PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pathology”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recruitment of pathology trainees. Recent trends from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen's Survey of first-year pathology residents.

The evolving pathology manpower shortage requires that we examine recruitment issues closely. We present data from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire and analyze the most important recruitment patterns. Of 685 first-year pathology residents in 1989, 451 (66%) responded to the survey. When compared with other specialties, 1989 pathology residents are older (mean age, 30.1 years), more frequently women (38%), more often foreign medical graduates (23%), and more commonly have MD/PhD degrees (7.8%). Among pathology residents, the fifth year of required training is the most important negative factor in choosing pathology. Over 50% of 1989 first-year pathology residents changed their mind about another specialty to enter pathology; 37% chose pathology only after graduating from medical school. In 1988 and 1989, 63% of first-year pathology residents responding to the Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire indicated that role models were an important factor in their specialty choice. The most typical role model was a male pathologist, approximately 47 to 48 years old. Role model influence tended to be greater for those residents who decided to enter pathology earlier in medical school. Nevertheless, over 50% of those residents who decided to enter pathology after medical school claimed that role model influence was important in their choice. Role models remain a valuable resource for improved recruitment into pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Considerations on a pathology of the diaphragm. 1st Report: the pathology of the diaphragm as a part of a pathology of respiration (author's transl)].

The first part of this paper deals with the idea of a "pathology of the diaphragm" and its special relations to the respiration on phylogenetical and ontogenetical base. A pathology of diaphragm does not exist until now. The diaphragm represents an important respiration organ in orthological and pathological conditions. The function of this organ is described and derivated from its specific anatomical structure and topographical site. In this conception the pathology of the diaphragm is a part of the complex pathology of the respiration. A systematic presentation of diaphragm diseases will follow in a second part of this paper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathological gambling: a clinical and therapeutic-evolutive study of a group of pathologic gamblers].

Gambling dependence or pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder, recognised as such by the North American Psychiatric Association since 1980. Since 1981 we are carrying out a treatment program for patients who suffer from pathological gambling at the Psychiatric Service of "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital. There is an individualized treatment for each patient and their inclusion in group therapy discussions. We present a descriptive study of the most representative socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic-evolutive data of 46 patients following treatment in our program. All fulfill the diagnostic criteria of DSM III-R for pathological gambling. They were 37 males and 9 females, with an average age of 39 years. More than half of the patients (58%) were consumers of alcoholic beverages; the drug consumption index found was 4% and practically they all were smokers (87%). The excessive drinking and pathological gambling incidence found among family were 35% and 20% respectively. Our therapeutic results support the idea that pathological gambling is a treatable disorder. After an average of two years following treatment 46% of our patients stopped or notably reduced its impulse to gamble. The high incidence of alcohol or drugs consumption among pathological gamblers and their families suggest a biological and psychological relationship between pathological gambling and the classical addictive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Pathology in the U.S.A. A glut of pathologists, the role of the autopsy and the future of the "clinical pathology"].

This analysis deals with selected questions regarding the status of pathology in the United States. For a long time, the number of pathologists, both in practice and in training, had been deemed inadequate, but present trends indicate the existence of a considerable surplus of specialists in this discipline. The autopsy is still an important field of endeavor for the American pathologist even tbhough autopsy rates have drastically declined everywhere and the exact role of this procedure is being reevaluated. The concept of "clinical pathology" which seeks to encompass a whole conglomerate of heterogeneous disciplines and still dominates the practice of pathology in North America has come under attack; some observers plead for the total separation of laboratory medicine from pathology as well as for the systematic and intensive development of subspecialties within the field of pathology.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1979

[The development of child pathology within the framework of pathology and pediatrics. A medico-historical review].

1. The history of child pathology is derived from the description of the development of the an pathological anatomy and paediatry. 2. The pathological anatomy of infancy is basing on the research results of the general and special pathology, the pathological physiology and the clinical medicine by the help of the experiment and the knowledges of biology, chemistry, and physics. 3. Further decisive impulses are given by social medicine.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suggested procedures for reducing the pathology workload in a carcinogen bioassay program, Part II: Incorporating blind pathology techniques and analysis for animals with tumors.

Large testing programs have been set up to help assess the carcinogenic potential of chemicals introduced into the environment. Most test protocols used in these programs require extensive pathologic evaluations of all test and control animals. In Part I we proposed modifications to such complete pathology protocols which would allow substantial reduction in pathology workload while making only small changes in the operational character of the screen. The modifications suggested did require that slides from controls and treatment animals be handled differently and they did not call for a total tumor analysis (i.e. they do not allow blind pathology). In this paper we discuss how blind pathology can be incorporated and suggest a procedure to recover the "total tumor" aspect. It is emphasized that these modifications should be regarded as a starting point for further discussion and that we encourage comments from all interested scientists.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The tasks of pathological anatomy (pathology) in the medical college and the possible means for their resolution].

The course of pathologic anatomy in medical students' training is unsatisfactory as it doesn't cover many aspects of present-day human pathology. The graduates lack necessary knowledge in general and special pathology. The existing system of pathologist training is deficient, it should last for at least 4 years (subinternship, internship, clinical internship). Coordinated plans of advanced training of both the teachers and the pathologists are necessary. The relationships between chairs and bureaus of pathology should be systematized and creation of educational-scientific-practical complexes validated.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pathological process. V. Experimental modelling in pathology: general theoretical problems.

The theoretical analysis of the characteristic features of pathological processes is being continued with the experimental modelling of the pathological process, with emphasis on gnoseological and heuristic aims. The paper discusses: the compulsory working hypothesis which includes the known and the probable data resulting from the observation of phenomena, the qualities and value of the experimentation for the verification of the working hypothesis, the general features of the experimental modelling in pathology and its purposes, the types of experimental models (simple, two times perturbing and complex) with exemplification and discussion of qualities and limits, the general evaluation and limits of experimental models, the practical elaboration of experimental models with emphasis on the main rational operations, like the choice of animals, of the ways of administration of perturbing agents, of experimental and control lots, of sacrification modalities, as well as the relevance of the experimental results for enlarging the knowledge of the pathological process investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dry chemistry pathology in general practice. An assessment of utilisation, perceptions and impact on patient care. Non-Laboratory Pathology Working Party of the National Health Technology Advisory Panel.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of the introduction of dry chemistry pathology in general practice. DESIGN AND SETTING: A two-period crossover trial in two groups of general practices. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight general practices with an interest in participating in a trial of the new technology were selected from practices related to the coordinating hospitals. INTERVENTION: Each practice was observed in its usual operation for one of the two study periods and observed using a dry chemistry analyser during the other. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory pathology tests and analyser tests were recorded during the study period. General practice records were searched to assess the impact of dry chemistry pathology on the detection of new disease (anaemia) and the control of existing disease (diabetes; and hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia). Questionnaires were given to patients and general practitioners to assess their perceptions of the new technology. Imprecision of the analysers was assessed by use of their internal control material and inaccuracy was assessed by split sample analysis in comparison with standard laboratory tests. RESULTS: Use of analysers was associated with a 2% non-significant reduction in the use of laboratory tests. For those tests with a direct analyser equivalent, there was a 9% and 13% reduction in biochemical and haematological tests respectively. However, there was a 46% increase in the total number of biochemical tests--by laboratory or analyser--during the period when analysers were available. No effect on the detection of new disease or the control of existing disease was observed. Patients rated analysers highly and rated laboratory tests less highly when analysers were available. General practitioners typically reported that the analysers made a minor contribution to their practice and did not fit in easily. The level of analytical reliability of the analysers was not always acceptable. CONCLUSION: General practices varied greatly in their use of the analysers. This experience of dry chemistry pathology in general practice suggests that its application is limited.

Anemia↗
PubMed1985

The treatment of pathologic and impending pathologic fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly.

Forty-eight pathologic and impending pathologic fractures of the proximal femur were surgically treated in 38 patients averaging 70 years of age. The most common tumors were breast (45%), multiple myeloma (24%), and lung (11%). Tumor size, aggressiveness, and location influenced the type of fixation. Sixty-four percent of the lesions were treated by flexible intramedullary nails. This "stress sharing" device afforded sufficient stability to provide pain relief, restore function, and permit healing. Pain was relieved in 92% of the patients, and 84% became ambulatory. The rate of fracture union for patients surviving more than two months was 89%. The average postsurgical survival was nine months. Internal fixation of pathologic and impending pathologic fractures has been recommended in the literature and should not be precluded by advanced age.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Teaching pathology in the 21st century: assessment of required student use of interactive videodiscs designed to teach basic pathology.

A series of 11 computer-controlled optical videodisc modules in basic medical pathology was developed to be used as self-study materials. There are approximately 70 medical schools in the United States, Canada, the Philippines, and Europe currently participating in field testing this series. In the fall of 1988, second-year medical students at the University of Arkansas College of Medicine used five of these modules in place of traditional lectures during the pathology course. A pretest was administered to students prior to use of modules. Each student then used the interactive modules for individual study. Each module presented a brief pretest, an interactive study lesson, and a posttest, each of which generated a score for the student. In addition, after completion of all five modules, students were given a posttest which was included in their first scheduled course examination. At the end of the course, questions concerning the videodisc material were presented on the final exam to test long-term retention. Students also completed attitudinal questionnaires about their experience using the videodisc modules. Results of the data collected indicate significant improvement in knowledge base by students using these interactive videodisc modules. Analysis of student attitudinal reactions was also positive. Optical videodisc computer-directed learning appears to be well-suited for medical student instruction in pathology.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

Academic manpower survey of 1990: I. Descriptors of departments of pathology in the United States (from the Joint Task Force on Pathology Manpower ASCP/CAP/APC).

A survey of chairmen of United States departments of pathology (97% response rate) augmented with data from the Association of American Medical Colleges shows that roughly two thirds (65%) of departmental faculty are physicians, the great majority of whom are pathologists. Most of the remainder are persons with solely the PhD degree (26.4% of faculty). The composition of departments of pathology in terms of age, gender, ethnic origin, academic rank, and tenure status is also reported. In contrast to a comparable survey performed 5 years previously, the present report shows that in 1989, departments of pathology contained (1) 20.6% more faculty positions, (2) a greater proportion of faculty members with a PhD degree, (3) greater numbers of open positions, and (4) a probable increase in the proportion of faculty that are female and that are of an ethnic minority.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Why manpower surveys in pathology? Use of the National Pathology Manpower Database.

The National Pathology Manpower Database was developed in 1986 as a representative subset of pathologists engaged in community hospital and private laboratory practice. Manpower surveys in 1987, 1988, and again in 1991 using the National Pathology Manpower Database have consistently shown a greater projected attrition in the number of pathologists from this practice setting than the number of new pathologists entering the specialty. Without periodic surveys of pathologists using a valid sample such as the National Pathology Manpower Database, it is likely that future decisions regarding the supply and need for pathologists would be based on the American Medical Association Master File of Physicians that does not specify practice activity or reflect any manpower kinetics.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1976

The future of pathology: a Delphi study by pathology department chairmen.

This paper reports the results of a study by and of chairmen of pathology departments in American and Canadian medical schools directed toward discovering chairmen's perceptions and attitudes about the future of pathology. Over 100 of a total of 143 chairmen participated in some or all phases of this study in which the Delphi approach was used. Sixty-five chairmen completed all four rounds of questionnaires. Most chairmen are deeply concerned about increasing federal regulation of medicine. They expect to play a greater role in all phases of medical education with more emphasis on the basic science aspects of pathology. They also foresee a desirable shifting of residency training programs away from small hospitals to the larger medical centers. This shift will result in fewer but longer training programs.

Attitude↗