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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recruitment of pathology trainees. Recent trends from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen's Survey of first-year pathology residents.

The evolving pathology manpower shortage requires that we examine recruitment issues closely. We present data from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire and analyze the most important recruitment patterns. Of 685 first-year pathology residents in 1989, 451 (66%) responded to the survey. When compared with other specialties, 1989 pathology residents are older (mean age, 30.1 years), more frequently women (38%), more often foreign medical graduates (23%), and more commonly have MD/PhD degrees (7.8%). Among pathology residents, the fifth year of required training is the most important negative factor in choosing pathology. Over 50% of 1989 first-year pathology residents changed their mind about another specialty to enter pathology; 37% chose pathology only after graduating from medical school. In 1988 and 1989, 63% of first-year pathology residents responding to the Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire indicated that role models were an important factor in their specialty choice. The most typical role model was a male pathologist, approximately 47 to 48 years old. Role model influence tended to be greater for those residents who decided to enter pathology earlier in medical school. Nevertheless, over 50% of those residents who decided to enter pathology after medical school claimed that role model influence was important in their choice. Role models remain a valuable resource for improved recruitment into pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

PhD graduate training programs in pathology: 2003 report from the American Society for Investigative Pathology workshop on pathology graduate education.

Graduate training is one of the most important activities in which we engage. Through PhD training programs in pathology, we continually renew the intellectual vigor of our discipline and assure its position as a vibrant force in the life sciences. To focus on this important issue, the Education Committee of the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP) organized a workshop on April 11, 2003 for pathology graduate program directors from across the United States and Canada. The goals of this workshop were to better define the current models of pathology graduate training programs, to identify key issues pertaining to the curriculum of pathology training programs and strategies to better market pathology graduate training opportunities, and to identify challenges for the future. Twenty-three program directors and other faculty interested in pathology graduate education, as well as 2 invited PhD students, attended the workshop. Workshop participants concluded that the integration of more and better disease-related education into graduate training programs would attract more and better-qualified students into pathology career pathways that will ultimately fulfill important societal needs and train future leaders of the biomedical research community. The ASIP is facilitating this goal by taking a leadership role in publicizing educational efforts in pathology and by making systematic use of its Website for sharing information about curriculum ideas and materials, as well as course syllabi.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1995

Organized quantitative pathology. Short review of the activities of the Committee for Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology from 1981 to the foundation of the International Society of Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology in 1994.

The Committee for Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology (CDQP), known originally as the Committee for Diagnostic Morphometry, ceased to exist under the original title and was converted to the International Society for Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology (ISDQP) in Amsterdam, September 14, 1994. The history of this society started in 1981 in a conference < > held at Koli, Finland. Since the original meeting the group of quantitative pathologists organized yearly gatherings: Symposia on Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology (earlier known as Symposia on Morphometry in Morphological Diagnosis) every other year, and meetings in association with the European Society of Pathology Congresses in the intervening years. In 1981, the symposium had 23 participants, in 1994, the International Society for Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology had over 300 members from six continents. During the short period of its existence the society has witnessed a steadily growing trend in educational courses on quantitative pathology. The general policy of the Committee, now Society, has willingly supported all activities which can be expected to lead to valuable results in quantitative microscopy and associated fields either through development of education, methodology or practical applications. By arranging a course of Diagnostic Quantitative Pathology the society participates in the activities of the European School of Pathology in Torino. The next symposia of the Society will be arranged in Heidelberg, October 1995 and in Sendai, Japan, October/November 1996.

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dementia with Lewy bodies showing advanced Lewy pathology but minimal Alzheimer pathology--Lewy pathology causes neuronal loss inducing progressive dementia.

The present study concerns an autopsied case of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) showing advanced Lewy pathology but minimal Alzheimer pathology. The patient was a 50-year-old Japanese male without inheritance. His initial symptoms at the age of 43 suggested the diagnosis ofjuvenile idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), but were followed by memory disturbance 1 year later. He showed parkinsonism, dementia, personality change, fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations 3 years later. Neuroradiological examination revealed moderate brain atrophy, predominantly in the frontal and temporal lobes. Neuropathological examination demonstrated a widespread occurrence of Lewy bodies (LB) with LB-related neurites not only in the brainstem but also in the cerebrum. The present case showed Lewy pathology which corresponded to stage IV by our staging and was parallel to neuronal loss. There was marked neuronal loss with many LB-related neurites in the CA2 of the hippocampus. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were almost restricted to the entorhinal cortex, while senile plaques were absent. Consequently, the present case was pathologically diagnosed as having DLB of the neocortical type, pure form. In the present study, we suggest that Lewy pathology in the cerebral cortex could be responsible for progressive dementia.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Considerations on a pathology of the diaphragm. 1st Report: the pathology of the diaphragm as a part of a pathology of respiration (author's transl)].

The first part of this paper deals with the idea of a "pathology of the diaphragm" and its special relations to the respiration on phylogenetical and ontogenetical base. A pathology of diaphragm does not exist until now. The diaphragm represents an important respiration organ in orthological and pathological conditions. The function of this organ is described and derivated from its specific anatomical structure and topographical site. In this conception the pathology of the diaphragm is a part of the complex pathology of the respiration. A systematic presentation of diaphragm diseases will follow in a second part of this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Medical students' perceptions of pathology and the effect of the second-year pathology course.

To explore the perceptions of medical students regarding pathology and the effect of the sophomore pathology course, a questionnaire was given to second-year students from 5 different medical schools at the beginning and again at the completion of their pathology course. The questionnaire was given to students in the class of 1995 and then again for those in the class of 2002, with nearly 1,500 surveys collected over the study period. The survey included questions that sought to determine students' affinity for pathology, their understanding of the typical duties of a pathologist, and how they viewed pathology relative to other specialties and perceived positives and negatives of being a pathologist. Overall, the second-year pathology course had little effect on medical students' perceptions of pathology but did provide some increase in their understanding of pathology as a profession. Responses were in general stable when comparing the different classes. Those students interested in pathology emphasized the intellectual aspects of pathology although being less deterred by negative factors such as limited patient contact. In our sample of medical schools, the sophomore pathology course was ineffective at influencing students' perceptions of pathology. Furthermore, those students who are interested in pathology are drawn because of a perceived fit between their personalities and the perception of pathology as a solely scholarly and isolated specialty. Better education about the practice of pathology in the second year, and more importantly, continuing into the clinical years, is necessary to combat these misconceptions about pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

New developments in digital pathology: from telepathology to virtual pathology laboratory.

AIMS: To analyse the present status and future development of computerized diagnostic pathology in terms of work-flow integrative telepathology and virtual laboratory. PRESENT STATUS: Telepathology has left its childhood. The technical development of telepathology is mature, in contrast to that of virtual pathology. Two kinds of virtual pathology laboratories are emerging: a) those with distributed pathologists and distributed (>=1) laboratories associated to individual biopsy stations/surgical theatres, and b) distributed pathologists working in a centralized laboratory. Both are under technical development. Telepathology can be used for e-learning and e-training in pathology, as exemplarily demonstrated on Digital Lung Pathology Pathology (www.pathology-online.org). FEATURES OF VIRTUAL PATHOLOGY: A virtual pathology institution (mode a) accepts a complete case with the patient's history, clinical findings, and (pre-selected) images for first diagnosis. The diagnostic responsibility is that of a conventional institution. The internet serves as platform for information transfer, and an open server such as the iPATH (http://telepath.patho.unibas.ch) for coordination and performance of the diagnostic procedure. The size of images has to be limited, and usual different magnifications have to be used. A group of pathologists is "on duty", or selects one member for a predefined duty period. The diagnostic statement of the pathologist(s) on duty is retransmitted to the sender with full responsibility. First experiences of a virtual pathology institution group working with the iPATH server (Dr. L. Banach, Dr. G. Haroske, Dr. I. Hurwitz, Dr. K. Kayser, Dr. K.D. Kunze, Dr. M. Oberholzer,) working with a small hospital of the Salomon islands are promising. A centralized virtual pathology institution (mode b) depends upon the digitalisation of a complete slide, and the transfer of large sized images to different pathologists working in one institution. The technical performance of complete slide digitalisation is still under development and does not completely fulfil the requirements of a conventional pathology institution at present. VIRTUAL PATHOLOGY AND E-LEARNING: At present, e-learning systems are "stand-alone" solutions distributed on CD or via internet. A characteristic example is the Digital Lung Pathology CD (www.pathology-online.org), which includes about 60 different rare and common lung diseases and internet access to scientific library systems (PubMed), distant measurement servers (EuroQuant), or electronic journals (Elec J Pathol Histol). A new and complete data base based upon this CD will combine e-learning and e-teaching with the actual workflow in a virtual pathology institution (mode a). The technological problems are solved and do not depend upon technical constraints such as slide scanning systems. PERSPECTIVES: Telepathology serves as promotor for a new landscape in diagnostic pathology, the so-called virtual pathology institution. Industrial and scientific efforts will probably allow an implementation of this technique within the next two years.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New frontiers in the pathology and therapy of heart valve disease: 2006 Society for Cardiovascular Pathology, Distinguished Achievement Award Lecture, United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, February 12, 2006.

This review summarizes several areas relative to the pathology of heart valve disease in which there has been rapid and ongoing evolution, namely, our understanding of: (a) the dynamic functional biology of cardiac valves; and (b) the pathology/pathobiology of valvular heart diseases; (c) new developments in valve repair and substitution using percutaneous approaches; and (d) progress toward the exciting potential of therapeutic valvular tissue engineering and regeneration, including the challenges that will need to be overcome before such therapeutic advances can become clinically useful.

Heart Valve Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From telepathology to virtual pathology institution: the new world of digital pathology.

Telepathology has left its childhood. Its technical development is mature, and its use for primary (frozen section) and secondary (expert consultation) diagnosis has been expanded to a great amount. This is in contrast to a virtual pathology laboratory, which is still under technical constraints. Similar to telepathology, which can also be used for e-learning and e-training in pathology, as exemplarily is demonstrated on Digital Lung Pathology (Klaus.Kayser@charite.de) at least two kinds of virtual pathology laboratories will be implemented in the near future: a) those with distributed pathologists and distributed (> or = 1) laboratories associated to individual biopsy stations/surgical theatres, and b) distributed pathologists (usually situated in one institution) and a centralized laboratory, which digitizes complete histological slides. Both scenarios are under intensive technical investigations. The features of virtual pathology comprise a virtual pathology institution (mode a) that accepts a complete case with the patient's history, clinical findings, and (pre-selected) images for first diagnosis. The diagnostic responsibility is that of a conventional institution. The Internet serves as platform for information transfer, and an open server such as the iPATH (http://telepath.patho.unibas.ch) for coordination and performance of the diagnostic procedure. The size and number of transferred images have to be limited, and usual different magnifications have to be used. The sender needs to possess experiences in image sampling techniques, which present with the most significant information. A group of pathologists is "on duty", or selects one member for a predefined duty period. The diagnostic statement of the pathologist(s) on duty is retransmitted to the sender with full responsibility. The first experiences of a virtual pathology institution group working with the iPATH server working with a small hospital of the Salomon islands are promising. A centralized virtual pathology institution (mode b) depends upon the digitalization of a complete slide, and the transfer of large sized images to different pathologists working in one institution. The technical performance of complete slide digitalization is still under development. Virtual pathology can be combined with e-learning and e-training, that will serve for a powerful daily-work-integrated pathology system. At present, e-learning systems are "stand-alone" solutions distributed on CD or via Internet. A characteristic example is the Digital Lung Pathology CD, which includes about 60 different rare and common lung diseases with some features of electronic communication. These features include access to scientific library systems (PubMed), distant measurement servers (EuroQuant), automated immunohisto-chemistry measurements, or electronic journals (Elec J Pathol Histol, www.pathology-online.org). It combines e-learning and e-training with some acoustic support. A new and complete database based upon this CD will combine e-learning and e-teaching with the actual workflow in a virtual pathology institution (mode a). The technological problems are solved and do not depend upon technical constraints such as slide scanning systems. At present, telepathology serves as promoter for a complete new landscape in diagnostic pathology, the so-called virtual pathology institution. Industrial and scientific efforts will probably allow an implementation of this technique within the next two years with exciting diagnostic and scientific perspectives.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

Pathology informatics questions and answers from the University of Pittsburgh pathology residency informatics rotation.

CONTEXT: Effective pathology practice increasingly requires familiarity with concepts in medical informatics that may cover a broad range of topics, for example, traditional clinical information systems, desktop and Internet computer applications, and effective protocols for computer security. To address this need, the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pa) includes a full-time, 3-week rotation in pathology informatics as a required component of pathology residency training. OBJECTIVE: To teach pathology residents general informatics concepts important in pathology practice. DESIGN: We assess the efficacy of the rotation in communicating these concepts using a short-answer examination administered at the end of the rotation. Because the increasing use of computers and the Internet in education and general communications prior to residency training has the potential to communicate key concepts that might not need additional coverage in the rotation, we have also evaluated incoming residents' informatics knowledge using a similar pretest. DATA SOURCES: This article lists 128 questions that cover a range of topics in pathology informatics at a level appropriate for residency training. These questions were used for pretests and posttests in the pathology informatics rotation in the Pathology Residency Program at the University of Pittsburgh for the years 2000 through 2002. With slight modification, the questions are organized here into 15 topic categories within pathology informatics. The answers provided are brief and are meant to orient the reader to the question and suggest the level of detail appropriate in an answer from a pathology resident. RESULTS: A previously published evaluation of the test results revealed that pretest scores did not increase during the 3-year evaluation period, and self-assessed computer skill level correlated with pretest scores, but all pretest scores were low. Posttest scores increased substantially, and posttest scores did not correlate with the self-assessed computer skill level recorded at pretest time. CONCLUSIONS: Even residents who rated themselves high in computer skills lacked many concepts important in pathology informatics, and posttest scores showed that residents with both high and low self-assessed skill levels learned pathology informatics concepts effectively.

Internship and Residency↗
PubMed2002

Radical prostatectomy for pathological Gleason 8 or greater prostate cancer: influence of concomitant pathological variables.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term outcome of radical prostatectomy for pathological Gleason score 8 or greater prostate cancer and characterized the prognostic significance of other pathological variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 6,419 patients underwent radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1996. There were 407 patients classified as having pathological Gleason 8 or greater, including 8 in 48%, 9 in 49% and 10 in 3%. Adjuvant treatment was used in 45% of patients and adjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to 155 (38%). Progression-free, including local or systemic, and/or prostate specific antigen (PSA) 0.4 ng./ml. or greater, and cancer specific survival were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. The effect of pathological grade and stage, preoperative PSA, DNA ploidy, margin status, tumor dimension, seminal vesicle invasion, and adjuvant treatment was assessed with the univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Pathological stage distribution was pT2 in 26% of patients, pT3 48% and pTxN+ 27%. Overall and progression-free survival at 10 years was 67% and 36%, respectively, compared to cancer specific survival 85%. Adjuvant treatment, pathological stage, preoperative PSA and pathological grade were significant (less than 0.05) univariate predictors of progression-free survival. Pathological stage, margin status and ploidy were univariately associated with cancer specific survival. Progression-free survival at 10 years of those patients who did and did not receive adjuvant treatment was 52% and 23%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis pathological grade (p=0.02), preoperative PSA (p <0.0001), adjuvant therapy (p <0.0001) and pathological stage (p=0.036) were significant independent predictors of progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: High grade prostate cancer can be controlled with radical prostatectomy in some patients with disease confined pathologically, and 10-year cause specific survival is 96%. Predictors of outcome in patients with Gleason 8 disease or greater are similar to established predictors derived by using all grades. Although adjuvant hormonal therapy appears to improve disease progression rates after radical prostatectomy on the basis of this nonrandomized study, it may not affect prostate cancer death rates within 10 years in patients with high grade cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Pathology data in the central databases of multicenter randomized trials need to be based on pathology reports and controlled by trained quality managers.

PURPOSE: Randomized multicenter trials form the basis of health care development. Regarding cancer research, pathology data are crucial. To maintain the quality of these trials, the auditing of subsequent processes is necessary. The aim of the present study was to examine the completeness and accuracy of data obtained from a special-purpose standardized pathology form compared with the data available through traditional hospital pathology reports. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective comparison of pathology data case record forms with hospital pathology reports was performed using the data from 300 patients with primary rectal cancer. All of these patients had been included in a large multicenter trial in the Netherlands. Three independent audits were carried out. Special attention was given to the accuracy of parameters, which are important for prognosis and treatment decisions. Furthermore, various factors that possibly influence the occurrence of errors were investigated. RESULTS: Quality control of the pathology data revealed a high accuracy of 86.5% of all data items. However, only one third of the forms were complete and correct. Missing values were most prominent in the number of lymph nodes examined, whereas most errors were made in relation to the circumferential margin. Trained review pathologists made fewer major errors. Discrepancies were detected in all control rounds. CONCLUSION: Successive rounds of quality control are required for accuracy and completeness of pathology data in multicenter trials. In addition to the special-purpose pathology forms, original pathology reports have to be collected, and the data should also be controlled by a trained pathology quality manager.

Databases, Factual↗