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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

The performance of children with auditory perceptual disorders on a time-compressed speech discrimination measure.

A time-compressed version of the PB-K 50 speech discrimination measure was administered to 20 children diagnosed as displaying auditory perceptual disorders. Results indicated that these children performed equally well at both 0 and 30% time compression. Performance decreased significantly at 60% time compression. Comparison of the results with normative data indicated that performance of the two groups of children was similar at the 30% time compression condition but that children with auditory perceptual disorders performed poorer at both 0 and 60% time compression. The results were discussed relative to short-term memory abilities.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1976

[Perceptual disorders in childhood].

Cross-sectional findings in form of performance profiles of 71 severely language disturbed children three to ten years old corroborate the hypothesis that beside disturbances of complex performances, such as language, disturbances of earlier developmental performances mainly of the sensory-motor level can be observed. The prerequisites of these complex and of sensory-motor performances include different levels of perceptual integration. In each of the prefil constellation a different type of perceptual dysfunction can be observed: auditory dysfunction, or tactile-kinesthetic, or intermodal, or serial dysfunction. 15 children with intermodal and 8 with serial problems were exposed to therapy for several years. The therapy attempted to stimulate the disturbed perceptual processes. Longitudinal observations demonstrated that progress became first apparent in more primitive performances, and secondly, with a time lag, in more complex performances. These findings not only confirm the original hypothesis that in these children language disturbances are secondary to perceptual disturbances, but demonstrate also the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment of children with language difficulties.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Constructional apraxia and visuoperceptive disabilities in relation to laterality of cerebral lesions.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether constructional apraxia is due to a visual perceptual disorder in right but not in left brain-damaged patients. In order to resolve this question, 36 normal controls and 73 brain-damaged patients with lesions restricted to the right (N = 30) or to the left (N = 43) cerebral hemisphere were given a graphomotor and a multiple choice version of the Benton Visual Retention Test. The graphomotor version of the V.R.T. was used as a test of constructional praxis, whereas the multiple choice version of the V.R.T. was used as a test of visual form discrimination. No difference was found between right and left brain-damaged patients with respect to incidence and severity of visuo-constructive and of visuo-perceptive disabilities. Contrary to the hypothesis, the relationship between perceptual and praxic tasks was higher in left than in right brain-damaged patients. The high level of correlation found between graphomotor and perceptual scores within the left hemispheric group was due chiefly to the poor performances obtained on both tasks by aphasic patients. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that the basis for visuoconstructive disturbances is a perceptual disorder, independently of the hemispheric side of lesion. The contrasting results of our intercorrelational study and of analogous studies reported in neuropsychological literature are interpreted as being due to sampling differences, in the absence of clearcut qualitative or quantitative differences between visuo-constructive disabilities of right and left brain-damaged patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Judo -- a contribution to rehabilitation (author's transl)].

A judo group was formed at the Wolfsburg sports club with twenty 9 to 15 years old children who received treatment at the centre for developmental diagnostics and pediatrics. The children suffered primarily from more or less pronounced cerebral motor disturbances. Other functional disturbances such as perceptual disorders, language and reactive behavioural disturbances completed the picture of minimal brain-damage. The training programme attributed more importance to functional judo exercises than to perfect judo techniques. Allowances were made for individual difficulties. After 15 months of training improvements were observed in the motor, psychological and perceptual fields. This is why the authors believe it is worthwile to consider judo also in connection with rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Prosopagnosia and the Capgras syndrome.

The Capgras syndrome is an unusual psychiatric disorder which has attracted much attention in recent years because of its striking nature and controversial etiology and pathogenesis. The question of whether some cases of Capgras syndrome are an expression of a perceptual disorder of facial recognition, i.e., prosopagnosia, is addressed in this report. Careful testing for a possible prosopagnosia revealed that in 2 newly identified cases of Capgras syndrome, the deficit was present. A deficit of facial recognition could not be appreciably detected in a group of normal female and schizophrenic controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Visuo-spatial performance following posterior parietal and lateral frontal lesions in stumptail macaques.

Three groups of four monkeys were trained to negotiate a small hand ("stylus") maze, and to use a "pointer" to guide response in a two-choice position discrimination task. One group was given bilateral lesions of posterior parietal cortex, and the second bilateral lesions of lateral frontal cortex. Postoperative impairment on the maze was evident in three of the four parietal animals, and both operated groups showed impairment on the pointer task. Since maze performance was positively associated with speed of stylus recovery in a control version of the task but was not correlated with pointer task performance, it is suggested that the parietal deficit resulted primarily from a sensory-motor dyscoordination rather than a spatial perceptual disorder. The latter could however be the cause of parietal impairment on the pointer task. Error analysis suggests an interpretation of the frontal deficit on the pointer task in terms of perseveration on position.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The learning-disabled juvenile delinquent: a case for early intervention of perceptually handicapped children.

The relationship between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency is examined from an historical perspective as well as from the author's investigations. The majority of studies suggest that learning disabilities occur with significant frequency in delinquent populations. Perceptual disorders can be a significant cause of academic underachievement and poor social adaptation among youthful offenders. Preliminary results of an investigation of the learning-disabled delinquent confirm that the perceptually handicapped child is at high risk for developing these behavioral problems. As one of the first professionals who may be involved in the evaluation and treatment of the perceptually handicapped child, the occupational therapist is a key person in effecting early intervention. Early intervention is considered of prime importance as one preventive measure of juvenile delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Dylexia in children and young adults: three independent neuropsychological syndromes.

In an attempt to delineate causal factors in dyslexia, 113 children and young adults (age-range eight to 18 years) were divided into three groups: those with brain damage who could read (n=31), those with brain damage who were dyslexic (n=53), and those without brain damage who were dyslexic (n=29). A battery of neuropsychological tests was presented to each participant. No significant differences were found between the two dyslexic groups. Three syndromes--language disorder, articulation and graphomotor dysco-ordination, and visuo-perceptual disorder--were found among the great majority of those with dyslexia. The results support a model of dyslexia as being caused by multiple independent defects in higher cortical functioning, as opposed to the theory of a single causal defect. A clinical description of each syndrome is given and models of dyslexia are discussed. The authors stress the desirability of including brain-damaged readers as a control group in any future study on causal factors in dyslexia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Investigations on the incidence of partial agnosia of sounds (author's transl)].

Stammering as a frequent speech disorder in infancy results from many causes. For instance, it is possible that a child with normal peripheral hearing may be unable to distinguish sounds by tone and therefore will repeat them incorrectly. A testing method is presented in which paired pictures are used which differ by the phonologic opposition of some stammered sounds. The results of the test in 100 children who stammer are reported. Further investigations give evidence that other perceptual disorders can be found in supposed agnosias.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1992

The cocaine experience: refuting the concept of a model psychosis?

Eighteen patients admitted to a drug dependency unit for opiate detoxification and who had recently used cocaine were asked to describe the experience based on a questionnaire. A comparison was made with 18 schizophrenic patients who completed the same questionnaire. Results showed a qualitative difference in the subjective phenomena described by the two groups. There appeared to be certain phenomena present in a cocaine induced state which appear to be specific to this state. Amongst these features are: increased intensity of colours, prominence of certain colours in illusions, i.e. red and green, and changes in light intensity. Objects appear to be more vivid and stand out, macropsia and micropsia also seem to occur in this group and paranoia if present is of a transient nature. These particular symptoms do not seem to be characteristic of a schizophrenic illness. This may therefore contradict the idea of a drug induced psychosis (in this case cocaine) as being indistinguishable from schizophrenia (the model psychosis theory).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Visual form perception in deficient and normal readers as a function of age and orthographic-linguistic familiarity.

The present investigation directly assessed the hypothesis that poor readers sustain no basic disorder in visual-spatial functioning. In order to extend pervious results to younger children, the performance of poor and normal readers from both the second and sixth grades was compared. Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography. Accordingly, non-Hebrew poor and normal readers were compared with normal readers learning Hebrew on the production of varying length Hebrew words. As anticipated, children in the non Hebrew reader groups performed comparably on this task, but the performance of these subjects was inferior to that of children in the Hebrew groups. The data support the contention that visual perceptual disorder is an unlikely source of reading disability.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

A neurological model for childhood autism.

We analyze the behavioral and motor disturbances in childhood autism. On the basis of analogy to signs and conditions seen in adult neurology, we propose that the syndrome results from dysfunction in a system of bilateral neural structures that includes the ring of mesolimbic cortex located in the mesial frontal and temporal lobes, the neostriatum, and the anterior and medial nuclear groups of the thalamus. The mesolimbic cortex is cytoarchitectonically, angioarchitectonically, and neurochemically distinct and, along with the striatum, forms the entire target area of dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons. This raises the possibility that autism is related to neuromediator imbalance in those structures. Such dysfunction might be the result of macroscopic or microscopic changes in the target area or in structures functionally influencing them, consequent to a variety of causes such as perinatal viral infection, insult to the periventricular watershed area, or genetically determined neurochemical abnormalities.

Attention↗