[Decomposition of common prepared peracetic acid solutions and the problem of intermediate dilutions and peracetic acid spirit SR].
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Inhibition of arachidonic acid incorporation into erythrocyte phospholipids by peracetic acid and other peroxides. Role of arachidonoyl-CoA: 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyl transferase.
To explore possible mechanisms of the arachidonic acid deficiency of the red blood cell membrane in alcoholics, we compared the effect of ethanol and its oxidized products, acetaldehyde and peracetic acid, with other peroxides on the accumulation of [14C]arachidonate into RBC membrane lipids in vitro. Incubation of erythrocytes with 50 mM ethanol or 3 mM acetaldehyde had no effect on arachidonate incorporation. Pretreatment of erythrocytes with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 mM cumene hydroperoxide or 0.1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide had little effect on [14C]arachidonate incorporation in the absence of azide. However, pretreatment of cells with N-ethylmaleimide, 0.1 mM peracetic acid or performic acid, with or without azide, inhibited arachidonate incorporation into phospholipids but not neutral lipids. In chase experiments, peracetate also inhibited transfer of arachidonate from neutral lipids to phospholipids. To investigate a possible site of this inhibition of arachidonate transfer into phospholipids by percarboxylic acids, we assayed a repair enzyme, arachidonoyl CoA: 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.23). As in intact cells, phospholipid biosynthesis was inhibited more by N-ethylmalemide and peracetic acid than by hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Peracetic acid was the only active inhibitor among ethanol and its oxidized products studied and may deserve further examination in ethanol toxicity.
1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase↗
[Disinfection of sewage waters from rendering plants with peracetic acid].
In our experiments, peracetic acid--known in commerce as "Wolfasteril" was tested as a new and efficient disinfectant to disinfect sewage waters from rendering plants. Peracetic acid was used in experiments in concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% for 30 sec. to 60 min. As a comparative agent, 5% chloramine was used. Results obtained in preliminary and main experiments proved that peracetic acid is fully appropriate to disinfect biologically cleaned sewage waters in rendering plants. Sewage waters supplying the main stream has to pass mostly a short section after having left the water clarifier. Consequently, the concentration of 1% peracetic acid acting for 30 sec. is the optimum one. The recommendation of this application norm for peracetic acid in water clarifiers from rendering plants being at least suitable in controlling disasters.
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[Disinfection of sewage waters from rendering plants by means by peracetic acid].
In our experiments, peracetic acid -- known in commerce as "Wolfasteril" was tested as a new and efficient disinfectant to disinfect sewage waters from rendering plants. Peracetic acid was used in experiments in concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% for 30 sec. to 60 min. As a comparative agent, 5% chloramine was used. Results obtained in preliminary and main experiments proved that peracetic acid is fully appropriate to disinfect biologically cleaned sewage waters in rendering plants. Sewage waters supplying the main stream has to pass mostly a short section after having left the water clariflier. Consequently, the concentration of 1% peracetic acid acting for 30 sec. is the optimum one. The recommendation of this application norm for peracetic acid in water clarifiers from rendering plants being at least suitable in controlling disasters.
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[Sterilization of drinking water using peracetic acid].
The efficiency of peracetic acid on drinking-water conservation and sterilization was investigated. It was determined in watering experiments that a starting concentration of 0.01-0.02% peracetic acid was required in order to guarantee the sterility of water and water-bottle for a duration of one week. As the applied peracetic acid concentration could be reduced by addition of organic substances such as saliva and stomach content, the possibility of peracetic acid resorption by the animal is negligible.
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[First experiences by use of peracetic acid aerosols in creches (author's transl)].
Peracetic acid is more and more used for the purpose of air desinfections in rooms. The examinations of DWORSCHAK and LINDE encouraged us to use peracetic acid in the rooms of creches in presence of children systematically. The applied concentration of peracetic acid is 4.6 mg/m3. With these examinations it was intended to prove if it is possible to influence the morbidity of acute respiratory diseases. Under the choosed conditions no side effects are observed over a time of twenty weeks. Publications concerning cocarcinogetic activity of peroxy compounds induced us to make a preliminary stop in the application of peracetic acid in presence of children. The number of diseases specially of respiratory diseases in the time of the examinations was very small. That concerns the examination groups and those compared with these. But nevertheless it is to be seen that the morbidity in the groups with application of peracetic acid is 3.5% and in the others 11.20%. The differences are significant. If the results concerning cocarcinogetic activity of peroxy compounds will be shure it is to decide whether the room desinfections will be continued in presence of children or not.
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[A study on the effectiveness of three common stabilizers of peracetic acid].
This paper reports the effectiveness of 0.1% (W/V) quinoline-8-ol, 0.5% (V/V) phosphoric acid and 0.5% (W/V) sodium pyrophosphate as stabilizers of stock solutions on peracetic acid. The three solutions were put separately as stabilizers into stock solutions of peracetic acid in the laboratory. They were stored at room temperature for approximately one year, and the percent of peracetic acid content was determined at regular intervals. Also, we made studies on different concentrations of phosphoric acid for different prescriptions of peracetic acid. The results show that 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% (V/V) phosphoric acid and 0.5% (W/V) sodium pyrophosphate were not effective stabilizers for the stock solutions of peracetic acid. Therefore, phosphoric acid or sodium pyrophosphate is not an effective stabilizer in stockpiling stock solutions of peracetic acid.
Diphosphates↗
[Animal experiment studies of the effect of peracetic acid on bladder urothelium].
Animal experimenters investigations on the influence of various solutions of peracetic acid on the epithelium of the urinary bladder were carried out on rabbits. The results of the experiments showed that solutions of peracetic acid up to 0.01% are tolerated nearly without any reaction also under extreme experimental conditions. Higher concentrations of active substances lead to considerable changes of the epithelium of the urinary bladder in form of partly focal, partly diffuse haemorrhagic necrotizing urocystitides. No differences were the result when the commercial 40 percent peracetic acid Wofasteril and a 20 percent peracetic acid without admixture of a stabilizer as primary solution were used. The possible application of peracetic acid as antiseptic for the mucous membrane is discussed.
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Bactericidal properties of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, alone and in combination, and chlorine and formaldehyde against bacterial water strains.
The bactericidal properties of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and formaldehyde were compared in vitro using a rapid micromethod. A combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was also tested to assess interactions. The activities of these agents, which are widely used as disinfectants, were evaluated against water isolates and culture collection strains. Peracetic acid and chlorine exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity, with a relatively rapid destruction of 10(5) bacteria/mL. The time-dependent bactericidal activities of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde were the lowest. The combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, tested by a checkerboard micromethod, was found to be synergistic. The minimal bactericidal concentration was established in terms of time for a given mixture of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Determination of bactericidal concentrations showed that synergy was maintained with increasing contact time. Concentrations for minimal times of treatment by chemicals that provided interesting activities in vitro were tested for disinfection of ultrafiltration membranes. The bactericidal activities of peroxygen compounds were confirmed and synergism was maintained in working conditions. Chlorine showed a loss of efficacy when used on membranes.
Chlorine↗
[Determination of the killing rate of Bacillus spores by peracetic acid].
The sporocidal properties of peracetic acid (PAA) at defined concentrations were characterized by determination of decrease in PAA after addition of D-glucose, human albumin and suspensions of spores; concentration of PAA, which inactivates 10(6)-10(7) spores of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. licheniformis within 10-30 min; inactivation constant k, decimal reduction time D and the sporocidal index (mg PAA X min X ml-1) at that concentration. In contrast to albumin, the spore suspension caused relatively little reduction of PAA concentration (less than 5% at the concentrations used). B. cereus, B. subtilis and B. megaterium had similar inactivation rates with k-values in the range of 0.368 and 0.541 min-1, D-values between 4.26 min and 6.26 min at 0.2 mg/ml PAA. B. lichenformis was much more resistant showing a k = 0.345 min-1 and D = 6.66 min at 3.0 mg/ml PAA. The sporocidal index of B. lichenformis was 180 mg X min X ml-1 while the three other species had sporocidal index-values of 7 mg X min X ml-1.
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Suitability of peracetic acid for sterilization of media for mycoplasma cultures.
The utility of peracetic acid for sterilization of serum and yeast extract additions to mycoplasma medium was studied by culturing six Mycoplasma species. Culture media containing additions that had been sterilized with peracetic acid proved to be as good as filtered components. The use of 0.05 to 0.1% peracetic acid is recommended to sterilize the serum and yeast extract additions since savings in time and equipment can be accomplished.
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Transfer isolator to protect personnel from exposure to peracetic acid.
A transfer isolator is described which confines peracetic acid fumes used in the gnotobiotic operation of isolators. The use of this isolator protects both personnel and animals from contact with peracetic acid, provides additional isolator space and reduces wear on the gloves and sleeves of the main isolator.
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Action of chronic peracetic acid (wofasteril) administration on the rabbit oral mucosa, vaginal mucosa, and skin.
In a long-term experiment on rabbits 0.2% peracetic acid (0.5% Wofasteril) was distributed upon the dorsal skin, the oral and the vaginal mucosa 3 times per week for 12 months. Each type of tissue was applied 153 individual doses. The histological examinations did not yield dysplasias in the sense of a carcinogenic action of peracetic acid. Despite the very high dosage as it will never be demanded in therapeutical measures, the mucosal tissues under study neither showed inflammations nor scar formation after 12 months of administration. Merely in the dorsal skin a loss of minute accessory hairs in the animal fell was observed. From morphological points of view it seems justified to extend the indication of 0.2% peracetic acid (0.5% Wofasteril) to the mucosal membrane for preparatory arrangements of surgical interventions and for therapeutical measures in bacterially induced inflammatory processes. Clinical testing can be recommended. Before permanent use of peracetic acid for hand disinfection the possible hazards of depilation must be tested dermatologically.
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[Serum sterilization in the cold with peracetic acid].
On the basis of broad antimicrobic effect including also bacterial spores, mycoplasmas and viruses, the peracetic acid suits to sterilize in cold. By means of the final 0,1 to 0.02% concentration of the peracetic acid acting for 30 min. up to 5 days, it succeeded in sterilizing the serum used to prepare culture medium for bacteria, mycoplasmas and tissue cultures. Growth controls shown at least as good results as were those in using filtered sera. Chemical sterilization by means of the peracetic acid leads to significant diminution of neutralization and complementfixation antibodies in serum.
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[Cold sterilization of serums with peracetic acid].
On the basis of broad antimicrobic effect including also bacterial spores, mycoplasmas and viruses, the peracetic acid suits to sterilize in cold. By means of the final 0,1 to 0.02% concentration of the peracetic acid acting for 30 min. up to 5 days, it succeeded in sterilizing the serum used to prepare culture medium for bacteria, mycoplasmas and tissue cultures. Growth controls shown at least as good results as were those in using filtered sera. Chemical sterilization by means of the peracetic acid leads to significant diminution of neutralization and complementfixation antibodies in serum.
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[The preventive and therapeutic effect of peracetic acid on the development of surgical infection].
The paper reports on the possibility of application of peracetic acid on live tissue by correcting those properties which presented the obstruction for its former application on live tissue. Using laboratory technique the degree of peracetic acid acidity was put to pH 5 and the concentration of 0.2% was determined by testing in vitro on the resistant hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prophylactic and therapeutic activity on artificially induced infection of wounds by above mentioned bacteria was investigated in experiments (rabbits n = 30). The prophylactic and therapeutical efficacy of peracetic acid of certain properties was proved by comparing it with the control group of wounds where physiological solution was used as a compress.
Animals↗
[Peracetic acid as a disinfectant in the fight against tuberculosis--experimental data-- (author's transl)].
M. tuberculosis is susceptible to peracetic acid as a Disinfectant. However, there is no unanimity how the transmission of Mycobacteriaceae can be prevented and which quantitative requirements are necessary for its action. In practical work protein-like substances and varying numbers of tubercle bacilli are important in the efficacy of sputum disinfection. The tuberculocide effect of peracetic acid is scarcely influenced by such admixtures or by the number of test organisms. A preliminary attempt for killing M. tuberculosis in sputum by means of peracetic acid was successful.
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[Submicroscopic study of bacteria and spores under the effect of peracetic acid and various aspects of the mechanism of its action].
Microbial cells (E. coli and staphylococcus) and B. cereus spores were used in this work. Peracetic acid in a concentration of 0.005% caused the death of 99% of the microbes in 20 minutes, and 0.1% peracetic acid caused the death of 99% of the spores in 45 minutes. Changes in the surface and internal structures of the cells were revealed on the ultrathin sections of microbial cells and spores after the action of the preparation. The noted changes were explained by disturbance of permeability barrier and a high reactogenic capacity of the activated oxygen of peracetic acid.
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