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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

The relationship between milk production and antibody response to ovalbumin during the peripartum period.

Suboptimal innate and immune mechanisms of host resistance during the peripartum period may contribute to increased incidence of mastitis. To evaluate associations between antibody response to ovalbumin and milk production during the peripartum period, 136 Holstein cows and heifers from three herds with known antibody response profiles, were evaluated for projected 305-d milk, protein, and fat yield. Using a previously described index (Wagter et al., 2000), cows were quantitatively classified based on their profile of antibody response to ovalbumin into high, average, or low antibody response groups. The single-effect antibody response group contributed significantly to variation in fat and protein yield, but not milk yield. The interaction between antibody response and parity significantly contributed to the variation in milk, fat, and protein yields; therefore the effects of group were reported on a within-parity basis. Among first-parity cows, low responders had a higher fat and protein yield than high or average antibody responder animals. Among older cows (parity 3 or greater) milk yield was significantly higher for those in the high antibody response group compared with average and low response groups. However, no significant differences in fat or protein yields were observed between high and low antibody response groups. These results suggest the possibility to select cows for enhanced immune response with no adverse effects on yield. That first-parity cows with low antibody response produce more fat and protein may be offset by the fact that mastitis occurrence was highest in this group in two out of three herds investigated. Selection for high immune response may prove beneficial to herd life by maintaining optimal yield, yet minimizing occurrence of disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Comparison of intraocular pressure between normotensive and preeclamptic women in the peripartum period.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether intraocular pressure differs between preeclamptic and normotensive women in the peripartum period. STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen preeclamptic (defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg and > or = 1+ proteinuria) and 18 normotensive women were studied. Intraocular pressure was determined with a handheld tonometer. Each intraocular pressure determination was obtained by repeatedly touching the cornea until signal averaging produced a single measurement with a variance < 5%. Right and left intraocular pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were obtained intrapartum and 24 hours post partum with the patient in the seated, supine, and left lateral positions. Data are reported as mean +/- SD or median (range) as appropriate. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: No differences existed in race, age, weight, gravidity, parity, cervical dilatation, and heart rate between the preeclamptic and normotensive groups. Gestational age was lower (39 [34 to 42] vs 41 [34 to 42] weeks, p = 0.003), and intrapartum mean arterial pressure (100.2 +/- 9.8 vs 81.0 +/- 8.3 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and degree of proteinuria (3 [1 to 4] vs 0, p < 0.001) were higher in the preeclamptic group. There was no effect of position or delivery on intraocular pressure in either group. Intraocular pressure was higher in the preeclamptic group in the intrapartum (18.8 +/- 3.0 vs 15.3 +/- 2.7 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and postpartum periods (20.2 +/- 4.5 vs 15.7 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Compared with normotensive women, preeclamptic women have increased intraocular pressure in the peripartum period.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Duration of experimentally induced Corynebacterium bovis colonization of bovine mammary glands during the lactating, nonlactating, and peripartum periods.

Bovine mammary glands were inoculated intracisternally with a streptomycin-resistant (SR) strain of Corynebacterium bovis to determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU) required to induce colonization and to maintain persistence of C bovis colonization throughout lactation and involution. Streptomycin resistance was used as a strain marker. Uninfected quarters in cows during midlactation were challenge exposed with successively higher numbers of SR C bovis until all quarters became colonized. Inoculum containing 790 CFU of SR C bovis established colonization in only 7 of 38 quarters. Colonization persisted in only 4 of these quarters by 23 days after inoculation. Eleven quarters were reinoculated with higher numbers of SR C bovis, and all became colonized by the time challenge-exposure inoculum contained 8 X 10(4) CFU. Colonization persisted throughout the 93-day experimental period. Somatic cell counts were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in SR C bovis-colonized quarters after inoculation than before. Sixteen additional quarters were inoculated with a mean number of 8 X 10(4) CFU of SR C bovis 7 days before suppression of lactation. All quarters became colonized, and SR C bovis was shed during the experimental period; throughout the nonlactating and peripartum periods, high numbers of SR C bovis in pure culture were shed from 13 of 16 quarters.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III in healthy cows during the peripartum period and cows with milk fever.

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a low-molecular-mass protein mainly distributed in the high-density lipoprotein fraction in cattle serum. We have recently shown that the apoC-III concentration is decreased in cows with fatty liver, ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, retained placenta and milk fever. The decrease was most distinct in milk fever, thereby suggesting that apoC-III is particularly relevant to the development of milk fever and also that apoC-III is a candidate diagnostic marker for this disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the apoC-III concentration in healthy cows is altered during the peripartum period, to assess the usefulness of apoC-III as a marker for milk fever. ApoC-III concentrations in 17 cows were monitored during the peripartum period (-48 to +12 days from parturition). Of the 17 cows, 14 were apparently healthy during the period. The apoC-III concentrations in the 14 healthy cows were unaltered during the period from -48 to -21 days, but thereafter showed individual variations. Compared with values during the period from -48 to -21 days, the apoC-III concentration was increased (137%) in 5 cows during the period from +1 to +12 days, whereas it decreased (60.7%) in 9 cows. Three cows suffered from milk fever at -3 to +10 days. Decreased apoC-III concentrations in diseased cows (15 to 37% of controls) were more distinct than in the 9 healthy cows. The apoC-III concentration was correlated with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in cows with milk fever, but not in healthy cows. Correlation analysis also indicated that apoC-III and apoB-100 concentrations were negatively correlated in 5 healthy cows with increased apoC-III concentrations, but positively in 9 healthy cows with decreased concentrations and cows with milk fever. Determination of the apoC-III concentration during the peripartum period is suggested to be helpful in diagnosing milk fever. The possible relevance of apoC-III and apoB-100 in the development of milk fever is also implied.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Fever response of sheep in the peripartum period to gram-negative and gram-positive pyrogens.

We have measured body temperatures and serum iron concentrations of sheep in the peripartum period following administration of endotoxin and Staphylococcus aureus cell walls. Both the rise in rectal temperature and the fall in serum iron concentration following intravenous injection of S. aureus were the same immediately pre- and postpartum as they were 5 weeks after parturition. The rise in rectal temperature following intravenous endotoxin injection immediately pre- and postpartum was significantly less than that of the same ewes 5 weeks later. However, the fall in serum iron concentration following endotoxin injection was significantly suppressed only prepartum. We conclude that fever is not suppressed in sheep in the peripartum period, but the response to endotoxin is suppressed, through complex processes incidental to the mechanism responsible for the maintenance of gestation and induction of labour.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Analysis of organ donors in the peripartum period.

This study was a retrospective review of 252 brain-dead potential donors from 1990 to 1996, including 5 organ donors in the peripartum period. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pregnancy on organ donor management and recipient outcome. Case analysis of 5 pregnant donors identified problems with hemodynamic stability and electrolyte abnormalities, including hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypocalcemia. In addition, blood glucose was frequently elevated. Two donors were treated for diabetes insipidus. All 5 donors produced organs for 20 transplant recipients. Five heart recipients (including 1 heart-lung), 4 liver recipients, 4 kidney recipients, and 4 pancreas-kidney recipients have reported excellent outcomes. The use of organs from brain-dead organ donors in the peripartum period has minimal impact on donor management and recipient outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Primary aldosteronism aggravated during peripartum period.

Two cases are reported of a 30-year-old and of a 28-year-old Japanese women with primary aldosteronism in whom metabolic and blood pressure abnormalities were aggravated during peripartum period. The characteristic findings in 2 present cases are as follows; 1) lower blood pressure during pregnancy, 2) elevated blood pressure during peripartum period, and 3) after parturition, serum potassium decreased, and the blood pressure elevated. The reason why the hypertension and hypokalemia associated with primary aldosteronism were ameliorated during pregnancy was thought to be due to the increased secretion of progesterone. Furthermore, the rapid recurrence of symptoms, increase in blood pressure, and hypokalemia in the post-partum period could be related to elevated prolactin and decreased progesterone levels.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2005

Immune responses during the peripartum period in dairy cows with postpartum endometritis.

Determining the immune responses to the development of endometritis during the peripartum period may assist in the development of more efficient reproductive management regimens for dairy herds. In this study, we compared the peripartum immune responses of dairy cows that develop endometritis by 4 weeks postpartum (n = 11) to cows that did not develop this disease (n = 19). Blood samples were collected 1 week before calving, just after or during calving, and then at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 postpartum. Cows that developed endometriris had significantly higher total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts than the control cows (P < 0.05) at all time points. The leukocytes from cows that developed endometritis were significantly less phagocytic than those from control cows at all sampling time points (P < 0.01). The serum TNFalpha concentrations of the control cows decreased linearly from the prepartum time point (P = 0.0029), but the endometritis cows showed a different profile (P > 0.05). As a result, the serum TNFalpha concentrations were greater in the endometritis group (P < 0.01) than in the control group during the third and fourth weeks postpartum. The greater total leukocyte numbers and neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and the maintenance of elevated serum TNFalpha levels in the cows with endometritis may be due to infection in the postpartum period. Furthermore, the decreased phagocytic capacity of leukocytes during the peripartum period, including at the prepartum time point, makes cows more susceptible to postpartum endometritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Changing pattern of oxytocin-induced excitation of neurons in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and ventrolateral septum in the peripartum period.

Oxytocin acts within the limbic system (bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and ventrolateral septum) to induce maternal behaviour and to facilitate neuroendocrine activity at specific times during the peripartum period. Studies were undertaken to determine whether the timing of these effects arises from modulation of the oxytocin-induced excitation of limbic neurons. Extracellular activity of single units was recorded on urethane-anaesthetized rats and neurons were tested for responses to intracerebroventricular injection of 1.1 ng oxytocin. In the first part, animals were recorded on days 19 and 22 of pregnancy and on days 3 and 5 of lactation. No significant differences in the basal firing rates or in the proportion of oxytocin-responsive neurons were detected, but responses by neurons on day 22 of pregnancy occurred after a significant delay (10.7 +/- 2.0 min), resulting in a smaller overall response compared to the other groups. These differences in the pattern of response were not due to changes in density of oxytocin binding in the limbic areas studied, since autoradiographic detection of oxytocin binding sites using the iodinated antagonist [125I]d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2, Thr4, Orn3, Tyr-NH2(9)]-vasotocin showed no differences between the pregnant and postpartum animals. In the second part, parturient animals (day 22 of pregnancy) received intravenous injection of the long-acting opioid antagonist naltrexone, or unilateral knife-cut lesions to the stria terminalis, a source of inhibitory inputs (including enkephalinergic) to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and ventrolateral septum. Both treatments abolished the characteristic delay of oxytocin-induced excitation in non-treated animals on day 22 of pregnancy, and increased the overall excitatory response. Thus, during the peripartum period, a population of limbic neurons sensitive to oxytocin display a dynamically changing pattern of excitatory responses, apparently modulated by an endogenous opioid cone and independent of changes in oxytocin receptor expression. The attenuated neuronal response to central oxytocin seen on the day of parturition could account for the absence of a facilitatory effect of oxytocin on neuroendocrine activity at this time.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Biological activity of LH during the peripartum period and the estrous cycle of the ewe.

Biological activity of luteinizing hormone (LH) is related to the degree of glycosylation of the glycoprotein hormone. The objectives of this study were to determine changes in biologically (BLH) and immunologically (ILH) active LH concentrations in plasma (in vitro bioassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively) and in the ratio of BLH to ILH (B:I) during the peripartum period and during the estrous cycle of the ewe. Blood samples were collected daily 4 days before through 4 days after parturition and during one estrous cycle. Also, samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 hr on Days 3 and 12 of the estrous cycle to quantify the influence of an elevated plasma concentration of progesterone (P) on the episodic secretion profiles of BLH. Progesterone concentration was determined on the 4th days pre- and post-partum, on each day of the estrous cycle and at hourly intervals on Days 3 and 12 of the cycle to investigate the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between P and BLH. The BLH and ILH concentrations were low during the peripartum period, and the B:I ratio did not increase by the 4th day postpartum. Mean ILH concentration was greater (P less than .05) in the postpartum than during the prepartum period. During the estrous cycle, mean daily B:I ratio was consistently above unity except for the day of estrus. The pre-ovulatory LH surge (BLH and ILH) was associated with a decrease (P less than .05) in the mean B:I ratio to 0.0065. Mean concentrations of BLH and ILH in plasma samples collected every 15 min on Day 12 were similar to Day 3 of the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Cardiff puerperal mood and hormone study. III. Postnatal depression at 5 to 6 weeks postpartum, and its hormonal correlates across the peripartum period.

BACKGROUND: We assessed associations of mood at 5-6 weeks postpartum with peripartum saliva cortisol and progesterone profiles. METHOD: A prospective study involved 120 primiparous women free of major marital, socioeconomic and health problems, who collected saliva twice daily from 2 weeks before delivery to day 35 postpartum. This allowed intensive characterisation of cortisol and progesterone profiles. At the conclusion of the study, mood was assessed according to standard criteria. RESULTS: Seven women developed major depression according to DSM-III-R criteria. No associations emerged between progesterone and mood at 5 to 6 weeks. Lower levels of evening cortisol in the immediate peripartum period, were associated with postnatal depression. CONCLUSION: The study provides no support for the treatment strategy of progesterone augmentation following delivery, as a prophylactic against postnatal depression. The HPA axis and its associations with postnatal mood warrants further investigation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Changes of cardiac function and hemodynamics in peripartum period].

Doppler's echocardiography was used to measure the changes of cardiac function and hemodynamics in peripartum period of 30 healthy women. The results showed that heart rate, body weight, body surface area, left ventricular mass (LVM), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (delta D%), diastolic dimension (Dd), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and A/E ratio were significantly lowered within the first few postpartum days. However, the mean blood pressure (MBP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were markedly increased (P < 0.01) in contrast to that of antepartum. Aorta diastolic dimension (AODd), aorta systolic dimension (AODs), maximum velocity (Vmax) and velocity time integral (VTI) were significantly different between before and after delivery. It may result from eliminated weight load, decreased blood volume load, and low circulating estrogen and progestogen levels and reduced physiological effects. It showed a great adaptability of cardiovascular system in healthy women to physiological load.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Beta-carotene and vitamin A effects on bovine phagocyte function in vitro during the peripartum period.

The effects of in vitro supplementation of beta-carotene, retinol, and retinoic acid on phagocyte function during the peripartum period were assessed. Blood was collected at wk -4, -1, 0 (calving), 1, and 4; mammary secretions were collected at wk -1, 0, 1, and 4 from 14 Holstein cows for the isolation of phagocytic cells. Blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mammary macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (phagocytic cells) were assayed for phagocytic and intracellular kill abilities of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of beta-carotene and retinol at 10(-8) and 10(-7) M and retinoic acid at 10(-9) and 10(-8) M. Phagocytosis by blood or milk phagocytic cells was not influenced by beta-carotene. However, beta-carotene enhanced kill by blood and milk phagocytic cells during certain prepartum and post-partum periods. In contrast to beta-carotene, retinol and retinoic acid either had no effect or suppressed phagocytosis and kill. These results are interpreted to suggest a mechanism by which beta-carotene affords the mammary gland protection against infection, i.e., through enhanced intracellular kill by phagocytes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of new-onset seizures in the peripartum period. Should human immunodeficiency virus infection be considered a cause?

The case histories of two women who developed new-onset seizures in the peripartum period of their pregnancies are presented. These two women had divergent medical histories and prenatal courses. Both women developed grand mal seizures that could be attributed to several established etiologies, yet no specific diagnoses were made. Although their risk factors for developing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were quite different, both women subsequently were confirmed as HIV positive. Since new-onset seizures have been described as a presenting symptom of HIV infection in other studies, the seizures experienced by these two women could be the presenting symptom of their HIV infection. The authors suggest that HIV testing should be considered for any pregnant woman who develops new-onset seizures during the course of her pregnancy, regardless of her risk factor assessment for HIV infection.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Unusually high incidence of positive HTLV I/II results among young female organ donors in the peripartum period.

HTLV I and II are unusual retroviruses associated with multiple neurologic and hematologic disorders. We observed an unusually high incidence of HTLV I-II seropositivity among young and middle-aged female organ donors, especially among those in the peripartum period. Ethical issues may arise when informing the families as well as when deciding whether to use organs from these donors. Further confirmatory tests may be difficult to obtain because of time and economic constraints associated with organ procurement.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Myocardial infarction in the peripartum period in a 42-year-old multipara with normal coronary arteries].

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during pregnancy and puerperium is very rare. With a growing number of older women giving birth, AMI may become more common complication of pregnancy. We present a 42-year-old multipara with coagulation disorders in pregnancy who suffered from AMI in the peripartum period, documented by ECG, cardiac markers and echocardiography, with normal coronary arteries on angiogram. In conclusion, AMI in pregnancy may be different entity than AMI complicating coronary artery disease. It seems that the main causes of AMI in this population may not be atherosclerotic plaques, but reversible factors, i.e. vessel spasm or coagulation disorders. This may explain why in our patient symptoms of AMI were dramatic in spite of a small area of necrosis and normal coronary angiograms.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Squamous and trophoblastic cells in the maternal pulmonary circulation identified by invasive hemodynamic monitoring during the peripartum period.

The antemortem diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism has traditionally relied on the identification of amniotic fluid debris in the maternal circulation by central venous or pulmonary arterial catheterization. Pulmonary artery blood specimens from 14 term pregnant women with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension suggest that squamous or trophoblastic cells may be normally present in the maternal pulmonary circulation during the peripartum period and that their presence is not pathognomonic of clinically significant amniotic fluid embolism.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed2005

[Mental disorders in the peripartum period--early detection and multi-professional cooperation].

Given the great prevalence of mood disorders in early motherhood, the danger of chronic, particularly depressive mood disorders and the negative long-term effects on the socio-emotional development of the child requires specific and individual treatment. Midwives could serve as mediators between women patients and health care professionals. Therefore the project "Early detection and care of peripartum mood disorders, increasing options for reaching affected women" was initiated by the "German chapter of the International Marce Society" in cooperation with midwives. This paper presents results of the preliminary investigation. 111 midwives were interviewed in 12 centres in Germany, Switzerland and Austria regarding their experience and knowledge of psychic disturbances in early motherhood. Psychic disturbances are seen as an essential issue by the participating midwives. In their estimation 39 % of the pregnant women they cared for are exceptionally psychically burdened. In approximately 43 % of the cases they believe that the physical complaints of pregnant women have a psychic background. In addition to "classic" mood complaints, midwives often perceive dysfunctions in the relationship between the mother and her child and that with her partner in the context of psychic disturbances during the peripartum period. In the diagnosis of psychic disturbances in early motherhood, attention should be paid to possible dysfunctional interactions between the mother and her child and that with her partner. Successful treatment of women with psychic disturbances in early motherhood requires cooperation between midwives, obstetricians and other health professionals.

Adult↗