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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Parental age and birth order in homosexual patients: a replication of Slater's study.

Parental age (at patient's birth) and birth order were studied in 623 male and 89 female patients diagnosed as homosexual, who were born in England and Wales and first attended the Maudsley Hospital between the years 1961-1975. For male patients, mean parental ages were significantly higher than expectation, and mean birth order was significantly later. Regression analysis indicated that the raised fathers' age was probably of more aetiological importance than the raised mothers' age. The results confirm those of previous studies. The female patients did not show a raised parental age or late birth order.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Raised parental age in psychiatric patients: evidence for the constitutional hypothesis.

In two series of psychiatric patients (numbering about 6,000 and 2,000 respectively), the mean age of the mothers at the time of the patients' birth was found to be very significantly above expectation from the general population, and this was so for each of the major diagnostic groups. In the second series, the age of the fathers was also found to be very significantly above that expected from a sample survey of the general population, and this was so for each diagnostic group. Fathers' age was raised more than mothers', and was highest for schizophrenia. The raised parental age could not be explained in terms of the patient's year of birth or his father's social class. The raised mothers' age could largely be accounted for by regression on the raised fathers' age. The present findings, and those of previous studies, seem best explained on the hypothesis of a constitutional parental trait leading to delayed marriage.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Age of onset in Huntington's disease: lack of parental age effect.

In a recent publication Brackenridge and Teltscher (1975) concluded that the age of onset of Huntington's disease was in part a function of the age of the transmitting parent at the time of birth of a subsequently affected child. Their analysis suggested that the younger the parent was at the time of birth of the subsequently affected child, the later in life symptoms of disease would appear in the child. The data of Brackenridge and Teltscher have been statistically reevaluated here, and this analysis fails to support their conclusion. Consequently it would be irresponsible to counsel persons at risk for Huntington's disease to plan families early in life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Birth order and parental age in microphthalmos and other ocular diseases.

We compared the distribution of birth order and maternal and paternal ages of blind school children throughout Japan with that of the total Japanese population of the corresponding age groups and with that of a subgroup of children with acquired blindness. The number of first-born children with microphthalmos was smaller, and the number of second-, third-, or fourth-born children was larger, as compared with the control groups. The differences were highly statistically significant by chi-square test. There was a less pronounced indication of birth order effect in amblyopia, congenital cataract, and optic nerve atrophy, which involved more first-borns than in the controls. The distribution of maternal age was also different from the control group in microphthalmos, congenital cataract, corneal opacity, and optic nerve atrophy. Less mothers in their 20s and more in their 30s produced children with these conditions. We believe this finding may be partly related to the rapid decline in infant mortality and in the incidence of congenital blindness in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

On data and methods in investigations on parental-age effects. Comments on a paper by J. D. Erickson.

An analysis of the NIS data used by Erickson (1977) has revealed that this data contains too few Down's syndrome cases with older fathers. Thus the data is less suited for an investigation of a possible paternal age effect. In addition, the statistical tests used by Erickson have low power, so that they are unable to detect a moderate paternal-age effect. Our analysis has demonstrated that discussions on paternal-age effects and similar problems should be based on high-quality data. The investigation is better based on a small high-quality material than on a large one with serious underascertainment. In the latter case one has to be extremely careful because the missing observations nearly always have common characteristics which may cause serious bias of relevant kinds.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Down syndrome, paternal age, maternal age and birth order.

Recent cytogenetic evidence has shown that trisomy 21 can arise, perphaps even in substantial proportion, from paternal nondisjunction. The statistical association between Down syndrome incidence and maternal age, paternal age and birth order has been studied in a sample of over 4000 cases. The size of this sample made it possible to control for the effect of maternal age by single years of age during the search for a paternal age effect and vice versa, and the importance of such stringent control is emphasized. The maternal age association was confirmed with an extremely high degree of statistical significance while no independent effect of paternal age was found; indeed, the rates at paternal ages over 45 years appear to be nearly constant. After adjusting for the effects of parental age, a significant inverse association of birth order with incidence was noted. It also appears that the incidence among very young mothers may be high: for maternal ages 15 years and less the rates seem to be equivalent to those found at 30 or 35 years. In order to help answer the question of whether the maternal age association is the result of increasing rates of nondisjunction or of some other mechanism (for example, an age related defect in a spontaneous abortion screening mechanism), the proportion of cases due to maternal and paternal nondisjunction at different parental ages must be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Paternal age effect in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Analysis by the method of Smith (1972) of birth order and parental age data collected from 38 of 42 patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive shows a significant paternal age effect. This finding among the sporadically occurring cases would support the proposition that this condition usually arises as a new dominant mutation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The Cri du Chat syndrome: epidemiology, cytogenetics, and clinical features.

Data for 331 cri du chat cases, including 34 Danish probands, are reviewed. The incidence nad the prevalence among the mentally retarded population amounted to 1/45,000 and 1.5/1000, respectively. No striking association with prenatal events, parental ages, or birth order could be demonstrated. There was a significant excess of females. Parental translocations were present in slightly more than 10% of the families, while more rare cytogenetic aberrations (mosaicism, rings, and de novo translocations) accounted for less than 10% of all cases. The phenotypically relevant segment has been narrowed down to the midportion of the 5p15 band. Clinical, radiologic, and dermatoglyphic features are summarized and discussed, with special attention to the abnormal cry, which persists in many older probands, and to developmental abnormalities. No obvious correlation could be detected between clinical features and the localization of the deletion. No marker locus has yet been assigned to the short arm of chromosome 5. Treatment and prevention are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship among environmental and demographic variables and teacher-rated hyperactivity.

This study assessed the role of environmental and demographic factors in the occurrence of teacher-rated hyperactivity. The subject group consisted of 79 hyperactive and 81 nonhyperactive children ranging from 5 to 12 years of age. Parents of the subjects were interviewed to obtain information regarding the environmental and demographic factors of sex, race, birth order, number of siblings, frequency of change of residence, income level, mother's age, father's age, educational level of mother, educational level of father, parents' marital status, and the method of child discipline used in the home. Comparison between the the hyperactive and nonhyperactive groups suggested nonsignificant differences with the exception of sex (p less than .001), in which the ratio of hyperactive males to hyperactive females was 5:1.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[On the origin of meiotic errors with special reference to trisomy 21 (author's transl)].

The origin of the supernumetary chromosome 21 in Down's syndrome was traced by the use of polymorphic regions of this chromosome. The present results interpretated in the light of the extensive literature may be summarized as follows; 1. The meiotic error involved in trisomy 21 can take place in both sexes and occurs at random. It occurs twice as frequently in the female than in the male. This situation is paralleled by the 2:1 ratio found in XXY-syndrome concerning the supernumerary X. 2. In both sexes non-disjunction occurred twice as frequently in the first than in the second meiotic division. 3. The rate of meiotic errors is largely dependent on age. The present study confirms the increase in meiotic errors with age of mother; moreover, increasing age of the father seems to enhance non-disjunction in spermatogenesis. Trisomy 21 on the basis of sporadic translocation in the child seems to be independent of the parental age. The present study includes two cases of translocation 21/21. In both cases the errors took place in mothers aged 18 and 19, respectively. 4. A new finding consists in the observation that previous pregnancies and deliveries may influence errors in oogenesis. In cases of maternal origin significantly more previous pregnancies and deliveries were found than in cases of trisomy of paternal origin. 5. A study of quinacrine polymorphism of chromosome numbers 1, 3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22 and Y showed no significant difference between parents of children with Down's syndrome and controls. Moreover, the parents in whom the non-disjunction exists in parents of trisomic children, it cannot be detected by such methods. Recent observations made in the course of prenatal diagnosis contradict such an individual predisposition. The present results, after confirmation and augmentation, especially by implementation of biochemical methods, should prove of importance in genetic counseling and as guidelines in the indications for prenatal diagnosis.

Adolescent↗