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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus isolated from humans: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis sp. nov., and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus sp. nov.

We describe three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as Peptostreptococcus prevotii. These three organisms were not homologous with previously described type strains of the genus Peptostreptococcus. A total of 12 strains that were identified biochemically as P. prevotii were divided into five independent DNA similarity groups; 10 of these strains were divided into three similarity groups which exhibited significant phenotypic differences from previously described species. Therefore, we propose the following new species: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis for group 1 strains, Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis for group 2 strains, and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus for group 3 strains. The type strain of P. vaginalis is strain GIFU 12669 (= JCM 8138), the type strain of P. lacrimalis is strain GIFU 7667 (= JCM 8139), and the type strain of P. lactolyticus is strain GIFU 8586 (= JCM 8140).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Peptostreptococcus vaginalis or Peptostreptococcus prevotii? Identification and clinical importance of a new species of Peptostreptococcus.

Peptostreptococcus vaginalis is a recently described species of Gram-positive anaerobic coccus. We report one case in which P. vaginalis was isolated in pure culture from an abscess on the upper arm, and summarise nine further cases where it was isolated in mixed culture from other superficial sites, particularly infected leg ulcers. We suggest that clinical strains of P. vaginalis have probably been described in the past as Peptostreptococcus prevotii, a species which has frequently been reported from clinical surveys of anaerobic infections; their relative importance and appropriate treatment are discussed. Preformed enzyme profiles provide a simple method of identification accessible to routine diagnostic laboratories; when clinically significant isolates of GPAC are isolated in pure growth, they should be identified to the species level by use of preformed enzyme kits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Aminopeptidase activities in Peptostreptococcus spp. are statistically correlated to gelatin hydrolysis.

One hundred Peptostreptococcus isolates from five species were assessed for their ability to hydrolyze gelatin. Most Peptostreptococcus magnus (95.8%) and Peptostreptococcus micros isolates (79.0%) hydrolyzed gelatin in contrast to Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus (8.0%), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (10.0%), and Peptostreptococcus prevotii isolates (16.7%). Gelatin hydrolysis in Peptostreptococcus magnus and Peptostreptococcus micros isolates correlated (r = 0.80; P = 0.0019) with more aminopeptidases produced than Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, or Peptostreptococcus prevotii. The five species were further classified into three groups using the extended Tukey test (P < 0.0001) based on the mean percentage of aminopeptidases produced by each species with Peptostreptococcus magnus and Peptostreptococcus micros belonging to group I, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus and Peptostreptococcus prevotii belonging to group II, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius forming group III. An analysis of possible proteolytic activity of four selected Peptostreptococcus magnus isolates indicated that only 5 of 11 substrates were hydrolyzed as compared to a control isolate of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, which had a strong proteolytic profile. Therefore, gelatin hydrolysis by Peptostreptococcus spp., in particular Peptostreptococcus magnus and Peptostreptococcus micros, is probably due to a variety of aminopeptidases rather than proteinases.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed2003

Specific PCR detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus.

Peptostreptococcus magnus is the most pathogenic and one of the most common Gram-positive anaerobic cocci found in human clinical specimens. The organism has been isolated in pure culture from a range of serious infections, including meningitis and endocarditis. However, isolation of Peptostreptococcus magnus from the oral cavity has rarely been attempted. Identification of Peptostreptococcus magnus in clinical specimens is reliant upon microbiological culture and biochemical methods, which often give ambiguous results. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR assay for the specific detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus in oral clinical specimens. PCR primers specific for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA were derived by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and selection of primers that demonstrated specificity at their 3' ends for Peptostreptococcus magnus. PCR positivity for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA was indicated by the amplification of a 553 bp product. The PCR assay was then used to attempt detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA in subgingival plaque samples from adult periodontitis patients and pus aspirates from subjects with acute dento-alveolar abscesses. The PCR assay was demonstrated to be highly specific for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA, since no PCR products were obtained when genomic DNA from a wide range of other oral bacteria, including closely related Peptostreptococcus species, was used in the PCR assay. Confirmation of specific amplification of Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA was obtained by digestion of PCR products with the restriction endonuclease RsaI, which gives a unique restriction profile for Peptostreptococcus magnus. Of the 33 subgingival plaque samples analysed, 2 (6 %) were positive for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA. None of the 60 pus aspirates analysed was positive for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA. It is concluded that Peptostreptococcus magnus is not a major pathogen in adult periodontitis or dento-alveolar abscesses. The PCR assay provides a more rapid, specific and sensitive alternative to conventional methods for identification of Peptostreptococcus magnus in clinical specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Identification of five Peptostreptococcus species isolated predominantly from the female genital tract by using the rapid ID32A system.

The rapid ID32A kit (bioMérieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was evaluated for its ability to identify Peptostreptococcus species compared with conventional biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography (Virginia Polytechnic Institute), the current "gold standard" method. A total of 5 Peptostreptococcus American Type Culture Collection strains and 95 clinical isolates comprising Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, P. asaccharolyticus, P. magnus, P. micros, and P. prevotii isolates were included for analysis. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid ID32A kit in the identification for five Peptostreptococcus species compared with the Virginia Polytechnic Institute method were 93 and 80%, respectively. All P. anaerobius (n = 20) and P. asaccharolyticus (n = 25) isolates were identified with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. For the identification of P. magnus (n = 24) and P. micros (n = 19), the rapid ID32A kit was 100% sensitive for both species; the specificity for P. magnus was 95.8% and that for P. micros was 57.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid ID32A kit for identification of P. prevotii (n = 12) were poor (41.7 and 8.3%, respectively). The rapid ID32A kit is a useful method for the rapid differentiation of P. anaerobius and P. asaccharolyticus from other Peptostreptococcus spp. Conventional methods should be used to identify to the species level isolates of P. magnus, P. micros, and P. prevotii.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of Peptostreptococcus species in skin infections.

We examined the characteristics of Peptostreptococcus species in infectious skin diseases. P. magnus was the species identified most frequently, followed by P. asaccharolyticus. Peptostreptococcus species were mainly isolated from infected atheroma and secondary infections due to ulcers; their resistance to five antimicrobial agents was generally low. The resistance of the three predominant Peptostreptococcus species to the antimicrobials was similar to that of all of the Peptostreptococcus species. The predominant Peptostreptococcus species isolated from infected atheroma might be pathogenic. It was considered that the presence of anaerobes as well as aerobes was important to induce the infectious condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trypsin-dependent production of an antibacterial substance by a human Peptostreptococcus strain in gnotobiotic rats and in vitro.

An antibacterial substance appeared within 1 day in feces of gnotobiotic rats harboring a human intestinal Peptostreptococcus strain. It disappeared when the rat bile-pancreatic duct was ligatured or when the rats ingested a trypsin inhibitor. Anaerobic cultures of the Peptostreptococcus strain in a medium supplemented with trypsin also exhibited an antibacterial activity, which was also inhibited by the trypsin inhibitor. In vitro the antibacterial substance from both feces and culture medium was active against several gram-positive bacteria, including other Peptostreptococcus spp., potentially pathogenic Clostridium spp. such as C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. butyricum, C. septicum, and C. sordellii, Eubacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. Whatever the order of inoculation of the strains, a sensitive strain of C. perfringens was eliminated within 1 day from the intestine of rats monoassociated with the Peptostreptococcus strain. These findings demonstrate for the first time that very potent antibacterial substances can be produced through a mechanism involving intestinal bacteria and exocrine pancreatic secretions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Phospholipid analogue profiles of Peptostreptococcus, Micromonas, and Finegoldia species analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Species of Peptostreptococcus cause a variety of infections, primarily abscesses of soft tissues, joints, and mucous membranes. The aim of this study was to compare the phospholipid analogue profiles of Peptostreptococcus species, represented by P. anaerobius, P. asaccharolyticus, P. indolicus, P. lacrimalis, and P. prevotii; Micromonas micros (P. micros) and Finegoldia magna (P. magnus). After anaerobic growth on blood-FAA, lipids extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v) were purified, then analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) in negative ion mode. The major peaks with mass to charge (m/z) 719, 721, and 749, corresponded to phosphatidylglycerol analogues, namely PG (32:1), PG (32:0), and PG (34:0), which have been found previously in Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus spp. Other major peaks observed, with m/z 619, 647, 665, 675, 677, 687, 691, 693, 701, 703, 707, 733, and 746 have also been reported in one or more of these three species. However, other major peaks found here in Peptostreptococcus, Micromonas, and Finegoldia have not been described elsewhere; these are 501, 514, 515, 618, 659, 673, 676, 688, 690, 692, 694, 700, 706, 715, 718, 722, and 750. We conclude that Peptostreptococcus, Micromonas, and Finegoldia isolates are chemically unique.

Anions↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides isolated from root canals of teeth with periapical pathosis.

Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides were isolated in high frequency from root canals with acute periapical inflammation. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of these strains were studied by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of different agents. Although all three kinds of isolates were susceptible to penicillins, the isolates other than black-pigmented Bacteroides were less susceptible to cephems, tetracyclines, and macrorides with several resistant strains. All strains were uniformly resistant to aminoglycosides. Some differences in susceptibilities were observed among species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus, while penicillins were effective for both species. Black-pigmented Bacteroides showed good susceptibilities to all agents except for aminoglycosides. The susceptibility of Bacteroides gingivalis was superior to that of Bacteroides intermedius. There were many resistant strains in non-black-pigmented but not in black-pigmented Bacteroides isolates. Penicillins were the most effective for Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides, indicating that penicillins are suitable for treatment of root canals with acute apical periodontitis.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1998

Increased antibody production against gut-colonizing Escherichia coli in the presence of the anaerobic bacterium Peptostreptococcus.

Germ-free rats were colonized with E. coli alone, or with E. coli plus Lactobacillus acidophilus and a strain of the obligate anaerobic gram-positive species, Peptostreptococcus. The presence of Peptostreptococcus reduced translocation of E. coli, but increased the serum antibody response to E. coli antigen. Whereas the immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-E. coli antibodies largely represented cross-reactive antibodies, those of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype represented true anti-E. coli antibodies because they could not be absorbed by L. acidophilus or Peptostreptococcus but could with E. coli. We suggest that peptostreptococci prime the gut immune system to other bacterial antigens and that this could be a mechanism behind the reduced translocation of facultative anaerobes in the presence of obligate anaerobes.

Absorption↗
PubMed2003

Rapid identification of Gram-positive anaerobic coccal species originally classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus by multiplex PCR assays using genus- and species-specific primers.

Here, a rapid and reliable two-step multiplex PCR assay for identifying 14 Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) species originally classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus (Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Anaerococcus lactolyticus, Anaerococcus octavius, Anaerococcus prevotii, Anaerococcus tetradius, Anaerococcus vaginalis, Finegoldia magna, Micromonas micros, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptoniphilus harei, Peptoniphilus indolicus, Peptoniphilus ivorii and Peptoniphilus lacrimalis) is reported. Fourteen type strains representing 14 GPAC species were first identified to the genus level by multiplex PCR (multiplex PCR-G). Since three of these genera (Finegoldia, Micromonas and Peptostreptococcus) contain only a single species, F. magna, M. micros and P. anaerobius, respectively, these organisms were identified to the species level directly by using the multiplex PCR-G. Then six species of the genus Anaerococcus (A. hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, A. prevotii, A. vaginalis and A. tetradius) were further identified to the species level using multiplex PCR assays (multiplex PCR-Ia and multiplex PCR-Ib). Similarly, five species of the genus Peptoniphilus (Pn. asaccharolyticus, Pn. harei, Pn. indolicus, Pn. ivorii and Pn. lacrimalis) were identified to the species level using multiplex PCR-IIa and multiplex PCR-IIb. The established two-step multiplex PCR identification scheme was applied to the identification of 190 clinical isolates of GPAC species that had been identified previously to the species level by 16S rRNA sequencing and phenotypic tests. The identification obtained from multiplex PCR assays showed 100 % agreement with 16S rDNA sequencing identification, but only 65 % (123/190) agreement with the identification obtained by phenotypic tests. The multiplex PCR scheme established in this study is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the identification of GPAC species. It will permit a more accurate assessment of the role of various GPAC species in infection and of the degree of antimicrobial resistance in each of the group members.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1966

Chemical composition and serological analysis of the cell wall of Peptostreptococcus.

Bahn, Arthur N. (Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.), Patrick C. Y. Kung, and James A. Hayashi. Chemical composition and serological analysis of the cell wall of Peptostreptococcus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1672-1676. 1966.-Chemical and serological analyses were made of the cell wall of Peptostreptococcus to characterize taxonomically this genus of anaerobic streptococci. Cell wall hydrolysates of P. putridus strains 06 and 85, P. intermedius strains 11 and 87, and P. elsdenii strain B-159 were prepared, and the cell wall sugars were measured quantitatively by paper chromatography. Strain 85 contained only glucose, whereas strain 06 contained 93% glucose and 7% mannose. Strain 87 contained only rhamnose, and strain 11 contained approximately equal amounts of glucose and rhamnose. Strain B-159 differed from all the other strains in having a low (3.1%) content of total carbohydrate, consisting of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose. Quantitative amino acid analyses showed that the major amino compounds present in the cell wall were glutamic and aspartic acids, alanine, lysine, muramic acid, glucosamine, and galactosamine. Strains 06 and 85 possessed this complement of amino compounds, but strains 11 and 87 had relatively little aspartic acid. Strain B-159 was markedly different in having a high content of glycine and diaminopimelic acid, with only traces of lysine; it was the only strain in which teichoic acid was found. Serological analyses were made with the use of cell wall extracts as antigenic material and with homologous antisera, as well as streptococcal group antisera for groups A through S. The only strong agglutination was obtained between strain 87 antigen and group C antisera; weak agglutination was obtained with 87 against N, O, and K, and between strain 11 and groups E and F. All other antisera gave negative reactions. It is concluded that strain B-159 does not belong to the genus Peptostreptococcus, that strains 06 and 85 are members of P. putridus, and that strains 11 and 87 may be members of two different genera.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products.

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) profiles of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products were useful in identifying strains of Peptococcus saccharolyticus, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Streptococcus intermedius. The GLC results supported the recent taxonomic decision to transfer aerotolerant Peptostreptococcus species to the genus Streptococcus. Because inconsistencies in the results prevented our differentiating Peptococcus prevotii. Peptococcus magnus, and Peptococcus variabilis by GLC, additional strains will have to been examined. These GLC techniques are amenable to routine use; however, for interlaboratory results to be meaningful, the classification and nomenclature of the anaerobic gram-positive cocci should be standardized.

Amines↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic relationships and rapid identification of Peptostreptococcus species.

Antisera against whole cells of each Peptostreptococcus species (P. anaerobius, P. micros, P. parvulus, and P. productus) were produced in rabbits. When these antisera were reacted against sonically disrupted cells and culture supernatant fluids in Ouchterlony tests, lines of identity were obtained among the antigens from all the species and uninoculated culture medium. When the antisera were subsequently absorbed with the dehydrated culture medium used to grow the peptostreptococci, all cross-reactions in heterologous antigen-antibody combinations were eliminated, leaving only species-specific precipitin arcs. These absorbed antisera, specific for each Peptostreptococcus species by Ouchterlony tests, were used for rapid identification studies. Staphylococcus aureus-bearing protein A was sensitized with each absorbed antiserum. These reagents produced specific coagglutination reactions with suspensions of each Peptostreptococcus reference strain and with 16 clinical isolates. No cross-reactions occurred with the Streptococcus intermedius, Peptococcus magnus, or Peptococcus asaccharolyticus strains tested.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2000

Apparent culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Peptostreptococcus magnus.

In two patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Peptostreptococcus magnus, blood cultures in the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 9240 systems were signal negative. The capability of the BacT/Alert system to detect various Peptostreptococcus species was assessed. P. magnus and P. anaerobius could not be detected, and subcultures remained negative. The growth in conventional media of these two species and other Peptostreptococcus species was similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus].

A very rare case of acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus was reported. A 11-year-old-girl was admitted to our hospital with high grade fever, unconsciousness and rt hemiparesis. CT scans showed the mass effect caused by the subdural empyema over the left frontotemporal region. Subdural empyema was evacuated by the craniotomy. Peptostreptococcus was found in the pus obtained during the operation. However, CT scans 10 days after the operation revealed another subdural empyema in the left frontal base and interhemispheric fissure, which was removed again by the craniotomy using coronal incision 14 days after the first operation. Frontal sinusitis was also demonstrated by CT scan. Killian's operation to the frontal sinusitis was performed by otorhinolaryngologists at the same time. Six weeks after the second operation, she was discharged without any neurological deficits. Peptostreptococcus is one of the indigenous microflora of the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system and may be a causative microorganism in every type of human infection due to its abnormal localization. There is a controversy concerning surgical management subdural empyema. Both the burr hole drainage of pus and the craniotomy are advocated. Associated otorhinologic lesions must not be overlooked. Otorhinologic consultation should immediately be obtained so that the drainage of an infected paranasal or mastoid sinus can be performed at the time of craniotomy. This is critical to prevent the recurrence of the subdural empyema from further extension of the extracranial disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Peptostreptococcus magnus does not cause hematogenous infections in experimental arthroplasties.

Rabbits with cemented endoprostheses in the knee joints were given 1-ml intravenous injections of suspensions containing Peptostreptococcus magnus (3 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml) on three consecutive days seven weeks postoperatively. The animals were killed after another seven weeks. The bacterial challenge did not result in infection. This is in contrast to a previous study using the same experimental system with another anaerobic bacterial species, Propionibacterium acnes, which caused infection in approximately 50% of the animals. Both these bacteria have previously been reported to cause late infections in human arthroplasties. The present results may indicate differences in the spreading mechanisms, i.e., that Peptostreptococcus magnus may have a limited ability to cause hematogenic infections and that late infections of endoprostheses by Peptostreptococcus magnus are due to perioperative contamination.

Animals↗