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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Differentials in survivorship of the older populations among areas within a state. The case of Pennsylvania.

It has often been assumed when making estimates or projections of populations of sub-state areas that survival ratios of the state, region, or even the nation may be used since significant differentials are not expected within the state. The validity of this assumption is questioned, employing single-year-of-age survival ratios estimated for each planning and service area in Pennsylvania. Regression analysis estimations were made to determine whether the survival functions of the areas were statistically the same as the survival functions of the state. The survival functions were partitioned into two groups by age; a 10 to 49 year age group and a 50 to 84+ year age group. Briefly, the results indicated that, at least for Pennsylvania significant differences existed and that these differences are more likely to occur among the older group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania 2021-2024.

SARS-CoV-2 continues to transmit and evolve in humans and animals. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been previously identified as a zoonotic reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 with high rates of infection and probable spillback into humans. Here we report sampling 1,127 white-tailed deer (WTD) in Pennsylvania, and a genomic analysis of viral dynamics spanning 1,017 days between April 2021 and January 2024. To assess viral load and genotypes, RNA was isolated from retropharyngeal lymph nodes and analyzed using RT-qPCR and viral whole genome sequencing. Samples showed a 14.64% positivity rate by RT-qPCR. Analysis showed no association of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence with age, sex, or diagnosis with Chronic Wasting Disease. From the 165 SARS-CoV-2 positive WTD, we recovered 25 whole genome sequences and an additional 17 spike-targeted amplicon sequences. The viral variants identified included 17 Alpha, 11 Delta, and 14 Omicron. Alpha largely stopped circulating in humans around September 2021, but persisted in WTD as recently as March of 2023. Phylodynamic analysis of pooled genomic data from Pennsylvania documents at least 12 SARS-CoV-2 spillovers from humans into WTD, including a recent series of Omicron spillovers. Prevalence was higher in WTD in regions with crop coverage rather than forest, suggesting an association with proximity to humans. Analysis of seasonality showed increased prevalence in winter and spring. Multiple examples of recurrent mutations were identified associated with transmissions, suggesting WTD-specific evolutionary pressures. These data document ongoing infections in white-tailed deer, probable onward transmission in deer, and a remarkable rate of new spillovers from humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The case records of the Psychological Clinic at the University of Pennsylvania (1896-1961).

The case records of the Psychological Clinic of the University of Pennsylvania the first established in this country, have been transferred to microfilm to save them from desctruction. A survey of the records indicate that they may be valuable in both historical and follow-up research. The microfilms can be made available to qualified investigators with worthy projects.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1977

American Burkitt's lymphoma in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

A confirmed case of American Burkitt's lymphoma with jaw involvement in a 12-year-old Caucasian girl from western Pennsylvania is described. There were clinical manifestations in the mandibular quadrants and radiographic manifestations in all mandibular and maxillary quadrants. One of the earliest clinical manifestations of the lymphoma in the mandible was observed by a family dentist. The lymphoma later produced a deterioration of the overlying mandibular mucosa, moderate expansion of the cortex of the mandible, and paresthesia of the lip with probable V3 involvement. Four months after the first admission there were radiographic manifestations of the lymphoma in both the maxillary and mandibular quadrants. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may improve the prognosis.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1979

Eimeria clethrionomysis sp. n., Eimeria gallatii sp. n., Eimeria pileata sp. n. and Eimeria marconii sp. n. from the red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors, from Pennsylvania.

Four new eimerian species are described from red-backed voles, Clethrionomys gapperi in Pennsylvania. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria clethrionomyis sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 18.8 (16.5-21.5) x 14.9 (14.0-16.5) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 10.6 (9.5-12.0) x6.1 (5.5-7.0). The oocyst wall is smooth, with 2 layers, and thins, with terminal cap at one or both ends. Polar granules, dark Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The oocyst residuum is absent. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria gallatii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 27.7 (21-32) x 19.3 (17-24) with ovoid sporocysts, 13.5 (12-15) x 8.8 (8-10). The oocyst wall is smooth, 2-layered, with a micropyle and thin wall at the end opposite the micropyle. Polar granules, Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The oocyst residuum is atypical, of cobwebby material. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria pileata sp. n. are subspherical to spherical, 25.2 (20.5-29.5) x 22.5 (19.5-25.5) with ellipsoidal sporocysts, 13.4(10.5-15.0) x 8.4 (7.5-9.5). The oocyst wall is rough, pitted, striated, 2-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, oocyst and sporocyst residuum, Stieda body and stiedal cap are present. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria marconii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 13.0 (10.5-15-0) x 10.6 (9.5-12.0) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 7.7 (7.0-8.5) x 4.2 (3.0-4.5). The oocyst wall is smooth, single-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, dark Stiedal body and sporocyst residuum are present. There is no oocyst residuum.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An integrated approach to tuberculosis care in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

A significant economization of taxpayers resources (+5.5 million per year) is the result of a major restructuring of the tuberculosis control program in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Concomitantly improved patient management has accelerated the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis while maintaining recommended federal performance standards. The reasons for the success in obtaining this high degree of efficiency are discussed.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1978

Antimicrobial drug usage in general hospitals in Pennsylvania.

The Inter-Society Committee on Antimicrobial Drug Usage has conducted a survey of 20 randomly selected general hospitals in Pennsylvania. Records studied were of 5288 patients who either died or were discharged on 10 random days throughout 1974. About 28% of these patients received at least one antimicrobial drug during hospitalization. In 60% of the patients the drugs were given for treatment of infectious disease; in 30% they were given as prophylaxis for surgical or nonsurgical procedures. Prophylactic treatment was given for more than 2 days after a procedure in most cases, even though it is not considered effective after 48 h. Discontinuing prophylaxis after 48 h would reduce by 20% the use of antimicrobial drugs in hospitals. Overall, ampicillin and the cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed drugs, with the more toxic drugs being used infrequently; over half of the patients given antimicrobial drugs had cultures taken. Both of these findings are consistent with accepted standards for antimicrobial drug usage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in Pennsylvania, 1968-74.

During the 7-year period 1968-74 cases of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) were diagnosed in waterfowl in Pennsylvania. Muscovy ducks were affected in 8 cases, geese in 3 cases, and mallard ducks in 1 case. In 5 of these cases either domestic or wild ducks were closely associated with infected waterfowl but were unaffected.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mortality in nineteenth century America: estimates from New York and Pennsylvania census data, 1865 and 1900.

Given the lack of information on mortality in the nineteenth century United States, it seems appropriate to apply techniques which have been created for mortality estimation for developing nations with inadequate vital registration data, to the historical American experience. Two such related sets of techniques are the brass, Sullivan, and Trussell methods and the technique here called the Surviving Children Method, which utilizes the age structure of surviving children and the number of children ever born to women in various age or duration of marriage categories. Both techniques estimate child mortality. Coale and Demeny model life tables are used to extend child mortality estimates to adult mortality. The techniques are applied to census manuscript samples from seven New York counties in 1865 and seven Pennsylvania counties in 1900, both censuses having information on children ever born. The estimates confirm a drop in mortality between 1865 and 1900 in New York and large differentials between native and foreigh-born populations as well as between rural and urban populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Is nonmetropolitan America being repopulated? The evidence from Pennsylvania's minor civil divisions.

We analyze population change and net migration, by age and sex, from 1940 to 1970, for 1,834 Nonmetropolitan Pennsylvania Minor Civil Divisions (MCD's) classified by residence, population potential, socioeconomic status, and distance from metropolitan centers. Our analysis indicates, as expected, reconcentration of residents from both urban and remoter nonmetropolitan localities into exurban peripheries 25 to 35 miles for metropolitan centers. Since 1960, however, a "turnaround" appears in many truly rural tracts, which have been experiencing an influx or retention of persons 35 years of age and older. Statistical explanations are strongest for males in poor, isolated places, weakest for more accessible, socioeconomically advanced places and their female inhabitants. Throughout the study period and area, nonurban MCD's register more positively than the rural.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, and DDT metabolites in Pennsylvania streams, community water supplies, and reservoirs, 1974--76.

Pennsylvania streams, community water supplies, and open water reservoirs were analyzed for PCB mixtures, DDT, and DDT metabolites. Streams were sampled in 1974 and again in 1975. Only 4 of 19 stream locations were contaminated. Maximum concentrations in community supplies of Aroclor 1242 (2 locations), Aroclor 1254 (3 locations), and sigmaDDT (2 locations) were 350, 260, and 620 ng/kg, respectively. Of the 110 community water supplies sampled in 1975 and 1976, only 7 contained residues. Maximum concentrations in community supplies of Aroclor 1242 (4 locations) and sigmaDDT (2 locations) were 460 ng/kg and 75 ng/kg, respectively. The seventh contained 0.7 ng/kg of dieldrin. None of the three open water reservoirs contained detectable residues of the compounds of interest. Essentially no correlation was found between PCB and DDT analogs in streams and those in fish from streams which had been samples at similar locations in a related study in 1976.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Eimeria azul sp. n. (protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus, in Pennsylvania.

Eimeria azul sp. n. is described from the cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus, in central Pennsylvania. The oval oocysts are 19.5--27.0 micrometer by 15.0--19.0 (mean - 22.9 X 16.7 micrometer). The fusiform sporocysts are 7.8--14.0 micrometer by 3.3--6.5 micrometer (mean = 11.8 X 5.8 micrometer). A Stieda Body is present. There is no micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar granule. The sporocyst has a residuum which is variable in appearance. The oocysts are characterized by a blue tint when viewed with an apochromatic objective lens.

Animals↗