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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus isolated from humans: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis sp. nov., and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus sp. nov.

We describe three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as Peptostreptococcus prevotii. These three organisms were not homologous with previously described type strains of the genus Peptostreptococcus. A total of 12 strains that were identified biochemically as P. prevotii were divided into five independent DNA similarity groups; 10 of these strains were divided into three similarity groups which exhibited significant phenotypic differences from previously described species. Therefore, we propose the following new species: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis for group 1 strains, Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis for group 2 strains, and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus for group 3 strains. The type strain of P. vaginalis is strain GIFU 12669 (= JCM 8138), the type strain of P. lacrimalis is strain GIFU 7667 (= JCM 8139), and the type strain of P. lactolyticus is strain GIFU 8586 (= JCM 8140).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides isolated from root canals of teeth with periapical pathosis.

Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides were isolated in high frequency from root canals with acute periapical inflammation. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of these strains were studied by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of different agents. Although all three kinds of isolates were susceptible to penicillins, the isolates other than black-pigmented Bacteroides were less susceptible to cephems, tetracyclines, and macrorides with several resistant strains. All strains were uniformly resistant to aminoglycosides. Some differences in susceptibilities were observed among species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus, while penicillins were effective for both species. Black-pigmented Bacteroides showed good susceptibilities to all agents except for aminoglycosides. The susceptibility of Bacteroides gingivalis was superior to that of Bacteroides intermedius. There were many resistant strains in non-black-pigmented but not in black-pigmented Bacteroides isolates. Penicillins were the most effective for Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides, indicating that penicillins are suitable for treatment of root canals with acute apical periodontitis.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products.

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) profiles of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products were useful in identifying strains of Peptococcus saccharolyticus, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Streptococcus intermedius. The GLC results supported the recent taxonomic decision to transfer aerotolerant Peptostreptococcus species to the genus Streptococcus. Because inconsistencies in the results prevented our differentiating Peptococcus prevotii. Peptococcus magnus, and Peptococcus variabilis by GLC, additional strains will have to been examined. These GLC techniques are amenable to routine use; however, for interlaboratory results to be meaningful, the classification and nomenclature of the anaerobic gram-positive cocci should be standardized.

Amines↗
PubMed1991

[Acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus].

A very rare case of acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus was reported. A 11-year-old-girl was admitted to our hospital with high grade fever, unconsciousness and rt hemiparesis. CT scans showed the mass effect caused by the subdural empyema over the left frontotemporal region. Subdural empyema was evacuated by the craniotomy. Peptostreptococcus was found in the pus obtained during the operation. However, CT scans 10 days after the operation revealed another subdural empyema in the left frontal base and interhemispheric fissure, which was removed again by the craniotomy using coronal incision 14 days after the first operation. Frontal sinusitis was also demonstrated by CT scan. Killian's operation to the frontal sinusitis was performed by otorhinolaryngologists at the same time. Six weeks after the second operation, she was discharged without any neurological deficits. Peptostreptococcus is one of the indigenous microflora of the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system and may be a causative microorganism in every type of human infection due to its abnormal localization. There is a controversy concerning surgical management subdural empyema. Both the burr hole drainage of pus and the craniotomy are advocated. Associated otorhinologic lesions must not be overlooked. Otorhinologic consultation should immediately be obtained so that the drainage of an infected paranasal or mastoid sinus can be performed at the time of craniotomy. This is critical to prevent the recurrence of the subdural empyema from further extension of the extracranial disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Peptostreptococcus magnus does not cause hematogenous infections in experimental arthroplasties.

Rabbits with cemented endoprostheses in the knee joints were given 1-ml intravenous injections of suspensions containing Peptostreptococcus magnus (3 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml) on three consecutive days seven weeks postoperatively. The animals were killed after another seven weeks. The bacterial challenge did not result in infection. This is in contrast to a previous study using the same experimental system with another anaerobic bacterial species, Propionibacterium acnes, which caused infection in approximately 50% of the animals. Both these bacteria have previously been reported to cause late infections in human arthroplasties. The present results may indicate differences in the spreading mechanisms, i.e., that Peptostreptococcus magnus may have a limited ability to cause hematogenic infections and that late infections of endoprostheses by Peptostreptococcus magnus are due to perioperative contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Plasmid analysis and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Peptostreptococcus species.

There are no published methods on plasmid isolation from Peptostreptococcus spp., therefore two methods of plasmid isolation from this genera were analysed: the boiling and alkaline-SDS methods. Plasmid DNA was not recovered by the boiling method, however, with the alkaline-SDS method, cryptic plasmid DNA was detected in two P. asaccharolyticus and one P. magnus strains. To achieve optimum lysis, Peptostreptococcus cells were treated with lysozyme (2 mg/ml) for 15 min. at 37 degrees C followed by proteinase K (0.2 mg/ml) for 1 h at 37 degrees C. In addition we report, the occurrence of clindamycin or metronidazole-resistant peptostreptococci, but these phenotypes were not correlated with plasmid carriage.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Description of strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius isolated from subcutaneous abscesses in cats.

Strains of Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and of a Gram-positive coccus, which was initially isolated as an anaerobe but grew subsequently as a facultative organism, were isolated from subcutaneous abscesses in cats. The cat strains of Peptostreptococcus gave metabolic fermentation products in combinations described for P. anaerobius. The Streptococcus strains conformed to the group S. intermedius. The facultative organism described had the metabolic products of P. anaerobius but the distinctly different biochemical characteristics of S. intermedius and fits neither of the genera strictly.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

Molecular fingerprinting of isolates of the genus Peptostreptococcus using rRNA genes from Escherichia coli and P. anaerobius.

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of rRNA genes were evaluated as a tool for intra- and interspecies differentiation of Peptostreptococcus isolates. RFLPs from a collection of 20 clinical isolates and five ATCC strains representing five Peptostreptococcus spp. (P. anaerobius, P. asaccharolyticus, P. magnus, P. micros and P. prevotii) were obtained by hybridization of Southern blots of HindIII- or EcoRI-digested genomic DNA with three probes: probe A, a 0.98 kb HindIII fragment with a partial 16S rRNA gene sequence from P. anaerobius ATCC 27337; probe B, cloned Escherichia coli rrnB operon in plasmid pKK3535; and probe C, E. coli 16S and 23S rRNA. The hybridization patterns varied, but all yielded RFLPs useful for both intra- and inter-species differentiation. RFLPs of P. asaccharolyticus clinical isolates were closely related to each other and differed significantly from those of the ATCC type strains. The profiles of P. prevotii differed from those of the other four species studied, and based on the HindIII- and EcoRI-generated RFLPs, the strains in this species are more heterogeneous than the other four species studied.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1991

Tetracycline resistance in Peptostreptococcus species.

Of 15 Peptostreptococcus sp. strains isolated between 1975 and 1984, 13 hybridized with the Tet K, Tet M, or Tet O determinant. A donor Peptostreptococcus anaerobius strain carrying the three determinants could transfer Tet M to P. anaerobius and Fusobacterium nucleatum recipients but not to an Enterococcus faecalis recipient, while neither Tet K nor Tet O was transferred.

Peptostreptococcus↗
PubMed1992

Resistance of Peptostreptococcus spp. to macrolides and lincosamides: inducible and constitutive phenotypes.

The activities of erythromycin and clindamycin against 350 Peptostreptococcus strains were studied during a 5-year period (1986 to 1991). In 5.1% of the Peptostreptococcus strains, which presented dissociated resistance (clindamycin MIC, less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml; erythromycin MIC, greater than 8 micrograms/ml), evidence of inducible macrolide-lincosamide resistance was shown. A total of 17.7% of the strains presented a constitutive phenotype; the clindamycin and erythromycin MICs for these strains were greater than 8 micrograms/ml.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1988

Fermentation of peptides and amino acids by a monensin-sensitive ruminal Peptostreptococcus.

A monensin-sensitive ruminal peptostreptococcus was able to grow rapidly (growth rate of 0.5/h) on an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein, but less than 23% of the amino acid nitrogen was ever utilized. When an acid hydrolysate was substituted for the enzymatic digest, more than 31% of the nitrogen was converted to ammonia and cell protein. Coculture experiments and synergisms with peptide-degrading strains of Bacteroides ruminicola and Streptococcus bovis indicated that the peptostreptococcus was unable to transport certain peptides or hydrolyze them extracellularly. Leucine, serine, phenylalanine, threonine, and glutamine were deaminated at rates of 349, 258, 102, 95, and 91 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Deamination rates for some other amino acids were increased when the amino acids were provided as pairs of oxidized and reduced amino acids (Stickland reactions), but these rates were still less than 80 nmol/mg of protein per min. In continuous culture (dilution rate of 0.1/h), bacterial dry matter and ammonia production decreased dramatically at a pH of less than 6.0. When dilution rates were increased from 0.08 to 0.32/h (pH 7.0), ammonia production increased while production of bacterial dry matter and protein decreased. These rather peculiar kinetics resulted in a slightly negative estimate of maintenance energy and could not be explained by a change in fermentation products. Approximately 80% of the cell dry matter was protein. When corrections were made for cell composition, the yield of ATP was higher than the theoretical maximum value. It is possible that mechanisms other than substrate-level phosphorylation contributed to the energetics of growth.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Sodium-dependent transport of branched-chain amino acids by a monensin-sensitive ruminal peptostreptococcus.

A recently isolated ruminal peptostreptococcus which produced large amounts of branched-chain volatile fatty acids grew rapidly with leucine as an energy source in the presence but not the absence of Na. Leucine transport could be driven by an artificial membrane potential (delta psi) only when Na was available, and a chemical gradient of Na+ (delta uNa+) also drove uptake. Because Na+ was taken up with leucine and a Z delta pH could not serve as a driving force (with or without Na), it appeared that leucine was transported in symport with Na+. The leucine carrier could use Li as well as Na and had a single binding site for Na+. The Km for Na was 5.2 mM, and the Km and Vmax for leucine were 77 microM and 328 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Since valine and isoleucine competitively inhibited (Kis of 90 and 49 microM, respectively) leucine transport, it appeared that the peptostreptococcus used a common carrier for branched-chain amino acids. Valine or isoleucine was taken up rapidly, but little ammonia was produced if they were provided individually. The lack of ammonia could be explained by an accumulation of reducing equivalents. The ionophore, monensin, inhibited growth, but leucine was taken up and deaminated at a slow rate. Monensin caused a loss of K, an increase in Na, a slight increase in delta psi, and a decrease in intracellular pH. The inhibition of growth was consistent with a large decrease in ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1990

Use of modified norleucine-tyrosine broth in identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

Gas-liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the volatile and nonvolatile acids produced in modified norleucine-tyrosine (MNT) broth by various gram-positive cocci. The MNT broth consists of 0.5% Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), 0.5% yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), 0.2% L-norleucine, and 0.1% L-tyrosine. The microorganisms included reference strains and clinical isolates of Peptostreptococcus spp. (P. anaerobius, P. asaccharolyticus, P. indolicus, P. magnus, and P. prevotii), Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saccharolyticus), and Streptococcus spp. (S. agalactiae, S. intermedius, S. mutans, S. sanguis I, and S. sanguis II). Only Peptostreptococcus anaerobius strains produced caproic and valeric acids in MNT broth cultures. All 11 P. anaerobius strains produced valeric acid in MNT broth, and only 1 strain failed to produce caproic acid in the medium. This unique feature aids in rapid, reliable identification of P. anaerobius with a minimum number of tests.

Acids↗
PubMed1992

Enzymatically active Peptostreptococcus magnus: association with site of infection.

Fifty-four strains of Peptostreptococcus magnus (11 were recovered from abdominal infections, 18 were from nonpuerperal breast abscesses, and 21 were from diabetic foot infections; the type strain and three other strains were from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.) and the type strain of Peptostreptococcus micros were tested for their ability to produce various enzymes, including catalase, hippurate hydrolase, serine dehydratase, threonine dehydratase, collagenase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, and esterase C4. The data were analyzed by cluster analysis. The results showed that all but one strain could be assigned to either of two distinct, valid clusters. The first cluster of 11 strains was composed of strains that were relatively inactive, having produced one or two of the eight strain-dependent enzymes. The second was a large cluster of strains (n = 43) that were considerably more active, all having produced at least three enzymes; the vast majority of strains (89%) produced four or more enzymes. The unclustered strain produced one enzyme that was different from that produced by the strains in the first cluster. The chi 2 test of homogeneity applied to the clustering solution indicated that greater enzyme activity was significantly associated with the site of infection (P less than 0.001). The more enzymatically active P. magnus strains were recovered significantly more often from nonpuerperal breast abscesses and diabetic foot infections than they were from abdominal infections. These results may provide insight into the nature of certain polymicrobial soft tissue infections and suggest that (i) P. magnus may participate more in nonpuerperal breast and diabetic foot infections than in abdominal infections and that (ii) peptostreptococcal production of proteolytic enzymes may have an important adjunctive effect on the pathogenesis of certain soft tissue infections.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Tyrosine degradation in presumptive identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

A new tyrosine medium was developed and evaluated for the differentiation of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius from other anaerobic, gram-positive cocci. The strains included 159 originating from clinical specimens and 13 reference strains received from other workers in the field. Only one strain of each species was included in the study from multiple cultures from the same patient. This medium is simple to prepare and can be used in a small clinical laboratory. One hundred seventy-two strains of anaerobic gram-positive cocci were grown and evaluated with the new tyrosine medium; 36 strains (100%) of P. anaerobius degradated the tyrosine crystals when incubated at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions in a GasPak jar (Baltimore Biological Laboratory) for approximately 72 h. On the other hand, 135 of 136 other anaerobic gram-positive cocci were negative for tyrosine degradation, but grew on the tyrosine agar plate when incubated anaerobically. The single strain that degraded tyrosine was 1 of the 13 isolates of Peptostreptococcus micros studied.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Extractable antigen shared by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius strains.

Extracts from several species of gram-positive cocci were prepared by a modification of the Rantz-Randall autoclave method and tested for reactions with rabbit anti-Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC 27337 and VPI 5737) sera in a capillary precipitin test. Antigen preparations from two reference strains of P. anaerobius (ATCC 27337 and VPI 5737) and six clinical isolates of P. anaerobius reacted with the P. anaerobius antisera. These extracts formed a line of identity by immunodiffusion and displayed at least one precipitin line by immunoelectrophoresis. Absorption of the antisera with either the autoclaved extract or a 10% whole-cell suspension from each of the eight P. anaerobius strains removed the precipitin line(s) observed during immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Extracts prepared to other species of Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus did not react with the P. anaerobius antisera in a capillary precipitin test. In addition antisera to Lancefield groups A to G did not react with the extracts from the eight P. anaerobius strains. Preliminary chemical analysis of the extracts from the eight strains showed that they contained approximately 0.2 mg of carbohydrate per ml and 3.6 mg of protein per ml. The rabbit anti-P. anaerobius sera used in this study detected a common antigen(s) shared by strains of P. anaerobius, but did not react with autoclave extracts prepared from other species of gram-positive cocci. This extractable antigen could be used in a capillary precipitin test to rapidly identify P. anaerobius strains isolated in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Antigens, Bacterial↗