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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals PEX11B as a host restriction factor against ORFV through membrane fluidity regulation.

Host-pathogen interactions are shaped by cellular restriction factors that direct antiviral defenses. We built the first ovine genome-wide CRISPR knockout library in sheep testis (OA3.Ts) cells, targeting all protein-coding genes. Using this platform, we identified PEX11B, a peroxisomal membrane regulatory protein, as a strong restriction factor against orf virus (ORFV) infection. Removing PEX11B increased viral susceptibility and triggered severe cytopathic effects with membrane fusion and syncytia formation. Mechanistic studies showed that PEX11B knockout harmed peroxisomal integrity and disrupted lipid metabolism. This led to greater plasma membrane fluidity, creating a proviral environment that allowed more viral entry and replication. These results reveal a new antiviral function for PEX11B in blocking viral infection and underscore the importance of peroxisomal regulation in host-virus interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Estimating the impact of parvovirus B19 outbreaks on congenital anomalies and fetal outcomes in Wales.

OBJECTIVES: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common infection that can cause complications in pregnancy. Outbreaks of B19V in Europe and the UK were recorded in 2024. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of maternal parvovirus in Wales and to investigate associated fetal outcomes widely and in 2024 specifically. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. METHODS: All cases of maternal B19V reported to the Congenital Anomaly Register Information Service (CARIS) were analysed. Maternal risk factors included gestational age at the time of infection and maternal age. Spatio-temporal analysis was performed to look for clusters. Poisson regression was used to model incidence of maternal B19V over time. Fetal outcomes were tested for association with risk factors using linear regression and Fisher's exact test. Outcomes and congenital anomalies were descriptively analysed. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2025, there were 79 cases of maternal B19V across 81 fetuses, mostly reported in South Wales (74/81, 91.3%). There were 24 (29.6%) cases of at least one confirmed congenital anomaly and 57 (70.3%) cases reporting no anomalies; 53 (93%) of these cases had a positive outcome. Congenital anomalies were associated with worse fetal outcomes. Excluding terminations, the overall fetal survival rate was 88%. No association between maternal risk factors and fetal outcome was identified. There was an increase in cases in 2024 with an increase in fetal losses. CONCLUSIONS: The 2024 European B19V outbreak led to an increase in maternal cases and negative fetal outcomes in Wales.

Humans↗
PubMed2024

N6-methyladenosine modification of a parvovirus-encoded small noncoding RNA facilitates viral DNA replication through recruiting Y-family DNA polymerases.

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a human parvovirus that causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children. It contains a single-stranded (ss) DNA genome of ~5.5 kb that encodes a small noncoding RNA of 140 nucleotides known as bocavirus-encoded small RNA (BocaSR), in addition to viral proteins. Here, we determined the secondary structure of BocaSR in vivo by using DMS-MaPseq. Our findings reveal that BocaSR undergoes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification at multiple sites, which is critical for viral DNA replication in both dividing HEK293 cells and nondividing cells of the human airway epithelium. Mechanistically, we found that m6A-modified BocaSR serves as a mediator for recruiting Y-family DNA repair DNA polymerase (Pol) η and Pol κ likely through a direct interaction between BocaSR and the viral DNA replication origin at the right terminus of the viral genome. Thus, this report represents direct involvement of a viral small noncoding RNA in viral DNA replication through m6A modification.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

The efficacy of two commercial feline rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-panleukopenia vaccines.

The efficacy of two commercial feline vaccines was determined by challenging vaccinated and unvaccinated cats sequentially with a virulent feline calicivirus and rhinotracheitis virus. Serological responses to these viruses as well as to panleuk openia virus were also measured. Results show significant protection and satisfactory serological responses are conferred by both vaccines. One vaccine showed significant superiority in protection against feline viral rhinotracheitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Identification of aviadenovirus and dependoparvovirus in an Adélie penguin fecal sample from Cape Royds (Ross Island, Antarctica).

Adenoviruses (Adenoviridae) and their associated replication-deficient dependoparvoviruses (Parvoviridae) are recognized as significant components of the avian virome. While well-studied in domestic birds, these viruses remain underexplored in wild Antarctic birds. Information is limited on viruses circulating in penguins, particularly outside of the Antarctic Peninsula Region. Here we leverage a fecal sample collected for diet analyses to identify an aviadenovirus (37,731 nt) and two distinct dependoparvoviruses. The Ad&#xe9;lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) feces-derived adenovirus exhibits a genome organization consistent with members of the genus Aviadenovirus but shares only ~64% amino acid identity in the DNA polymerase protein with its closest known relative and thus represents a new species of aviadenovirus identified in penguins. Additionally, we identified two new dependoparvoviruses, one in length of 4,869 nt and a second of 4,162 nt. These two dependoparvoviruses are diverse, sharing <61% Rep amino acid identity with those of other dependoparvoviruses. Penguin dependoparvovirus 1 represents a new species. The co-detection of these viruses in a single seasonal sample could suggest a potential helper-satellite relationship in Ad&#xe9;lie penguins. This study provides the first evidence of aviadenoviruses in Ad&#xe9;lie penguin feces. These findings highlight the importance of surveillance to understand pathogen dynamics in isolated Antarctic populations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Travelers' diarrhea (author's transl)].

"Travelers' diarrhea" is an acute diarrhea sometimes associated with vomiting and afflicting travelers recently arrived in tropical or subtropical countries. Its incidence ranges from 20 to 50 p. 100. It may cause severe deshydratation which is dangerous for third age tourists with humoral or visceral impairments. Recovery must not be expected before 3 to 10 days. Viruses do not seem frequently responsible and, among other causes (salmonellae, shigellae, staphylococci), colibacilli have a main role. They give cholera-like syndromes due to two enterotoxines. Treatment is symptomatic. Prophylaxis is important and chemical drugs as methyl-5-oxine must be prescribed rather than antibiotics which may induce resistances.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1977

Viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in young children.

Conventional virologic investigations generally failed to implicate viruses as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. When negative-contrast stain electron microscopy was used for the examination of stool samples from affected patients, several candidate etiologic agents were discovered. Rotavirus (otherwise known as orbivirus, reo-like agent, and infantile gastroenteritis virus) emerged as an important causative agent. In a considerable number of patients, however, no causative agent was identified. Several other candidate etiologic viruses now "stand in the wings" awaiting additional evidence as to their role in the pathogenesis of acute gastroenteritis. In a study period of 12 months, 669 patients were found to be shedding virus in association with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and temperature elevation. Approximately one third of these patients acquired their infection in hospital.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of avian adeno-associated virus on pathogenicity of Tipton virus in chicks.

The avian adeno-associated virus (A-AV) reduced the pathogenicity of an adenovirus infection in vivo. Groups of chicks were infected with Tipton virus alone or in combination with high or low doses of A-AV. In both trials, the associated virus delayed and reduced chick mortality. This effect was dose-dependent and significant at the higher dose level.

Adenoviridae Infections↗