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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effect of paracentesis on ocular cloxacillin concentration.

The effect of anterior chamber puncture on cloxacillin concentration in the rabbit eye after intravenous injection was studied using a radioactive tracer method. The enhancement in drug concentration caused by paracentesis was most immediate and significant in the iris-ciliary body preparation. It was soon followed by high cloxacillin concentration in the aqueous humour, which contributed to elevated cloxacillin levels in the cornea, lens and anterior vitreous body, when compared to normal material. Contrary to normal eyes, cloxacillin concentration in the cornea of the punctured eyes was higher than in the limbal area. The morphological changes occurring after paracentesis are discussed. The breakdown of the hydrodynamic equilibrium in the eye, suggested as the only change after paracentesis by Raviola (1974), cannot merely explain the cloxacillin concentration changes measured in the punctured eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Consensual reactions to anterior chamber paracentesis in the rabbit.

A consensual reaction was consistently obtained in rabbits subjected to unilateral paracentesis. On fluorescein angiography of the anterior segment, we observed that this consensual reaction consisted of a slight to moderate dye extravasation from the ciliary processes into the aqueous. Aspirin usually, but not always, inhibited this reaction. Retrobulbar injection of anesthesia to the injured eye always blocked the consensual response, as did phenoxybenzamine injected intravenously before the paracentesis. We concluded that consensual responses are more efficiently inhibited by nerve-blocking agents than by prostaglandin inhibitors. These results suggest that the interocular pathway mediating consensual responses is probably neural and not caused by prostaglandins released into the general circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sites of breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier after paracentesis of the rhesus monkey eye.

Sites of breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier following rapid paracentesis have been investigated in rhesus monkeys with two independent procedures. (1) The entrance of fluorescein into the anterior and posterior chambers following paracentesis was studied in vivo in normal eyes, in eyes with laser-induced experimental glaucoma, and in totally iridectomized eyes. (2) Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork regions in normal eyes and paracentetic eyes. These investigations show that the ciliary body, particularly the anterior pars plicata region, is a source of secondary aqueous humor protein. In addition, the study shows reflux of blood into Schlemm's canal and plasma movement across the inner wall into the anterior chamber.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Increased pressure after paracentesis of the rabbit eye is completely accounted for by prostaglandin synthesis and release plus pupillary block.

Paracentesis of the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye results in hyperemia, increased protein in the aqueous, elevated intraocular pressure, and miosis. Aspirin does not affect miosis but attenuates the pressure and protein response by about 60%. Pupillary block resulting from miosis aggravates the rise in intraocular pressure (as does mydriasis). Pretreatment with aspirin plus iridectomy virtually eliminates the elevation of intraocular pressure consequent to paracentesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Abdominal paracentesis for early diagnosis of closed abdominal injury.

In a 4 year material of closed abdominal injuries consisting of 114 patients, mostly multiple trauma traffic accidents, diagnostic paracentesis with peritoneal lavage was used in 47 cases. The aim of the investigation was to indicate or exclude blood in the abdominal cavity as early as possible and thereby facilitate the priority of treatment and diminish the delay in surgical intervention. The main indication was suspicion of abdominal injury in multiple traumatized, unconscious or shocked patients. The puncture was performed in the emergency room immediately after ordinary lifesaving steps had been taken. If blood was obtained the patients were sent to the operating theatre for laparotomy. If blood was not obtained one litre of an isotonic salt solution was infused and if the returning solution was only slightly blood tinged, the investigation was continued with roentgenographic methods. In our series only two cases were not correctly diagnosed. Diagnostic paracentesis is the most rapid method of demonstrating intraabdominal bleeding, which is found in 90% of all serious intraabdominal organ injuries. In doubtful cases this method must be combined with other diagnostic methods and the patient put under proper clinical observation.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1976

Subcutaneous fat necrosis after paracentesis: Report of a case in a patient with acute pancreatitis.

A patient with acute pancreatitis developed subcutaneous fat necrosis of the anterior abdominal wall secondary to leakage of pancreatic enzymes through a rent in the peritoneum following paracentesis. The same patient also had another subcutaneous complication of pancreatitis, namely, nodular liquifying panniculitis of the lower extremities. The diagnosis was made by the typical histological findings of subcutaneous fat necrosis, foci of necrotic cells with a "ghost-like" appearance, and basophilic-staining calcium soaps deposited around the necrotic cells.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Ultrastructure of the blood-aqueous barrier in normal condition and after paracentesis A freeze-fracture study in the rabbit.

There is in the ciliary epithelium a barrier which prevents the passage of plasma proteins into the posterior chamber of the eye. The anatomical site of this blood-aqueous barrier is at the zonulae occludentes (tight junctions) located between the lateral plasma-membranes of the nonpigmented epithelial cells. Using the freeze-fracture technique we have studied these junctions in the pars plicata. As in many epithelia, they are formed by an anastomosing network of ridges on the fracture PF face and by a complementary set of furrows on the fracture EF face of plasma membranes. Features of these junctions are the presence of frequent parallel and closely associated double or triple ridges, and a few small gap junctions, associated with tight junctional elements of the zonulae occludentes. We also show that the number of junctional strands (ridges and furrows from apex to base) varies from a few strands to about 15, according to their position around the nonpigmented epithelial cells. These observations suggest that the rabbit's ciliary epithelium is to be classified among the 'tight' or 'very tight' epithelia (Claude and Goodenough, 1973). After paracentesis, we observed no breakdown of the zonulae occludentes. This supports the hypothesis that the site of leakage of the plasma proteins is elsewhere than ciliary epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lepromatous iridocyclitis diagnosed by anterior chamber paracentesis.

A 34-year-old man with a three-month history of intraocular inflammation after ocular trauma with a fir branch, had an acute unilateral fulminant iridocyclitis. The iris had a thick, gray, cheesy membrane composed of nodular lepromata. The patient denied a history of Hansen's disease, despite the dermatologic and facial features that suggested the diagnosis. Anterior chamber paracentesis and scleral nodule biopsy demonstrated Mycobacterium lepra. The iridocyclitis resolved after treatment with dapsone, corticosteroids, and rifampin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The dominant role of paracentesis technics in the early diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma.

A simplified method of diagnostic abdominal paracentesis and lavage is described. Liberal application of this method as part of the initial physical examination of blunt trauma patients resulted in identification at first examination of 94 per cent (61 of 65) of those who were to have laparotomy. No case in the series was brought to laparotomy as the result of findings at arteriography, radionuclide imaging, or sonarography, and no intraabdominal problem was missed because of failure to use one of these organimaging technics. The very limited role of these imaging procedures in early management of blunt abdominal trauma is discussed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Paracentesis and lavage for diagnosis of intestinal gangrene in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

A study to evaluate peritoneal fluid as an index of intestinal gangrene in infants with necrotizing entercolitis (NEC) was begun in 1974. Twenty samples of peritoneal fluid were obtained by paracentesis or lavage from 15 infants with nonperforated NEC. A brown color in the peritoneal fluid was noted in all 8 patients found to have intestinal gangrene at subsequent operation. Gram stain showed bacteria in 6 of these 8 patients and bacterial cultures were confimatory in all but one. In 12 samples of peritoneal fluid in patients without intestinal gangrene, the fluid was straw-colored or pink and Gram stain showed no bacteria. The decision to operate on an infant with intestinal gangrene and impending perforation may be aided by analysis of the peritoneal fluid.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Diagnosing ascites: the value of abdominal paracentesis.

Abdominal paracentesis is a useful and safe technique in the evaluation of ascites. The withdrawn ascitic fluid should be routinely analyzed for appearance, blood cell count, and amylase and total protein concentrations; examined cytologically; and cultured. Results should either substantiate the clinical diagnosis or alert the clinician to the presence of previously unsuspected disease.

Ascites↗
PubMed1979

Abdominal paracentesis for malignant ascites.

Abdominal paracentesis for malignant ascites may be performed safely for several hours by insertion of a plastic tube through an intracatheter needle. The system is closed and sterile for up to 9 liters of drainage.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Complications of diagnostic paracentesis in patients with liver disease.

A retrospective analysis of 242 consecutive diagnostic abdominal paracenteses in patients with liver disease disclosed seven major complications, including serious hemorrhage (four), perforation of bowel with generalized peritonitis (one), perforation of bowel with abdominal wall abscess (one), and a catheter fragment left in the abdominal wall or cavity (one). The results of this study emphasize the potential dangers of this procedure in these patients and raise the possibility that complications may be more common than previously thought.

Abdominal Muscles↗