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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

The prediction of paranoid behavior: comparative validities of obvious vs. subtle MMPI Paranoia (Pa) items.

Assessed the relations among the obvious, neutral, and subtle MMPI Paranoia (PA) subscale scores and criteria that consisted of Mehrabian's Stimulus Screening Scale, Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale, a Paranoia Questionnaire, the Einstellung Test, and an unobtrusive measure of personalization. Male college students served as Ss (N = 100). The obvious PA subscale was found to be correlated significantly with Mehrabian's Stimulus Screening Scale, Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale (in a negative direction), and the Paranoia Questionnaire. The neutral PA subscale was related significantly to Mehrabian's Stimulus Screening Scale, Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale (also in a negative direction), and, at a trend level, the Einstellung Test. The subtle subscale correlated with Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale (in a positive direction) and an unobtrusive measure of personalization. Correlations among the criteria themselves were generally insignificant, but the relationships found supported the use of the paranoia criteria as measures of the intended construct.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Disintegration of condition episodes of paranoid behavior. "Nonsensical actions" according to Conrad].

Proceeding from an interactional basis - psychopathology practized as interactional psychophology - the insenate acts as defined by Conrad are interpreted as an expression of decay of situation. As the stage the paranoid undergo teaches a stabilisation and a preleminary end by the decay of situation, it is - in difference to Conrads interpretation - a matter of a comparatively remote period of progress. The thematically open, e.g. not defined situation of the paranoid, experiences a consolidation through the decay of situation by making it possible for the patient to come to a renewed settlement of an agreement interaction by an autonomous choice of the basis of communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Geriatric paranoia: case report illustrating behavioral management.

Paranoid thinking is a defense mechanism against feelings of inferiority and humiliation. Paranoid behavior serves as a means of getting attention, sympathy and help. A case study of an 81-year-old woman illustrates the nature of geriatric paranoia and the roles of interpersonal relationships, rigid personality, depression, and the impairment of sensory and memory functions. The problem proved to be the effects on the family and neighbors of the patient's verbally expressed paranoid delusions. Treatment consisted of reducing the frequency of these paranoid complaints by means of reality therapy and verbal non-reinforcement.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Inconsistencies in paranoid functioning, premorbid adjustment, and chronicity: question of diagnostic criteria.

Despite the widely held belief that paranoid behavior is associated with good premorbid adjustment, low chronicity, and high current functioning in psychiatric inpatients, inconsistencies in the literature suggest that supportive evidence may be an artifact of the measurement model commonly used to index paranoid status. In a sample of 497 nonorganic inpatients selected from 19 treatment units, paranoid behavior, when measured by a dimensional/cumulative model, was not found to indicate higher functioning and associated relationships, but simply to reflect a narrower class of problem behavior. Only when paranoid status was defined using a traditional model based on the predominance of the defining class of behavior did paranoid subjects demonstrate better premorbid adjustment, lower chronicity, and higher levels of functioning than nonparanoid subjects. Serious problems exist in the use of information obtained from traditional predominance/class models for either theoretical or practical purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Suspiciousness induced by four-hour intravenous infusions of cocaine. Preliminary findings.

Cocaine hydrochloride was administered to experienced users as an intravenous (IV) loading dose of 40 to 80 mg, followed by four-hour continuous IV infusions of either cocaine or placebo. Rates of cocaine infusion were individualized to maintain steady-state cocaine concentrations for the duration of the infusion. During the infusions, subjects rated themselves on questions that assessed their suspiciousness and paranoia, and nurse-observers took descriptive notes on the subjects' behavior; these notes were later scored on a scale for guarded, suspicious, and paranoid behavior. Nurses observed and rated moderately suspicious behavior when cocaine IV bolus loading doses were followed by cocaine infusions, but not when loading doses were followed by saline solution infusions; subjects did not rate themselves as suspicious during any of the study conditions. Suspiciousness during low-dose cocaine infusions significantly correlated with the amount of cocaine previously administered to the subjects. Suspiciousness during infusions was not related to plasma cocaine concentrations, preadmission drug use, or psychiatric symptoms and history. Cocaine infusions may be a useful tool to pursue the biology of stimulant psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease.

We followed 65 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, who were initially mildly to moderately impaired, with semiannual assessments of cognitive and functional performance for up to 4 years. Scores on the Mini Mental State Examination and a combination of instrumental and self-maintenance scale of activities of daily living were regressed on time of examination (measured in 6-month increments) to estimate cognitive and functional progression rates in individual patients. Lower scores on the verbal neuropsychological tests at the time of study entry, more aggressive behavior, and sleep disturbance during the first year of observation predicted faster cognitive progression. Faster functional progression was predicted by paranoid behavior, hallucinations and activity disturbances during the first year and the presence of extrapyramidal signs and lower scores on nonverbal neuropsychological tests at the time of entry into the study. Hallucinations occurred independently of cognitive severity and may identify a distinct subgroup of patients with rapid functional progression. Because of the greater significance of functional progression for caregivers' ability to manage patients, the presence of specific behavior problems early in the disease course may help to identify individuals who will experience greater functional decline and be at risk for earlier institutionalization.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Apropos of a misdiagnosed form of paranoia: paranoia of the elderly].

The expression of elements of a paranoid symptomatology (suspicion, mistrust, hostility, etc.) is frequently seen in the elderly patients. Paranoid symptom is non-specific in geronto-psychiatric practice. The association with a cognitive disorder is frequent. The relationship between this trouble and a previous paranoid personality disorder appears, according to literature, looser than in the younger patients. The paranoid behavioral pattern often stands for the elderly as a defense against feelings of inferiority and humiliation. The expression of a paranoid symptomatology is a hamper for the subject's social autonomy, as well as an actual risk factor so far as it may involve a delay in the demands for medical care. Therapeutical attitudes, reassurant and preventing the patient from a rough awareness of his deficit, seem to be useful in the alleviation of the trouble.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Suicide risk in schizophrenia: an analysis of 17 consecutive suicides.

The aim of this study was to investigate interactional factors related to the recognition of suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. The study focused on 17 schizophrenia patients who had committed suicide during the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland between April 1, 1987, and March 31, 1988, in the province of Kuopio. Consensus case reports were assembled by using the psychological autopsy method. Study methods included structured and in-depth interviews of next of kin and interviews of health care or social services workers who had treated the suicide victims. Male and female patients with schizophrenia committed suicide in equal proportions. Most had suffered from schizophrenia for more than 15 years; all but one had been receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of suicide. Retrospective assessment indicated that 59 percent of the patients were clinically depressed at the time of suicide. In 76 percent of the cases, the mental health professionals involved in treatment had not believed that there was a risk of suicide during their last contact with the patient. In 29 percent of the cases, the patient's paranoid ideas concerning treatment personnel had increased. Patients' withdrawal from human relationships because of depression was related to loss of the treatment professionals' concern for the patients. The findings in this descriptive study suggest that withdrawal by a patient with schizophrenia and an increase in the patient's paranoid behavior should be regarded as signals of risk of suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Classification of chronic psychoses including delusional disorders and schizophrenias.

A classification of chronic psychoses including nonparanoid schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, paranoid state and paranoia (delusional disorder) is presented. This classification is dependent on a systematic increase in number of symptoms with each group. In particular, delusional disorder is examined with regard to family history. It is clear from the data which are presented that delusional disorder is more likely to be associated with a family history of such traits as suspiciousness, jealousy, secretiveness, and the presence of paranoid behavior or delusions. There is evidence that such familial traits are not seen in schizophrenia, only in delusional disorder.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

Paranoid symptoms in patients on a general hospital psychiatric unit. Implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Paranoid symptoms were found in 40% of patients admitted to a university general hospital psychiatric unit during a ten-month period. Fifty-eight percent of this group had frank paranoid delusions, while the rest had ideas of reference or generalized suspiciousness. Only one half of those who had paranoid delusions had paranoid schizophrenia. A significant number had affective disorders or organic brain disorder. Ideas of reference and suspiciousness were found in many patients who were not psychotic. The therapeutic implications of these findings are reported in three patients who were inadequately treated for affective disorders because the presence of paranoid symptomatology had led to an incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intravenous cocaine: psychiatric effects, biological mechanisms.

Volunteer addicts were administered iv loading doses of cocaine, followed by 4-hr cocaine infusions that maintained steady-state conditions. The loading doses were followed by the "rush" and "high" subjective effects that users typically experience; cocaine infusions maintained the experience of drug "high", but not "rush". In a subsequent experiment, haloperidol pretreatment did not alter cocaine "rush" but partially attenuated cocaine "high." During cocaine infusions, we also noted suspicious and paranoid behavior, which were blindly rated by nurses. During one of the infusion conditions, the degree of suspiciousness observed was related to the amount of cocaine previously administered. Although cardiovascular responses to cocaine were marked, we found no alterations in plasma catecholamines following cocaine administrations. Baseline homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, however, were related to the degree of suspiciousness observed following cocaine dosing. The potential contributions of dopaminergic systems and physiological sensitization to the development of the psychiatric toxicity of cocaine are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Health service delivery and research outcomes of a common departmental structure for psychiatric consultation-liaison and social work services at a university hospital.

Convincing evidence exists that psychosocial factors have a major impact on both outcome and costs in the medical/surgical services in general hospitals. This paper describes the Human Services Department's impact on social work and consultation-liaison psychiatry, using a data-based management system across five specialties: 1) social work; 2) consultation-liaison psychiatry; 3) supportive care (hospice); 4) home care (home health discharge planning); and 5) pastoral care, which offers opportunities for research and quality assurance monitoring. Time spent in service delivery was used to estimate the cost per hour: 1) pastoral care $96; 2) social work $36; 3) consultation-liaison psychiatry $59; 4) home care $49. Referral to social work was preferred for a range of family and discharge planning services. Consultation-liaison services were preferred for depression, paranoid behavior, and management problems. Referral overlap was noted for "coping with diagnosis" for social work and consultation-liaison psychiatry. Using a computerized data base format for documenting the referral process, work accomplished, and time spent among those services providing mental health care in the general hospital permits the observation of redundancy of services delivered and their costs.

Chicago↗