantoea agglomerans strain isolated from airborne grain dust showed a large increase in the concentration of circulating cytokines: total interferon (IFN), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). The increase was significantly higher compared to animals exposed to control saline (p < 0.001). Aerosol exposure to ECMV also induced the formation of specific precipitin antibodies and lymphocyte activation. The results indicate strong immunomodulative properties of ECMVs produced in nature by Pantoea agglomerans bacteria, and heavily contaminating organic dusts.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2004

Degradation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by a phytate-degrading enzyme from Pantoea agglomerans.

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis established myo-inositol pentakisphosphate as the final product of phytate dephosphorylation by the phytate-degrading enzyme from Pantoea agglomerans. Neither product inhibition by phosphate nor inactivation of the Pantoea enzyme during the incubation period were responsible for the limited phytate hydrolysis as shown by addition of phytate-degrading enzyme and phytate, respectively, after the observed stop of enzymatic phytate degradation. In additon, the Pantoea enzyme did not possess activity toward the purified myo-inositol pentakisphosphate. Using a combination of High-Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC) analysis and kinetic studies, the nature of the generated myo-inositol pentakisphosphate was established. The data demonstrate that the phytate-degrading enzyme from Pantoea agglomerans dephosphorylates myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in a stereospecific way to finally D-myo-inositol(1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.

6-Phytase↗

PubMed2005

Osmotically induced trehalose and glycine betaine accumulation improves tolerance to desiccation, survival and efficacy of the postharvest biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans EPS125.

The application of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans EPS125 to unwounded fruits was practically ineffective for control of postharvest blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum when the treatment and subsequent wounding and pathogen inoculation were separated by periods of unfavourable conditions. This was due to a rapid decrease in viability of the alocthonous introduced biocontrol agent in the intact peel surface. A system for osmoadaptation of the biocontrol agent was developed by combining saline osmotic stress and osmolyte amendment to the growth medium. Osmoadapted cells accumulated trehalose and glycine betaine (GB) intracellularly and showed a higher tolerance to desiccation than non-osmoadapted cells. Osmoadaptation in NaCl plus GB during inoculum preparation increased considerably survival on the peel surface of apple fruits. This effect was significant under low relative humidity (RH) and fluctuating RH conditions, but was not significant at high RH. Osmoadaptation significantly improved blue mould control under conditions where the standard biological control treatments were ineffective. The rot diameter was significantly reduced in apple fruits which were treated with EPS125 and incubated for several days under low, high or fluctuating RH, followed by wounding and inoculation of P. expansum. Growth of EPS125 with NaCl, either with or without the addition of GB, was an effective osmoadaptation treatment for improving blue mould rot control. However, the addition of GB to the NaCl amended growth medium increased 4-5-fold growth rate and OD of the cultures. This is an advantage for mass production of P. agglomerans EPS125 in a NaCl amended growth medium.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2004

Purification and properties of a phytate-degrading enzyme from Pantoea agglomerans.

A periplasmatic phytate-degrading enzyme from Pantoea agglomerans isolated from soil was purified about 470-fold to apparent homogeneity with a recovery of 16% referred to the phytate-degrading activity in the crude extract. It behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 42 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum at 4.5. Optimum temperature for the degradation of phytate was 60 degrees C. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of sodium phytate were determined to be KM = 0.34 mmol/l and kcat = 21 s(-1) at pH 4.5 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited a narrow substrate selectivity. Only phytate and glucose-1-phosphate were identified as good substrates. Since this Pantoea enzyme has a strong preference for glucose-1-phosphate over phytate, under physiological conditions glucose-1-phosphate is its most likely substrate. The maximum amount of phosphate released from phytate by the purified enzyme suggests myo-inositol pentakisphosphate as the final product of enzymatic phytate degradation.

6-Phytase↗

PubMed2006

The type III effectors HsvG and HsvB of gall-forming Pantoea agglomerans determine host specificity and function as transcriptional activators.

Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) induces galls on both beet and gypsophila. The pathogenicity of both pathovars is dependent on the presence of a plasmid harbouring type III secretion system (TTSS) components and effectors. The HsvG TTSS effectors of Pag (HsvG-Pag) and Pab (HsvG-Pab) determine the host specificity of both pathovars on gypsophila. Here we describe a novel HsvG homologue, HsvB, which determines the host specificity of Pag and Pab on beet. HsvG requires two direct amino acid repeats for pathogenicity on gypsophila, whereas one repeat in HsvB is sufficient for pathogenicity on beet. Exchanging repeats between HsvG-Pag and HsvB-Pab resulted in a switch of host specificities. Transient expression of GFP-HsvG or GFP-HsvB fusions in gypsophila, beet or melon leaves showed that HsvG and HsvB were localized to the nuclei of host and non-host plants. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that a single repeat of HsvG or HsvB was sufficient to activate transcription. By employing random binding-site selection and gel-shift assay HsvG was demonstrated to be a double-stranded DNA-binding protein with an ACACC/aAA consensus binding site. These results suggest that HsvG and HsvB are host-specificity determinants and bear the potential to affect the host transcriptional machinery.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2000

Characterization and properties of intracellular proteins after cold acclimation of the ice-nucleating bacterium Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola) IFO12686.

The ice-nucleating bacterium Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola) IFO12686 (INA(+)) responds to a decrease in temperature by the induction of proteins. The pattern of protein bands from strain IFO12686 following a shift in temperature from 30 to 12 degrees C could be divided into four major groups: (1) increasing protein bands, (2) decreasing protein bands, (3) increasing--decreasing protein bands, and (4) almost constant protein bands. We identified a cryoprotective function in the increasing protein band found in strain IFO12686. The increasing protein bands that followed a reduction in temperature were considered to have an important role in cold acclimation or adaptation. We showed that these proteins possessed cryoprotective activity when tested against the freeze-labile enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The strain IFO12686 had greater cryotolerance than Pa. agglomerans IAM1595 (INA(-)), and the degree of cryotolerance was increased by cold acclimation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗