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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of paraldehyde on the convulsions induced by administration of soman in rats.

The ability of paraldehyde, a potent central nervous system depressant, to prevent the convulsions induced by the organophosphate soman, an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, was studied in rats. Paraldehyde (0.1-500 mg/kg, im) administered 10 min before soman (100 micrograms/kg, sc) did not protect against seizures. Co-administered with atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg, im), paraldehyde produced a clear dose-dependent anticonvulsant response. Although this pre-treatment could delay the occurrence of death, it did not produce any change in the soman-induced 24 h mortality rate. Thus, co-administration of paraldehyde and atropine sulfate might constitute a valuable tool to be used against the convulsant consequences of soman poisoning. However, supplementary pre-medication, in addition to paraldehyde and atropine sulfate, remains necessary to improve the antilethal capacity of the pre-treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Diazepam and paraldehyde for treatment of severe delirium tremens. A controlled trial.

Thirty-four patients with severe delirium tremens were allocated randomly to treatment with paraldehyde (10 ml rectally very 30 minutes) or diazepam (10 mg then 5 mg intravenously every 5 minutes) until they were calm but awake. Diazepam-treated patients became calm in one half the time needed to calm patients with paraldehyde. Half of the patients had delirium tremens in association with pneumonia, pancreatitis, or alcoholic hepatitis; these patients required twice as much paraldehyde or diazepam for initial calming as patients with delirium tremens alone. Maintenance of a calm state was accomplished easily with either diazepam, intramuscularly, or paraldehyde, rectally. Adverse reactions occurred in nine patients, all of whom had been treated with paraldehyde; these patients had greater degrees of fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia and required three times longer for initial calming than patients without adverse reactions. Diazepam given under this regimen is a safe and effective sedative for management of combative patients with severe delirium tremens.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ketamine-paraldehyde anesthesia for rabbits.

Combination of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) and paraldehyde (0.5 ml/kg), both administered intramuscularly, was found to be safe and effective for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for prolonged major surgical procedures in rabbits. Time of induction of deep surgical anesthesia was 20 to 30 minutes. Surgical procedures (creation of intestinal loops for perfusion studies) lasting 3 to 4 hours were performed, with an additional dose of ketamine (25 mg/kg) occasionally being given after 2 hours. At the end of the experiments, rabbits were killed. Another group of rabbits was maintained in a deep surgical plane of anesthesia for 5 hours without any surgical operation being done. Rabbits were then allowed to recover and, on the next day, were again anesthetized and allowed to recover without the performance of surgical operation. Finally, after a day's hiatus, the same rabbits were used in intestinal perfusion experiments. The use of 2 complementary anesthetics, each with a wide margin of safety for respiratory centers, provided safe anesthesia. The ability to administer a relatively fixed dose obviated the need for inordinate expertise to anesthetize rabbits for long periods.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

Paraldehyde.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Activating and anesthetic effects of general depressants.

The long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) lines of mice were derived by selective breeding with respect to ethanol sleep time. We found that in current generations LS mice also have longer sleep times than SS mice to trichloroethanol and paraldehyde. Two subsequent experiments tested our hypothesis that mice that are relatively insensitive to the hypnotic effects of depressant drugs might be relatively activated by low doses of these drugs. Both experiments failed to support the hypothesis. First, although SS mice were more activated than LS mice by subhypnotic doses of paraldehyde, the lines did not differ in the degree of activation produced by low doses of trichloroethanol. Second, among mice from a genetically heterogeneous population (HS), there was no relation between the degree of activation induced by a low dose of ethanol and sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of a higher dose.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrolyte changes in plasma and urine during tender coconut water infusion in dogs.

Intravenous infusion of tender coconut water to paraldehyde and chloralose-urethane anaesthetised dogs at a rate of 0.5 ml/kg/min to a total dose of 100 ml/kg body weight decreased serum Na and increased K and Ca levels. Simultaneously, urinary Na excretion decreased and K and Ca excretion increased and there was glycosuria. Serum electrolyte changes were more prominent in paraldehyde anaesthetised dogs.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1977

[Cytospectrophotometric study of glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membrane in renal and spontaneous hypertension in rats].

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), aged 10 weeks, and rats with renovascular hypertension (25-30 weeks) demonstrated, in contrast to the controls, a different pattern of erythrocytes staining with paraldehyde-fuchsin used in histochemistry for demonstrating glycoproteids. The erythrocytes were found to respond to intravenous glucose injections by changing the optic density. The erythrocytes response of SHR differs from the normals, but no difference was revealed in rats with renovascular hypertension. The authors suggest that the changes in the tinctorial properties of the erythrocytes with reference to paraldehyde-fuchsin indirectly reflect the state of the insulin receptors of the erythrocyte membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Synganglial morphology and neurosecretory centers of adult Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae).

Lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were processed by standard histological means for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining by the paraldehyde-fuchsin technique. The synganglion is highly condensed around the esophagus and possesses paired optic, cheliceral, palpal, pedal I-IV nerves, and opisthosomal nerves and a single unpaired esophageal nerve. Although optic nerves were observed leading from the eyes to the protocerebrum, distinct optic ganglia were not seen in any of the preparations examined. The paraldehyde-fuchsin technique revealed 14 neurosecretory centers (11 paired, 3 unpaired) within the synganglion, which are described in relation to the underlying neuropilar structure. A previously undescribed internal subesophageal center that consists of a single cell was observed within a cluster of perikarya lying posteriorly adjacent to the esophagus. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal neuropilar structure of the synganglion was made, and the included neurosecretory centers were mapped. Comparisons are made to previous work on other ticks, and physiological relationships are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Staining properties of aldehyde fuchsin analogs.

This investigation was designed to clarify the role of the aldehyde component of aldehyde fuchsin in its staining reactions. Several aldehyde fuchsin analogs were prepared by using different aldehydes. The staining quality of these analogs and pararosaniline-HCl was compared with that of aldehyde fuchsin prepared with paraldehyde in the usual way. The major findings of this investigation include: 1) Aldehyde fuchsin staining of nonoxidized pancreatic B cells requires a stain prepared with either paraldehyde or acetaldehyde. 2) An aldehyde moiety is required for aldehyde fuchsin staining of strong tissue anions. 3) Staining of elastic tissue with aldehyde fuchsin analogs resembles staining of strong tissue anions more than staining of nonoxidized pancreatic B cells. Possible reaction mechanisms of aldehyde fuchsin with tissue substrates are discussed.

Aldehydes↗