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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Associations of Illness Perception, Resignation Coping, and Social Support With Self-Regulatory Fatigue in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS: To examine the associations among illness perception, resignation coping, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study specifically explores whether resignation coping and social support exhibit indirect associations with SRF in the context of illness perception. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: From November 2024 to October 2025, a convenience sample of 302 adult patients with T2DM was recruited from a tertiary general hospital in China. Participants completed validated instruments with established psychometric properties, namely the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation and serial mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro (Model 6) with bias-corrected bootstrapping. RESULTS: SRF was positively correlated with negative illness perception (r = 0.579, p < 0.01) and resignation coping (r = 0.612, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with social support (r = -0.598, p < 0.01). Serial mediation analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with SRF through indirect pathways involving resignation coping and social support. Resignation coping and social support mediated the association between illness perception and self-regulatory fatigue, both individually and sequentially. CONCLUSIONS: Negative illness perception correlates with higher SRF. This observed correlation is additionally linked to indirect pathways involving resignation coping and lower social support. Collectively, these findings highlight a pattern of interrelated cognitive (illness perception), behavioural (resignation coping), and resource (social support) factors that are associated with self-regulatory fatigue in this cross-sectional study. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: The findings offer a clear, evidence-based framework for nursing practice. They highlight the potential value of integrated assessment and intervention that simultaneously addresses patients' illness beliefs, maladaptive coping strategies, and social support systems, which are associated with lower SRF and better diabetes self-management. REPORTING METHOD: This study adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients participated solely as research participants by providing survey data. They were not involved in the study design, implementation, data analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. All patients provided written informed consent prior to questionnaire completion.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The impact of routine traffic encounters that include procedural justice on police perceptions.

OBJECTIVES: Despite procedural justice in police-citizen interactions being widely studied, there is limited research regarding police perceptions of these interactions. This study addresses this by exploring police perceptions of two different types of random breath test (RBT) - standard and procedurally just - in an experimental trial. Officers were asked to report on whether they believe that their RBT interaction with drivers and riders changed behaviour, developed more positive perceptions of police and resulted in slower travel. Additionally, they were asked if they thought that the RBT interaction took too long. METHODS: This study was a six month randomised control trial with two operational conditions: a control condition with a standard (n = 18 days) and an experimental condition with a procedurally just (n = 17 days) RBT. Police officers completed post-operation surveys (n = 80). RESULTS: Police officers incorporating the principles of procedural justice into RBT had limited impact on officer perceptions. However, those officers who were more open to innovation believed that the interaction would result in more positive perceptions of police. Police officers who believed that their RBTs with motorcycle riders would make a difference perceived that the riders would both change their behaviour and travel more slowly after the interaction. There were no differences in perceived interaction length by police officers across both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that police officer openness to innovation has an important role to play in police officers having more positive perceptions regarding the outcomes of RBT interactions. As such police organisations should undertake activities, such as training, to improve innovation. The lack of perceived differences in RBT length between standard and procedurally just interactions suggests that these enhanced interactions can be implemented without concerns that police officers believe that they 'take too long'.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Molecular mechanisms underlying umami taste perception: A DIA-based proteomic analysis of Agrocybe aegerita peptides.

The mechanisms underlying the modulation of the salivary perception of umami peptides remain poorly understood. Herein, three umami peptides (DDL, DEL, and ENG) obtained from Agrocybe aegerita were used to investigate the regulatory role of saliva in umami taste perception via a combined approach involving sensory evaluation and proteomics analysis based on 4D-DIA technology. The results revealed that umami intensity peaked at 10 s after ingestion and was accompanied by a significant increase in saliva secretion (p < 0.05). Further proteomics analysis revealed that lactotransferrin and proline-rich proteins are closely associated with the sensory perception of umami peptides. Differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in pathways related to saliva secretion and proteasome function. This study provides new insights from the perspectives of salivary proteomics and dynamic salivary secretion, contributing to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which saliva regulates umami perception.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring the perceptions, experiences, and behaviours that nurses and midwives face in relation to sleep: A systematic review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: The importance of sleep for nurses and midwives is increasingly being recognised. Poor sleep is known to have negative impacts on physical health, mental wellbeing, and work performance. This has prompted efforts to promote and support staff sleep. However, further efforts are needed to understand how nurses and midwives consider and manage sleep to ensure that meaningful and effective interventions are adopted and sustained. AIMS: This review of qualitative evidence aims to examine nurses' and midwives' perceptions, experiences, and behaviours around sleep. METHODS: This review followed JBI's systematic meta-aggregative approach including development of an a priori protocol. A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus) was undertaken to identify qualitative studies that examine nurses' and midwives' perceptions, experiences, and behaviours related to sleep. The search was conducted on the 10th of October 2024. Study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis followed JBI approaches and the ConQual approach was used to report assessment of synthesised findings. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies were included for review, and 245 findings were aggregated into 24 categories and nine synthesised findings related to the perceptions, behaviours, and experiences. While sleep was perceived as important, poor sleep was often understood as an expected and inevitable part of the job and that there was a need to always be awake to provide continual care. Experiences influencing sleep related to personal circumstances and work-related factors, as well as professional training and institutional practices. A range of behaviours, including planning time to sleep, using sleep aids, modifying the sleep environment, and altering daytime behaviours were also described. CONCLUSION: This review identified a range of perceptions, behaviours, and experiences that may influence the sleep of nurses and midwives which are vital to supporting individual and workforce wellbeing and safe, effective clinical practice. Insights from this review can be used to better understand nurses' and midwives' relationship with sleep and to develop and enhance targeted sleep interventions and programs that aim to promote and support healthy sleep among nurses and midwives. Open Science Framework Registration: 10.17605/OSF.IO/F32UM.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring perceptions and willingness to recycle wastes among small businesses in selected townships of the Gauteng province in South Africa.

Although small businesses play an important role in generating employment opportunities and local economic development, their involvement in recycling programs has not been characterized in greater detail. This study explored the perceptions and willingness of selected small businesses in Gauteng province townships to reuse or recycle some of their waste materials. This study used a quantitative research approach to explore the perceptions and willingness of selected small businesses to reuse or recycle some of the waste they generate. The results showed that the perceptions about the contribution of recycling to environmental pollution reduction among small businesses in the study differed significantly across the townships (χ2 = 6.892, p = 0.003). On the other hand, most formal businesses significantly agreed with the potential benefits of waste recycling on environmental pollution reduction (χ2 = 16.118, p = 0.003), saving landfill space (χ2 = 11.610, p = 0.003), improving environmental quality (χ2 = 10.443, p = 0.005), and providing job opportunities (χ2 = 10.263, p = 0.036). However, regardless of their formality (χ2 = 2.957, p = 0.228) or location (χ2 = 9.463, p = 0.051), there was no statistically significant variation in the recycling practices of the small businesses in this study. Moreover, businesses' willingness to use recycling facilities if they were located nearby differed across townships (0.05 > p = 0.010) but was similar despite the formality of the enterprises. In conclusion, recycling perceptions and willingness of small businesses can vary significantly depending on whether they are formal or informal and across townships. As a result, relevant educational interventions should be uniquely developed to raise awareness about the need for waste minimization through recovery, re-use, and recycling among small businesses in the Gauteng province.Implications: Small, Medium, and Micro enterprises (SMMEs) play a crucial role in local economic development in South Africa. However, research on their environmental sustainability is scarce, despite their significant impacts on natural resources and contributions to pollution. Most waste management studies have focused on households and municipalities, leaving a gap in understanding SMMEs' waste management behaviors, particularly in townships.

South Africa↗

PubMed2026

Innovation-related perception as a key driver of alternative protein acceptance: evidence from an early-stage model for cultivated meat and algae-/microalgae-based alternative protein products in Italy.

Alternative proteins are increasingly considered part of the transition toward more sustainable food systems, yet their diffusion depends critically on consumer acceptance. This study investigates the early-stage acceptance of two alternative protein categories in Italy-cultivated meat and algae-/microalgae-based alternative protein products. Focusing on the first three phases of acceptance, the analysis examines how innovation-related perception (IRP) shapes consumer perceived value (CPV), consumer perceived risk (CPR), and subsequent affective (AFF), cognitive (COG), and conative (CON) responses. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 238 Italian respondents and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that IRP is the main upstream driver of early-stage acceptance in both product domains: more favourable perceptions strongly increase perceived value and reduce perceived risk. In turn, CPV exerts a much stronger influence than CPR on both affective and cognitive attitudes. A tentative cross-model comparison suggests only a descriptive variation in the final transition toward conative acceptance: affective and cognitive responses were both significant in the two models, with a relatively larger affective coefficient for cultivated meat and more balanced coefficients for algae-/microalgae-based products. Overall, the findings support a process-based interpretation of alternative protein acceptance and highlight the central role of innovation-related perception in shaping early consumer responses. These results provide relevant implications for communication strategies, product positioning, and policy actions aimed at improving the acceptability of alternative proteins in food cultures characterised by strong culinary traditions.

Italy↗

PubMed2025

Impact of personalised risk predictions on breast cancer risk perceptions: insights from the BREATHE study.

OBJECTIVE: Biennial mammography screening is well-established for women aged 50 and above, but guidelines for younger women are less clear. Risk-based screening may provide women with key information to make informed decisions about their breast cancer risk and screening. This study examines how predicted breast cancer (BC) risk shapes women's perception and confidence in risk prediction. METHODS: Women aged 35 to 59 years were recruited for a prospective multi-centre cohort and stratified into above-average, average, or below-average BC risk categories based on genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Perceived risk was assessed at enrolment and after participants were informed of their predicted risk. We used ordinal models to identify predictors of perceived risk and logistic regression to examine the relationship between changes in perceived risk and confidence in the risk prediction. RESULTS: At enrolment, 43% and 47% of 4112 participants perceived their BC risk pre-result as low or average, respectively. Thirty-five percent adjusted their perceived risk to align more closely with their predicted risk. Predictors of perceived risk post-result: perceived risk pre-result, predicted risk, ethnicity and having regular menstruation. Participants who underestimated their BC risk were nearly eight times more likely to have low confidence in the accuracy of their predicted risk (OR for underestimation vs. accurate perception: 7.94 [95% CI 5.60-11.28]). Predictors of perceived risk post-result: perceived risk pre-result, predicted risk, ethnicity and having regular menstruation. Confidence in risk prediction was lowest when women's perceived risk pre-result was lower than their predicted risk (OR-2 vs 0 [95%CI] 5.06 [3.67 to 6.97]). CONCLUSION: Many women underestimated their BC risk, and their initial perceptions were influenced by the knowledge of their predicted risk. Women who underestimated their risk had less confidence in their predicted risk scores.

Humans↗

PubMed2024

40S Ribosomal protein S6 kinase integrates daylength perception and growth regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant growth occurs via the interconnection of cell growth and proliferation in each organ following specific developmental and environmental cues. Therefore, different photoperiods result in distinct growth patterns due to the integration of light and circadian perception with specific Carbon (C) partitioning strategies. In addition, the TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase pathway is an ancestral signaling pathway that integrates nutrient information with translational control and growth regulation. Recent findings in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown a mutual connection between the TOR pathway and the circadian clock. However, the mechanistical network underlying this interaction is mostly unknown. Here, we show that the conserved TOR target, the 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) is under circadian and photoperiod regulation both at the transcriptional and post-translational level. Total S6K (S6K1 and S6K2) and TOR-dependent phosphorylated-S6K protein levels were higher during the light period and decreased at dusk especially under short day conditions. Using chemical and genetic approaches, we found that the diel pattern of S6K accumulation results from 26S proteasome-dependent degradation and is altered in mutants lacking the circadian F-box protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL), further strengthening our hypothesis that S6K could incorporate metabolic signals via TOR, which are also under circadian regulation. Moreover, under short days when C/energy levels are limiting, changes in S6K1 protein levels affected starch, sucrose and glucose accumulation and consequently impacted root and rosette growth responses. In summary, we propose that S6K1 constitutes a missing molecular link where day-length perception, nutrient availability and TOR pathway activity converge to coordinate growth responses with environmental conditions.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

Differences in Radiological Risk Perceptions Following Online and In-Person Workshops.

Nuclear energy is widely regarded as a critical part of the pathway toward a secure, low-carbon electricity grid, yet long-term management of used nuclear fuel remains a persistent challenge. Although technically viable options for interim and consolidated storage exist, public concern and community opposition - rooted in historical distrust and risk perception - continue to complicate siting decisions. In response, recent federal efforts have emphasized collaboration-based approaches and community engagement, though empirical evidence on the effectiveness of different engagement strategies remains limited. This study examines how the structure and delivery of community engagement influence changes in public attitudes toward hosting interim used nuclear fuel storage facilities. Using survey data from 13 educational workshops around the United States, we evaluate: (1) the inclusion of trust-building content prior to technical content, and (2) engagement format, comparing online and in-person workshops. Analyses focus on participant changes in perceptions of safety, risk, and support for hosting, using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and other non-parametric hypothesis tests on surveys conducted before and after workshops. Results indicate that workshop participation is associated with some measurable attitude changes, with significant (p < 0.05) differences in response variability for some questions across workshop formats. In particular, when comparing nuclear energy to other clean energy sources, in-person workshop participants are substantially more likely to gain a more favorable opinion of nuclear energy than online participants. These findings contribute empirical evidence on how trust-building and delivery mode shape outcomes in public engagement on complex and contested energy policy issues such as storage of used nuclear fuel.

nuclear fuel cycle↗

PubMed2025

Dual localization of JA receptor, CaCOI2, explains JA perception dynamics in chickpea.

Jasmonates (JAs) are a group of oxylipin-derived phytohormones involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and regulate plant development. JAs are perceived by receptor proteins called coronatine insensitive (COI). These JA receptors encode F-box proteins that form the SCFCOI ubiquitin ligase complex (comprising Skp, Cullin, and F-box) and activate JA signaling by promoting the degradation of the transcriptional repressor JAZ (JA associated ZIM domain containing) proteins via the 26S proteasomal pathway. However, JA signaling is not well understood in chickpea, a vital legume. In this study, we identified two potential chickpea JA receptors, named CaCOI1 and CaCOI2, and characterized CaCOI2 as a functional JA receptor. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that CaCOI2 is localized outside the nucleus but moves into the nucleus upon JA perception to activate signaling. Using domain-swapping experiments between CaCOI1 and CaCOI2, we demonstrated that the leucine-rich repeat region of the receptors, which interacts with bioactive JA such as JA-Isoleucine, also plays a crucial role in controlling the subcellular localization of CaCOI proteins. Our findings identify a functional JA receptor in chickpea and reveal new aspects of JA signaling and perception, which may also be relevant to other plants.

Cicer↗

PubMed2026

Experiences and perceptions of lay bystanders responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A qualitative systematic review.

BACKGROUND: To synthesize the experiences and perceptions of lay bystanders before, during, and after responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. METHODS: Seven English and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to July 31, 2026, supplemented with citation tracking. Two reviewers independently selected studies, appraised methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research, and extracted the findings and supporting illustrations. Unequivocal and credible findings were synthesized using JBI meta-aggregation, and confidence was assessed using confidence in the evidence from reviews of qualitative research. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 209 participants were included. Thirty-three findings were grouped into 12 categories and 4 were synthesized findings concerning the motivators and inhibitors of response, recognition and appraisal of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, conditions facilitating or impeding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator use, and post-event psychological responses and adjustment. Confidence in the evidence from reviews of qualitative research was moderate for the 1st 3 synthesized findings, and low for the 4th. CONCLUSION: Bystander response is a continuum that extends from event recognition and action to post-event adjustment. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest systems should provide realistic preparations, clear on-scene support, proportionate information, and psychological support after an event.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genetically Modified and Gene-Edited Organisms-Objectives, Public Perception and Applications.

Genetic modification and genome editing have become important tools in agriculture, animal production, biotechnology, and human medicine, but their safety and societal acceptance remain subjects of debate. This review examines genetically modified (GM) and gene-edited organisms, distinguishing transgenesis from precision genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editing, and prime editing. Representative applications in crops, livestock, pharmaceutical production, and xenotransplantation are discussed, together with their regulatory framework and public perception. Current scientific assessments indicate that approved GM foods are not inherently more hazardous to human health than their conventional counterparts when evaluated case by case. Potential benefits include improved nutritional quality, biofortification, disease resistance, increased agricultural efficiency, production of therapeutic proteins, and applications in animal health and medicine. Possible concerns include allergenicity, toxicity, unintended genetic or phenotypic effects, altered nutritional composition, environmental consequences, animal welfare issues, and uncertainties associated with long-term or large-scale deployment. Public acceptance varies substantially according to geographical region, application, cultural and ethical considerations, regulatory environment, scientific literacy, and institutional trust. Overall, GM and gene-edited organisms should not be considered a homogeneous category. Their benefits, risks, and societal acceptability depend on the specific organism, genetic modification, intended trait, and context of use, supporting a balanced, evidence-based, and case-specific approach.

acceptance↗

PubMed2026

Perceptions of Pharmacogenomic Testing Among People With Treatment Resistant Depression: Legitimization as a Facilitator of Acceptance.

Pharmacogenomic testing for psychiatric medications has been proposed as both an early intervention to optimize treatment response, and for use among patients who have tried multiple medications without symptom remission. Therefore, this testing may be particularly salient to the subset of individuals with major depressive disorder for whom depression has been labeled as "treatment resistant". Understanding the impact of this diagnostic label on illness identity and attitudes towards new therapies is important as genomic technology expands and rates of depression increase. We sought to explore perceptions and attitudes towards pharmacogenomic testing among individuals who had received a diagnosis of treatment resistant depression. We conducted a qualitative study with a constructivist orientation. Participants were recruited from a larger genomic research study and interviewed by phone or video call. We took an inductive approach to coding guided by reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were then organized into a relational framework following principles of interpretive description. Twelve individuals were interviewed. Key themes included internalized acceptance/hopelessness, and external validation/frustration, which were cyclically interconnected. These themes were situated within a larger framework illustrating the ways that illness identity and modifying factors such as relief of guilt, social support, pharmacogenomic testing and depressive symptoms can either facilitate acceptance and validation or contribute to feelings of hopelessness and frustration. Though participants expressed some skepticism around its effectiveness, pharmacogenomic testing may contribute to the shift towards acceptance and validation by legitimizing individuals' experiences with lack of treatment response. Genetic counselors and other healthcare providers should be aware of the complex balance between hope and frustration underlying conversations around pharmacogenomic testing, and factors that are more likely to foster self-acceptance.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Eugenics and polygenic embryo screening: Public, clinician, and patient perceptions of conditions versus traits.

PURPOSE: Polygenic embryo screening (PES) estimates an embryo's genetic chances of developing complex conditions (eg, cancer) and traits (eg, height). Stakeholders have raised concerns that PES promotes eugenic practices and ideology. METHODS: We surveyed a nationally representative sample of the US public on approval of screening embryos for 12 conditions and 12 traits and examined the association between disapproval and concern about eugenics. We also conducted semistructured interviews with US-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists and patients undergoing in vitro fertilization on their perspectives toward PES. RESULTS: Among the US public (n = 1423), disapproval of screening embryos for traits has a stronger association with concern that PES promotes eugenics than disapproval of screening embryos for conditions. Interviews with reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists (n = 27) and patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (n = 26) suggest that perceptions of PES as eugenic were more common when discussing screening and selecting for or against traits versus selecting against conditions. CONCLUSION: Results suggest PES for traits is more frequently associated with eugenics and perceived often as unacceptable, whereas PES for conditions is perceived sometimes as acceptable. Future research should explore whether the distinction between conditions and traits is meaningful in the definition of eugenics and/or approval of genomics-based embryo selection and how that influences clinical practices and policy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Wounds that echo: community perceptions of the socio-structural determinants of community violence in post-apartheid South Africa in the context of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated public health measures significantly altered the social, economic, and psychological landscape of communities worldwide. In South Africa, the post-COVID-19 period has been marked by a notable surge in homicide rates and interpersonal and community violence. Using a combined structural and social disorganisation framework, this qualitative study critically explores community members' perceptions of the socio-structural factors contributing to community violence, in the context of COVID-19. Utilising data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study examines the lived experiences of residents in a marginalised high-risk South African community, unpacking the interplay between structural inequities, social disintegration, and community violence. Community violence emerged not as periodic or individual, but as structurally generated, geographically concentrated, and socially normalised. The findings demonstrate that community violence is perceived as being embedded in cycles of survival, where long-standing systemic inequality, economic precarity, spatial disadvantage, and institutional neglect and inequity generate contexts in which community violence becomes normalised and self-reinforcing. The study findings advocate for interventions that not only address immediate catalysts of violence but also the deeper historical and structural determinants of violence in the post-pandemic era, while ensuring preparedness for effective violence prevention during future pandemics.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Moral of the Story-Perception of Leadership With Moral Distress in Registered Nurses: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

AIM: To understand how Registered Nurses perceive the impact of nursing leadership on managing moral distress and mitigating burnout. BACKGROUND: Moral distress and burnout are pervasive issues in nursing, compromising well-being, patient safety and workforce sustainability. Leadership is a critical factor in shaping workplace culture and mitigating these challenges, yet evidence remains limited. DESIGN: Qualitative systematic review. METHODS: A qualitative systematic review was conducted following JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus identified 5927 articles, with two studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and synthesised via meta-aggregation. Confidence in findings was assessed using the ConQual approach. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) Behind the barriers, (2) Breaking point, (3) Weathering the storm and (4) Leadership for lasting change. Leadership influenced nurses' psychological safety, ethical decision-making and resilience. Inadequate support amplified moral distress, and effective strategies included authentic communication, team solidarity and systemic interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Leadership plays a pivotal role in mitigating moral distress and burnout. Evidence highlights the need for structural changes and support to sustain registered nurses' well-being and retention. RELATIVE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings offer direction for leadership strategies that promote ethical workplaces, shared decision-making and mental health supports to enhance resilience and patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Strengthening leadership capability is vital for workforce sustainability, care quality and nurse retention. REPORTING METHOD: Authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not involve patients or the public in its design, conduct or reporting.

Leadership↗

PubMed2025

Intersectionality in a sociogenomic world: How do race, disability, socioeconomic status, and polygenic prediction interact to affect perceptions of educational trajectories?

PURPOSE: Education is important for lifelong skills and economic growth; however, student placement decisions may be shaped by social biases. As genomic information captured via polygenic scores becomes more available, it may also inform student placement decisions. We assessed the intersectional effects of polygenic scores, race, disability, and socioeconomic status on US adults' views of educational trajectories using an online experimental survey design. METHODS: A total of 1367 US adults were randomized to one of 16 conditions and prompted to read a short vignette about a boy named Michael, also depicted in an image. Each condition varied Michael's race (Black/White), disability (wheelchair user/no), socioeconomic status (high/low), and polygenic score (high/low) for educational attainment (EA-PGS). After reading the vignette, the respondents were asked to answer multichoice questions about Michael's immediate and long-term educational trajectories. RESULTS: Variation in Michael's EA-PGS strongly influenced participants' expectations regarding (1) the most appropriate immediate educational program for Michael (ie, general, special, or gifted education), (2) whether he would graduate high school, and, if so, (3) the highest educational degree he would complete in his lifetime (associate, bachelor, master, or PhD). Across these responses, high EA-PGS was associated with more socially desirable outcomes, whereas the opposite was true for low EA-PGS. Depicting Michael in a wheelchair significantly influenced respondents' expectations that his most appropriate immediate educational trajectory would be special. There were significant interactions between Michael's race, disability, socioeconomic status, and the EA-PGS. CONCLUSION: Information about children's EA-PGS may affect their views about their immediate and long-term educational trajectories. The negative effects of low EA-PGS were comparable to those of high EA-PGS. The EA-PGS may be interpreted in ways that compound the existing stereotypes related to a child's race, disability, and socioeconomic status.

Humans↗

PubMed2018

TAS2R38 Predisposition to Bitter Taste Associated with Differential Changes in Vegetable Intake in Response to a Community-Based Dietary Intervention.

Although vegetable consumption associates with decreased risk for a variety of diseases, few Americans meet dietary recommendations for vegetable intake. TAS2R38 encodes a taste receptor that confers bitter taste sensing from chemicals found in some vegetables. Common polymorphisms in TAS2R38 lead to coding substitutions that alter receptor function and result in the loss of bitter taste perception. Our study examined whether bitter taste perception TAS2R38 diplotypes associated with vegetable consumption in participants enrolled in either an enhanced or a minimal nutrition counseling intervention. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells of study participants (N = 497) and analyzed for polymorphisms. Vegetable consumption was determined using the Block Fruit and Vegetable screener. We tested for differences in the frequency of vegetable consumption between intervention and genotype groups over time using mixed effects models. Baseline vegetable consumption frequency did not associate with bitter taste diplotypes (P = 0.937), however after six months of the intervention, we observed an interaction between bitter taste diplotypes and time (P = 0.046). Participants in the enhanced intervention increased their vegetable consumption frequency (P = 0.020) and within this intervention group, the bitter non-tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters had the largest increase in vegetable consumption. In contrast, in the minimal intervention group, the bitter tasting participants reported a decrease in vegetable consumption. Bitter-non tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters increased vegetable consumption in either intervention more than those who perceive bitterness. Future precision medicine applications could consider genetic variation in bitter taste perception genes when designing dietary interventions.

Adolescent↗