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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Developing drug literatures. 1. Bibliometrics of baclofen and dantrolene sodium.

The literatures of two antispastic drugs, baclofen and dantrolene sodium, were studied bibliometrically for their first decade and were found to be generally similar. Baclofen had 93 papers and dantrolene sodium had 70. About a quarter of the baclofen papers were in a foreign language, whereas almost all dantrolene sodium papers were in English. Baclofen literature had a lower nonscholarly content, but the scholarly increase, 5%, was the same for both. Both drugs had an average of 12 references per paper. The literatures of both drugs had a similar degree of internal cohesiveness; almost half of their papers referred to other papers in the same drug collection. The first human paper for baclofen was the second published; for dantrolene sodium, it was the eleventh. The distribution of journals carrying papers on each of these drugs followed Bradford's law. Two authors per paper was the average for each drug. The productivity of authors approximated Lotka's law for both drugs. About two-thirds of the papers of both drugs had a drug-word in their titles. The literature of both drugs contained about 15% legendary papers, typical of clinical pharmacology. The most intense papers, 15 for baclofen and 11 for dantrolene sodium, were identified, using citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation frequencies. A generalization predicts what might be expected from the literature of future antispastic drugs.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increased reliability of the legal protection of Soviet inventions in the field of microbiology].

The reliability of juridical protection of microbiological inventions which may result in the production of a commercial product is discussed in the paper. If the structure of an invention is strain-method-product, then juridical protection of each of the objects is possible. Protection of a product would be most reliable, but this is not always possible. Protection of a microbial strain is less typical of an invention, and is not reliable. Protection of a microbiological method of production has advantages over protection of a microbial strain since, in this case, the theory of equivalents can be applied.

Legislation as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems of protecting complex inventions in the field of microbiology].

Some problems are discussed which are connected with the protection of inventions in the field of microbiology when the invention is complex. The rights of the author are determined when a method and a product are to be protected at the same time. The additional juridical protection of a microbial strain is not necessary. The complex protection of a microbial strain and the method of its utilization is recommended in certain cases since it might prevent conflicts which arise upon the parallel juridical protection of a strain and the method of its utilization.

Legislation as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Patent reports.

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Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Beyond the college walls.

The author outlines historical and current reasons that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and academic medicine are inherently political and are now facing expanding political exposure. She emphasizes especially the power of modern discoveries in biology; this power stems from the many practical benefits that these discoveries can bring and their economic implications, and the growing public awareness of these benefits and implications. She then discusses the political realities of the biomedical enterprise, illustrating them by describing the nature of issues surrounding (1) the NIH budget and (2) technology transfer. Discussion of the latter topic includes a detailed description of controversies about patents (which revolve around the issue of who owns and controls the distribution and use of scientific information) and several important policy issues that are raised by these controversies (e.g., should there be uniform international policies regarding intellectual property rights associated with discoveries of novel biologically expressed genes of uncertain in-vivo function, and if so, how is that achieved?). The author concludes by stating that these examples of the politics of knowledge and of the NIH are among many vital biomedical issues of American life (which she lists) that require the academic medicine community to look beyond its own walls and participate in the complex world of politics and public policy.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Patent reports.

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Animals↗
PubMed1992

Gene patents.

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Federal Government↗