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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evolutionary inferences of novel simian T lymphotropic virus type 1 from wild-caught chacma (Papio ursinus) and olive baboons (Papio anubis).

A serological survey of 22 wild-caught South African (Transvaal) chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and eight olive baboons (Papio anubis) from Kenya indicates that 13 P. ursinus and one P. anubis have antibodies reacting with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antigens, whereas three P. ursinus had a indeterminate reactivity on Western blot analysis. With six primer sets specific to either HTLV-1-Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) or HTLV-2 and encompassing long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, pol, env, and tax sequences, polymerase chain reaction was performed on genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 18 animals, and the presence of HTLV-1-STLV-1-related viruses was determined in 13 seropositive and three seroindeterminate animals but not in the two HTLV seronegative individuals. Proviral DNA sequences from env (522 bp), pol (120 bp), and complete (755 bp) or partial (514 bp) LTR were determined for three STLV-1-infected P. ursinus and one P. anubis. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. anubis (Pan-486) sequence clusters with one (Pan-1621) of two previously described P. anubis STLV-1. Likewise, P. ursinus viruses (Pur-529, Pur-539, and Pur-543) form a distinct group, different from all known HTLV-1 but closely affiliated with two STLV-1 strains from South African vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus). This study, reporting the first STLV-1 sequences from wild-caught P. ursinus and P. anubis, corroborates the hypothesis of cross-species transmissions of STLV-1 in the wild. Further, phylogenetic analyses indicate that the known HTLV-1 strains do not share a common origin with nonhuman primates STLV in South Africa.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The influence of physical and chemical restraint on the physiology of the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus).

The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) is extensively used in South Africa for biomedical research. Being a large primate, it is always necessary to apply some measure of chemical or physical restraint. The physiological effects of placing an animal in a restraint chair are compared with the effects of various chemical agents, such as ketamine, halothane, and ketamine/xylazine combination over 90 min. It was found that ketamine and thiopentone infusion were a satisfactory chemical restraint agent that gave a stable physiological state over 90 min.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

The suppression of electro-ejaculation in the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) by azaperone.

Six baboons (Papio ursinus) males were immobilised on five occasions at intervals of two weeks using a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine. The animals were subsequently successfully electro-ejaculated. No semen was obtained from animals when azaperone was used instead of xylazine, despite the use of a successful standardised method of electrical stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Quality of semen obtained by electroejaculation from chacma baboons (Papio ursinus).

Fifty-four baboons (Papio ursinus) were subjected to an electro-ejaculation procedure that yielded 683 usable ejaculates in 705 attempts. Quality evaluations by usual human spermiogram methods were applicable with only minor modifications to the procedures. By human criteria these wild baboons remained fertile after capture, and their use as a fertility model in pharmacological studies appeared to be appropriate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone induction by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1, BMP-7) in the primate Papio ursinus with expression of mRNA of gene products of the TGF-beta superfamily.

Predictable bone induction in clinical contexts requires information on the expression and cross regulation of gene products of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily elicited by single applications of each recombinant human bone morphogenetic/osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs). Using the calvarium and the rectus abdominis muscle of adult baboons Papio ursinus as a model for tissue induction and morphogenesis, this study investigated the induction of bone morphogenesis by gamma-irradiated hOP-1 delivered by gamma-irradiated bovine insoluble collagenous bone matrix, the hOP-1 osteogenic device, for bone induction in heterotopic and orthotopic sites of the primate Papio ursinus and the expression patterns of OP-1, collagen type IV, BMP-3 and TGFbeta1mRNAs elicited by increasing single applications of doses of the hOP-1 osteogenic devices (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mg hOP-1/g of matrix) applied heterotopically in the rectus abdominis muscle and orthotopically in 48 calvarial defects of 12 adult baboons. Histology and histomorphometry on serial undecalcified sections prepared from the specimens harvested on day 15, 30 and 90 showed that all the doses of the hOP-1 osteogenic device induced bone formation culminating in complete calvarial regeneration by day 90. Type IV collagen mRNA expression, a marker of angiogenesis, was strongly expressed in both heterotopic and orthotopic tissues. High levels of expression of OP-1 mRNA demonstrated autoinduction of OP-1 mRNAs. Expression levels of BMP-3 mRNA varied from tissues induced in heterotopic vs. orthotopic sites with high expression in rapidly forming heterotopic ossicles together with high expression of type IV collagen mRNA. The temporal and spatial expressions of TGF-beta1 mRNAindicate a specific temporal transcriptional window during which expression of TGF-beta1 is mandatory for successful and optimal osteogenesis. The induction of bone by hOP-1 in Papio ursinus develops as a mosaic structure with distinct spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression of members of the TGF-beta superfamily that singly, synergistically and synchronously initiate and maintain tissue induction and morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tick infestation of baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Namib Desert.

Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) living in an arid environment in Namibia were heavily infested with ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus. A survey to assess tick numbers and identity was undertaken in the baboons' habitat. It appears that there is a strong correlation between the number of ticks and the amount of time the baboons spend in an area. It is speculated that tick infestations were responsible for more than half (n = 18) of recorded infant deaths amongst these baboons.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the lytic effects of four prostaglandin analogues in the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus ursinus).

Six healthy, cycling female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus ursinus) were used to determine the luteolytic effects of four prostaglandin analogues. The compounds were administered according to a study design which made provision for adequate controls. Five to seven days following ovulation, venous blood was collected and the baboon given a single intramuscular injection of a compound at a recommended dose. Blood was then collected serially every 3 h for three samples and again at 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the continued effect of the prostaglandin analogues on corpus luteum production of progesterone. It was found that PGF2alpha-1,15-lactone, 11alpha(15S)-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-ent-PGE2 methyl ester and 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF2alpha exhibited definite luteolytic potential in this species. Equivocal results were obtained with (15S)-15-methyl-PGF2Alpha THAM and its toxic qualities resulted in the demise of three animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A positive wave at the J-point of electrocardiograms of anaesthetized baboons (Papio ursinus).

Electrocardiograms were performed on 50 anaesthetized baboons (Papio ursinus). A positive deflection, referred to by us as the H-wave, consistently occurs at the junction between the QRS complex and the S-T segment. The significance of this deflection at the J-point, as the junction is known, is still to be established; however, characterization of the H-wave regarding amplitude and position with respect to the R-wave is done.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Autoradiographic localization of putative melatonin receptors in the brains of two Old World primates: Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio ursinus.

The distribution of putative melatonin receptors in the brains of two Old World primates of the superfamily Catarrhina, Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio ursinus, was characterized using 2-[125I]iodomelatonin autoradiography. The specific binding demonstrated a discrete distribution pattern. The median eminence was intensely labelled, and examination at the light microscopic level demonstrated that the binding was confined to the small layer of cells comprising the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. The collar of pars distalis, present in the baboon (Papio ursinus), was diffusely labelled. No binding was detected in the pars distalis proper or the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. The binding in the suprachiasmatic nuclei was weaker, but well discernible. Diffuse faint specific binding was found in the frontal cortex and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Two non-neural sites expressed strong, well-delineated binding: the walls of some brain blood vessels (the vertebral and spinal arteries, the inferior cerebellar and acoustic arteries, the basilar, pericallosal, internal carotid arteries, the arteries forming the circle of Willis) and the choroid plexuses. Binding in the arteries of the circle of Willis, the pars tuberalis and the suprachiasmatic nuclei was readily displaceable. Addition of 1 microM unlabelled 2-iodomelatonin following 45 min of preincubation with the radioactive ligand completely abrogated the binding. Co-incubation with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) led to a significant decrease in the apparent binding density in the pars tuberalis and abolished binding in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, but was without effect on the binding in the walls of the adjacent arteries, forming the circle of Willis, in the cortex and in the hippocampus. This qualitative distribution pattern demonstrates that in the two primate species studied, melatonin high-affinity, G-protein-linked binding sites are present in the pars tuberalis and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei, and that melatonin may be acting as a synchronizer of the endogenous pacemakers' circadian activity, apart from its possible reproductive effects at the level of pars tuberalis, where the highest receptor density was observed. The strongly labelled arterial walls, and the flimsy labelled cortex and hippocampus, expressed different characteristics: though the binding was readily reversible, it was apparently not regulated by a guanine nucleotide-binding protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of blood flow parameters measured by Doppler ultrasound and radionuclide techniques in the baboon (Papio ursinus).

Ascending aortic blood velocity was measured in the baboon (Papio ursinus) by using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. The blood flow parameters thus obtained were compared to those by the standardized radionuclide technique. It appears that, due to the anatomical position of the ascending aorta and brachiocephalic trunks in relation to the ultrasound beam, Doppler ultrasound does not provide an accurate method of measuring aortic blood velocity in the baboon, which could be the reason for the poor correlation of the results from the two techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Primate in vitro fertilization research: preliminary results on the folliculogenic effects of three different ovulatory induction agents on the chacma baboon, Papio ursinus.

1. A study was conducted on the chacma baboon, Papio ursinus with three ovulation induction agents in an effort to define a preferential stimulatory protocol with regards to the number and quality of oocytes obtained. 2. Three folliculogenic agents applied in four stimulatory protocol regimens comprised clomiphene citrate in a high (100 mg/day) and low (50 mg/day) dosage, a combination of clomiphene citrate and pregnant mare serum, and human menopausal gonadotropin. 3. A total of 159 oocytes were aspirated by laparotomy from 10 baboon females in 20 induced cycles with an average of 8.0 +/- 5.4 oocytes per aspiration. 4. The highest mean number of oocytes (11.3 +/- 6.7) were obtained with the clomiphene/pregnant mare serum gonadotropin combination. 5. The best fertilization rate was obtained with clomiphene 50 mg. 6. The highest incidence of oocytic cleavage and embryo transfer were achieved with human menopausal gonadotropin (14.8%).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The origin and pattern of distribution of the posterior intercostal arteries in the baboon (Papio ursinus).

The posterior intercostal arteries of six female and four adult male baboons (Papio ursinus) were investigated by latex injection and subsequent dissection to determine their origin and pattern of distribution. Basic morphological and functional similarities with that of man could provide some base-line data pertinent to future experimental studies in the areas of thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic atherosclerotic lesion in man. Basic similarities were observed between the baboon and man in the number of intersegmental arteries, the origin of the first two pairs of posterior intercostal arteries, and the anastomosis between the superior intercostal and the third posterior intercostal arteries. However, the baboon showed a craniocaudal sequence of paired orifices giving rise to paired arteries; orifices with incompletely divided septum giving rise to paired arteries; single orifices leading to a common trunk, which finally gives rise to paired arteries; and single orifices opening into single arteries. In addition, there was a craniocaudal decrease in the distance between any given pair of intercostal arteries and an increase in the spacing between adjacent pairs of intercostal arteries. Where a single artery supplied one side of the intercostal space, the contralateral side received a collateral branch, either from the preceding or succeeding intercostal artery. Though the basic organisation of the origin and distribution of the posterior intercostal arteries in the baboon is similar to that of man, the differences observed in the baboon might be attributed to factors such as body size, mode of activity, and even the phylogenetic level of development of the baboon.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1980

A reassessment of the karyotype of Papio ursinus. Homoeology between human chromosome 15 and 22 and a characteristic submetacentric baboon chromosome.

The Giemsa-banded karyotype of the chacma baboon, Papio ursinus, was shown to be identical to that of Papio hamadryas. Comparison of G-banded P. ursinus (PUR) chromosomes with those of man (HSA) showed close morphological homoeology between PUR and HSA chromosomes 5, 8, 12, 19, and X, and partial homology for seven and 22 and was the only Papio chromosome containing a nucleolar organizer region (NOR). This baboon chromosome, therefore, shows genetic homoeology with human acrocentrics for a least 18S and 28S rRNA gene loci. It is postulated that HSA 15 and 22 originated from the fission of a larger submetacentric chromosome in a lower primate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Atrio-ventricular block in a baboon (Papio ursinus).

Atrio-ventricular (A-V) block occurring in an anesthetized chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) is analysed. Hemodynamic, 12-lead electrocardiographical (ECG), hematological and biochemical parameters were monitored and data before and after block are compared. Though biochemical and other abnormal values were encountered, no conclusive evidence of the cause of the block was found.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

Experimental radionuclide ventriculography and the baboon (Papio ursinus) model: imaging projection of the heart and blood pool labelling.

The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) presents a suitable animal model for the evaluation of interpretation problems of data from radionuclide ventriculography. However, the procedure has to be standardized: it is important to so view the heart as to ensure optimal ventricular separation and minimal ventricle-atrium overlap. Also necessary is efficient labelling of the blood pool for good cardiac images and prolonged experimentation. This report concerns an evaluation of different cardiac viewing projections and labelling procedures, and concludes with a preferred method.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a closed colony of baboons (Papio ursinus).

An outbreak of tuberculosis in a nonhuman primate colony involved 11 of 91 (12.1%) baboons (Papio ursinus). Tuberculin tests identified 80%, X-ray screening 10% and throat swab bacteriology 30% of diseased animals. Cough was a misleading indicator of tuberculosis. Stress resulting from experimental interference with animals was unrelated to disease development. Twice as many females as males were attacked. Screening and prophylactic, therapeutic and preventive measures are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Microfilaments, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic ribbon fields in the pinealocytes of the baboon (Papio ursinus).

Microfilaments (MF, 5-8 nm in diameter) are a prominent feature of the pinealocyte cytoplasm of baboons (Papio ursinus) kept under controlled lighting conditions. MF occurred as a filamentous network in these cells during the light phase of the diurnal light-dark cycle, while a close structural association was noted between MF and the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). This association was especially evident during the dark period. Increased numbers of single synaptic ribbons (SR, vesicle-crowned rodlets), together with large aggregations of SR, i.e., ribbon fields (RF), were seen in the pinealocyte cytoplasm of baboons killed during the dark phase. It is suggested that the vesicles of RF may arise from those of the SER and that MF may play a role in the movement of SER-vesicles to those areas of the cytoplasm where new RF are being formed.

Animals↗