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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Premature fusion of facial sutures with free periosteal grafts. An experimental study with special reference to bone formation with free periosteal grafts from the tibia, the scapula and the calvarium.

The present study was undertaken to obtain more information on the bone forming mechanisms with free periosteal grafts and to study premature synostosis of facial sutures achieved with free periosteal grafts. The results are based on a material of 196 rabbits operated on at the age of two weeks. It was found that the bone forming mechanism with free periosteal grafts from the tibia, the scapula and the calvarium is essentially the same. When implanted in the tibialis anterior muscle of the leg of the same animal they all produced bone. The mechanism of bone formation is reminiscent of the enchondral bone formation seen in fracture healing. There is no difference in the bone forming mechanism with the periosteum from an enchondrally ossifying bone when compared with the periosteum of an intramembranously ossifying bone. In all the three different periosteal grafts studied, there was a cartilage stage before bone formation. In the muscle, all these three periosteal grafts, in spite of their tubular or membranous bone origin, produced bones tubular in shape. When the transplants were overlying the membranaceous facial bones, membrane shaped bone developed via intramembraneceous type of ossification in the recipient area. It can be concluded from these experiments that the shape and type of bone developed with free periosteal grafts depends mainly on the environmental conditions in the recipient area. Fusion of the premaxillo-maxillary and fronto-nasal sutures was achieved with free periosteal grafts from the tibia. Free periosteal grafts from the scapula and the calvarium failed to develop premature fusion of the sutures. The fusion developed due to increased bone formation in the suture area. The fusion of the premaxillo-maxillary suture stopped the growth in this area and caused a severe growth disturbance of the whole snout. The fusion of the fronto-nasal suture by the bone bridge retarded the growth of the nasal bone on the fused side and led to deviation of the snout to the operated side. Compensatory changes developed in other sites of the cranio-facial skeleton in order to minimize the effects of the growth disturbance. The fused fronto-nasal suture was used as a model to study the treatment of premature synostosis of facial bones. Resection of the fused area led to correction of the developed growth disturbance and to subsequent normal growth of the snout.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Periostitis or, rather, periosteal appositions in paediatrics (author's transl)].

In relation to a case of multiple fatigue fractures definitely diagnosed by scintigraphy and xerography, the authors report two other previous cases of spontaneous fractures at a single site in which the diagnosis was made only after surgical biopsy and histological examination. Recalling the frequent confusion arising in children between periosteal appositions and osteomyelitis or Ewing's sarcoma, and the different radiological phases of this type of fracture, they stress the necessity for a maximum effort to demonstrate the key element in the diagnosis: the cortical fissure. The latter is often minimal, at the limit of visibility and developing late. Thus repeated examinations and the use of special radiological techniques are necessary.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Osteogenic capacity of periosteal grafts. A qualitative and quantitative study of membranous and tubular bone periosteum in young rabbits.

A standardized model, permitting only periosteal bone formation, has been applied for qualitative and quantitative studies on the osteogeneses from periosteal grafts. The periosteum from the tibia was grafted to the skull and vice versa. The investigation also included the study of periosteal bone formation combined with other osteogenic factors. A total of 78 operations were performed on the tibias and skulls of 43 growing rabbits. For qualitative studies ordinary histological methods were used. Tibial periosteal grafts to skull defects started bone formation already after 2 weeks and, via a very small amount of woven bone, compact bone and bone marrow was formed after 8-10 weeks. Combined epidural and subperiosteal bone formation gave a calvarial bone. Skull periosteal grafts to tibial defects started bone formation somewhat later, but, after more woven bone as an intermediate stage, the defect had healed with thick compact bone and bone marrow after about the same period. For quantitative studies the newly formed periosteal bone was removed, dry-weighted and ashed. The ashes were dissolved in HCl for spectrophotometric determination of total Ca content, which was used as a quantitative measure of bone amount. Tibial periosteum grafted to a calvarial defect halved its bone forming capacity but compared to the in situ skull periosteal potential, the capacity was tripled. This meant that the defect was completely healed. Calvarial periosteum was much less potent than was the tibial periosteum, when both were grafted to skull defects. However, when transplanted to a long bone defect the former increased its bone forming capacity 5 times compared to its original one as an in situ flap. Environmental functional demands seem to influence the type of bone formation and the final structure of the new bone. On the other hand, there are differences between long and membranous bone periosteum regarding the amount of bone formed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The role of periosteal tension in the growth of long bones.

Vertical or circumferential periosteal incisions were made over one tibia of anaesthetized rats, supplemented by localized periosteal stripping in two of the experimental groups. The rats were killed 5 weeks later and tibial lengths measured. Circumferential periosteal division plus periosteal elevation produced the greatest ipsilateral increase in tibial length. In this group of rats the alignment of cortical blood vessels provided evidence that sliding of the periosteum and a release of periosteal tension are associated with the gain in length. However, anisomelia, though not seen following vertical periosteal division alone, did occur after vertical division and periosteal stripping. This supports suggestions that both growth plate decompression and vascular phenomena influence skeltal growth rates after trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Periostitis associated with myelofibrosis.

Two patients with myelofibrosis developed fever, leg pain and periostitis. The first patient had myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia and was symptomatic for months before x-rays showed periosteal new bone formation in the lower extremities. He subsequently developed periostitis of both upper extremities. Radiation of the lower extremities resulted in significant pain relief. The second patient had a past history of polycythemia vera and experienced painful periostitis of the tibiae and fibulae. 99mTechnetium pyrophosphate bone scans showed increased uptake in the involved bones in both patients. Asymptomatic or painful periostitis may be related to the increased bone blood flow associated with myelofibrosis. Radiation can afford successful palliation in the severely symptomatic patient.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1977

Lamellated periosteal reactions: a radiologic and histologic investigation.

The lamellated periosteal reaction produced in the hind limbs of seven beagle puppies following ligation of the femoral vein was used as a model for studying the mechanism of lamellated new bone formation. Rather than resulting from alternating periods of slow and fast growth, this lamellated periosteal reaction was caused by acceleration of the normal process of periosteal bone growth. This involvement is thought to explain the "physiologic" periosteal new bone of early infancy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The acute effects of periosteal stripping and medullary reaming on regional bone blood flow.

The immediate effects of surgical dissection on regional bone blood flow were studied using the hydrogen washout technique and the results were compared in mature and immature rabbits. Epiphyseal circulation in young animals was eliminated by stripping the epiphyseal periosteum, and even in mature rabbits epiphyseal blood flow was markedly reduced by periosteal stripping. This suggests that after skeletal maturity blood supply crossing from the metaphysis into the epiphysis is limited. The blood flow rate was not altered by wide reaming of the epiphyseal center in either young or old animals. The rates of bone blood flow in the metaphysis and diaphysis were not altered by separate periosteal stripping or medullary reaming in either age group. Combined reaming and stripping eliminated blood flow in the diaphyseal cortical bone, but in the metaphysis fairly rapid blood flow remained even after reaming and periosteal stripping were done. These findings suggest that arterial supply and venous drainage traverse both endosteal and periosteal surfaces, and either system is capable of sustaining adequate bone tissue circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Radiological findings in periosteal reaction due to inflammation (author's transl)].

Presentation of radiographically apparent periosteal changes due to inflammation. Solid periosteal reaction is being distinguished from an interrupted-type reaction. Some cases of acute and chronic osteomyelitis, congenital and acquired lues, bony tuberculosis, leprosy and fungal disease serve to demonstrate the different types of periosteal reaction; and a differential diagnosis is being discussed. The diagnostic evaluation should include bone scanning in addition to routine radiography with special views and follow up examinations.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1978

Revascularized periosteal grafts--a new method to produce functional new bone without bone grafting.

Rib periosteum was transplanted to the groins of 9 dogs. In half of the periosteal grafts, no microvascular anastomoses were done (free grafts); at 6 weeks after grafting they had become resorbed. The other periosteal grafts were revascularized by microvascular anastomoses of the intercostal vessels to local muscular vessels; at 6 weeks those with confirmed vascular patency had all formed substantial amounts of new bone. Five cm, full-thickness defects were created in the tibias of 10 dogs. The control animals (without grafting) did not heal in two months. However, the experimental dogs, with vascularized periosteal grafts in the defects regenerated their tibias with healthy new bone by 6 weeks--and were walking on them then.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Radiographic findings of periosteal reactions in systemic bone disorders (author's transl)].

Periosteal reaction is frequently the first sign of systemic disease affecting the skeleton, including generalized osteopathia. It can be generalized, focal, monostotic or polyostotic and shows solid, lamellary or interrrupted spiculae-like reaction. A reliable diagnosis is possible from the interpretation of these changes, as for instance with spiculae: Very dense and evenly arranged spiculae are only seen in hemolytic anemias and metastases of neurogenic tumors. Onionskin like periosteal reaction with simultaneous transformation of the diaphyseal cortex are difficult to interpret. However, in case of hyperparathyreoidism, subperiosteal resorption and transformation of the diaphyseal cortex permit precise diagnosis. Follow-up examinations have prognostic and therapeutic value. The knowledge of the different morphology of periosteal reaction associated with systemic disease (including generalized osteopathias) is important in diagnostic radiology.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1979

Osteogenesis by periosteal transplant. Experimental study of spinal fusion in rats.

Autogenous transplantation of periosteum was performed in 60 rats. Periosteum was transferred from the femur to the spinal column in the region of thoracic vertebra 8 to lumbar vertebra 2. Follow-up included histological examination and microradiography. New bone formation occurred late and the bones were of a heterotopic nature; a solid arthrodesis was not achieved. Free periosteal grafts do not exhibit the relatively predictable behavior of periosteal flaps. Greater understanding at the biomolecular level may be required before free periosteal grafts can be introduced into routine clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Periostitis of the mandible. A case report and review of the literature.

Periostitis of the mandible has not been previously discussed in the otolaryngologic literature and only infrequently in the dental literature. It is characterized by a hard, painless, fixed mass overlying the mandible in a child or young adult. The etiology is usually an endosteal infection in the molar region with periosteal inflammation. Reactive new bone is deposited beneath the elevated periosteum, external to the outer cortex of the jaw, and separated from it by a layer of suppurative fluid. Treatment consists of removal of involved teeth and infected bone, drainage of the fluid pocked and appropriate antibiotics. Patients are followed with repeat X-rays and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. A case is presented and the world literature is reviewed. The otolaryngologist should be aware of this entity and include it in the differential diagnosis of any fixed jaw mass to avoid mistaking it for a more malignant process with unfortunate consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity in periosteal cells in healing fractures.

The quantitative changes in alkaline phosphatase activity in the periosteal cells close to the fracture in rat metatarsal bones has been measured during the first 5 days postfracture. This study has been made possible by two technological advances, firstly the development of cryostat microtomy for cutting unfixed, undemineralised bone, and secondly the use of scanning and integrating microdensitometry for quantifying the activity in each periosteal cell. The results showed a loss of alkaline phosphatase activity close to the fracture site, with activity rising to normal values 0.8-1.0 mm from the site. No alkaline phosphatase activity was found in the cells which proliferated from the periosteum. It is suggested that reduced glutathione could cause such inhibition.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Periosteal new bone formation developing during haemodialysis for chronic renal failure.

Periosteal new bone formation in the pelvis is reported in five patients on maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. In two of the cases the shafts of long bones were also involved. The associated radiological and biochemical findings suggest that this unusual radiological feature may be a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In one patient in whom the plasma phosphate and calcium X phosphate [Ca X P1] product were reduced there was partial incorporation of the periosteal new bone into the underlying cortex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spiculated periosteal reaction in metastatic disease resembling osteosarcoma.

Sixteen cases of metastatic bone deposits presenting with sunburst spiculated periosteal reaction are presented. The most common origin was from prostatic carcinoma followed by neuroblastoma. A moderate soft tissue mass component was seen in 70% of the cases. The possible pathophysiologic reasons for this type of periosteal reaction are presented. The differential diagnosis is outlined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Histogenesis and Morphology of periosteal sarcomas induced by FBJ virus in NIH Swiss mice.

FBJ virus was injected i.p. into 145 neonatal NIH Swiss [N:NIH(s)] mice. Eighty mice developed a total of 110 neoplasms by 5 months of age. The mean latent period of the tumors was 71 days (26 to 145) postinjection. The frequency of occurrence of neoplasms at different sites was: diaphragm, 45%; ribs, 14%; vertebrae, 14%; femora, 9%; pelvic bones, 5%; tibiae, 4%; sternebrae, 3%; and inguinal area, 7%. The neoplasms were characterized histologically by elongated or rounded cells associated with an abundant connective tissue stroma. Occasional areas of bone formation and apparent osteoid metaplasia were seen. Bone tumors appeared to arise from periosteal cells, to grow by expansion, and to invade locally, but they failed to metastasize. Neoplasms of the diaphragm originated in the central aponeurosis and appeared histologically similar to bone neoplasms. Histochemical studies demonstrated abundant alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells, and ultrastructural observations revealed subcellular characteristics of osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Tumors were readily transplantable and had histopathological characteristics similar to those of the primary viral-induced tumors. The results of this study indicate that the FBJ virus induces in NIH Swiss mice a unique type of chondroosseous neoplasm derived from periosteal cells which has a resemblance to human juxtacortical (parosteal) osteosarcoma.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗