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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC), isolated by density gradient techniques with Ficoll-Hypaque, contain T- and B-lymphocytes and monocytes. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was measured in PMC subfractions consisting of T-lymphocyte-enriched, T-lymphocyte-depleted, and monocyte-depleted populations. The T-cell-enriched populations consistently showed enhancement of AHH activity with both the fluorometric and radiometric technique when compared to the total PMC population. This enhanced AHH activity was observed when T-cell-enriched populations were isolated either before or after 96 hr of lymphocyte culture, by the sheep red blood cell rosette method, or by the nylon wool column technique before lymphocyte culture. T-cell-depleted populations (B-cell enriched) obtained by sheep red blood cell rosette method had diminished AHH activity. Monocytes were shown to contribute to the total PMC AHH activity through an indirect technique by first depleting the monocytes from PMC with the carbonyl iron method. The monocyte-depleted populations had less AHH activity than did the total PMC population after both 24 and 96 hr of culture. The greatest amount of AHH activity was present in PMC populations with their native number of monocytes when cultured for 96 hr in the presence of mitogens.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1978

In vitro studies of suppressor cell function in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal donors, pre-cultured at 37 degrees C for 24 hr before the addition of mitogen, demonstrated an enhanced proliferative response. This may be due to the loss of a subpopulation of suppressor cells during the incubation period. Still further enhancement was observed when pre-culturing was prolonged for 48 hr, while cells pre-incubated at 4 degrees C showed no increased responsiveness. Concanavalin A (Con A) pre-activated PBMC supressed the mitogen response of responder cells. More marked suppression was observed when the concentration of Con A used to induce the suppressor cells was increased. It was not possible to activate suppressor function in cells which had been kept in vitro for longer than 48 hr. These findings support the concept of the existence and function of suppressor cells, and that the suppressive influence is short-lived in vitro culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Monocyte dependence of pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) lost the capacity to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) when depleted of adherent cells (AC). The diminished responsiveness of the nonadherent cells (NAC) could not be ascribed to cell death, altered PWM dose response characteristics, or a change in the length of incubation required to generate a response. Supplementation with autologous or homologous AC, but not 2-mercaptoethanol, restored the capacity of NAC to generate ISC after PWM stimulation. By standard criteria AC were found to contain 85 to 90% monocytes. Furthermore, the monocytes and not the few lymphocytes contaminating the AC were responsible for restoring PWM responsiveness to the NAC. PWM-induced DNA synthesis of NAC also was markedly reduced compared to PBM. Again, supplementation with monocytes restored responsiveness to NAC. The monocyte dependence of PWM-induced proliferation and generation of ISC was most apparent when cultural conditions were employed that limited cell-to-cell interaction.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1979

The heterogeneity of Fc receptors on human peripheral mononuclear blood cells.

Fc-receptor positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) behaved differently after a temperature shift from 4 to 37 degrees. Two types could be distinguished. Type I FcRI+PMBC were transformed to FcR-while type II FcRII+PMBC retained their FcR as measured by EA rosettes. The supernatants of the PMBC or the shed receptor purified on a Sepharose 4B-aggregated human IgG column blocked the EAR formation of FcRI+PMBC but had no effect on EAR information of FcRII+PMBC. An investigation was made into the reason why rosette formation by Fcrii+ cells could not be inhibited by FcRI. As an explanation, the role of differences in affinity or subclass specificity was excluded while the binding site(s) on the IgG molecule for FcRI and II proved to be different. The FcRII+PMBC had a greater cellular avidity for sensitized erythrocytes than FcRI+PMBC. The different states of FcR-s in the cell membrane are discussed as a possible source of heterogeneity.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1979

Endogenous erythroid colony formation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with polycythemia vera or myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia were studied for their erythroid colony growth characteristics in plasma clot cultures. In both diseases, erythroid colonies formed early in culture in the absence of added erythropoietin (endogenous colonies). In no instance did early, endogenous colony formation occur with peripheral blood cells from normals or patients with secondary polycythemia. A normal response to erythropoietin was observed with both control and patients' peripheral blood cells. Spleen mononuclear cells obtained from one patient with myelofibrosis also produced endogenous colonies and showed a response to erythropoietin. This study suggests that culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells might serve as a useful tool in discriminating polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the relative cytotoxic effector cell capabilities and the proportions of cells bearing various surface markers in human tonsil and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The relative cytotoxic effector cell capabilities and the proportions of cells bearing various surface markers in human tonsil and peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been studied. The peripheral blood contained a substantial proportion of monocytes (22 +/- 2.9%) compared to tonsil cell suspensions (2.5 +/- 0.3%). The percentages of T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the blood than in the tonsil (P is less than 0.01); however, the percentages of cells forming rosettes with 7S EA were not significantly different in each group (P greater than 0.5). Mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity by blood and tonsil mononuclear cells against Chang cells was proportional to the percentages of T lymphocytes in these cell suspensions, and both antibody-dependent and mitogen-induced cellular cytoxicity against sheep red blood cells was proportional to the percentages of monocytes in these suspensions. Tonsil mononuclear cell suspensions were incapable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against Chang cells, whereas blood mononuclear cells functioned normally. These findings are in contrast to the findings of similar percentages of Fc receptor-positive lymphocytes in blood and tonsil mononuclear cell suspensions. Previous studies have shown that the effector cells against antibody-coated Chang cells are Fc receptor-positive lymphocytes. These studies show that in the case of cytotoxicity mediated by an Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid cell, there may be a clear discrepancy between the relative proportions of Fc-bearing lymphoid cells in different organs and the relative levels of cytotoxicity.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1979

Modulation by thymus-derived (T) cells of thyroid cell-stimulated prostaglandin E release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Cultures of plastic-adherent, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells generated prostaglandin E (PGE). Culture of the adherent cells (predominantly monocytes) with human thyroid cells enhanced PGE accumulation in the medium, although to a lesser degree than occurs with unseparated blood mononuclear cells. Recombination of the adherent cells with monocyte-depleted, nonadherent cells restored both basal and thyroid cell-stimulated PGE generation to the levels seen with unseparated cells. Thymus-derived (T) cells, obtained by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes, similarly enhanced both the adherent cell basal PGE production as well as the increased PGE accumulation that occurs in the presence of thyroid cells (50-120% augmentation by the T cells). Significant augmentation of thyroid cell-stimulated PGE release by 10(5) adherent cells occurred with the addition of as few as 5 x 10(4) T cells. Culture medium transfer experiments and separation of cell types during culture by a semipermeable membrane provided evidence against the possibility that the adherent cells were releasing a factor that stimulated T-cell PGE generation or that T cells were releasing a factor that enhanced adherent cell PGE generation. The results suggest instead that this T-cell effect requires direct contact with the adherent cells. These data demonstrate the importance of human T cells in the release by adherent cells of PGE, a mediator of suppressor function by some immune cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Surface immunoglobulin density on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The densities of surface immunoglobulin (slg) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) of normals and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were analyzed using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). PBM were labeled with fluorescein conjugates of F(ab')2 fragments of affinity chromatography-purified anti-Fab or class-specific anti-mu, anti-delta, anti-gamma, or anti-alpha. Histograms of relative cell fluorescence, rems of relative cell fluorescence, reflecting slg density, were prepared with the FACS. Anti-Fab-labeled normal PBM demonstrated a homogeneous low-density peak that when separated by the FACS and analyzed cytochemically consisted predominantly of monocytes, whereas brighter-staining cells were predominantly lymphocytes. Anti-mu and anti-delta labeled 9.0% and 8.5% of normal PBM, respectively, the slg+ cells being virtually all lymphocytes. Cells labeled by anti-gamma exhibited low homogeneous slg density and consisted of more than 80% monocytes. No normal or leukemic PBM were labeled by anti-alpha. All slg-positive cells (less than 5% monocytes) from 12 of 13 patients with CLL had very low homogeneous densities of slg and bore slgM, Whereas cells from 9 of 13 and 2 of 13 patients bore slgD and slgG, respectively. Similarly, PBM from 2 patients with HCL exhibited low and homogeneous densities of algM, slgD, and slgG, whereas those from a third patient bore only slgG. By contrast, the density of slgM and PBM derived from 3 patients with LCL was very high; slgD and slgG densities varied from very high to undetectable in these patients. The different homogeneous densities of slg on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with CLL, HCL, and LCL suggest that these diseases represent malignant transformation of different B-lymphocyte subpopulations.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1979

Induction of autoreactive cells by the preculture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the autologous fresh plasma.

An AMLR in which precultured cells proliferated in response to fresh non-T cells is described. In our system, the responder is human peripheral blood mononuclear cells precultured in the autologous fresh plasma for up to 16 days, and the stimulator is fresh autologous non-T cells. Results suggested that there were two subpopulations of autoreactive cells obtained from the preculture; the high and low density small lymphocytes, both having ERF activity. The autoreactivity of low density cells was augmented when either macrophages or N-ERF-cells were depleted from PBM and thereafter precultures wre performed. A survey of the functional characteristics of the responding cells showed that the responding cells had NK activity against Molt-4 cells but had no significant ADCC activity against target CRBC. Mechanisms for the induction of autoreactive cells by the preculture in the presence of autologous fresh plasma are discussed.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1978

In vitro effects of Epstein-Barr virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 control subjects were cultured in vitro for 30 days with and without infection by Epstein-Barr virus. All cultures showed polyclonal stimulation of B cells as indicated by rising levels of IgM in the culture supernates, reaching maximal at 18-24 days, and with no quantitative or kinetic difference between the RA and control cells. IgM anti-IgG was also produced in both groups and maximally at 18-24 days, but in greater quantity by the RA lymphocytes. The anti-IgG made by the RA lymphocytes was more easily absorbed by solid phase IgG than was the anti-IgG made by the normal lymphocytes and thus was judged to be of higher affinity. RA lymphocytes uninfected with EBV had higher transformation scores than did the normal controls and developed spontaneously into permanent cell lines in six instances.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1978

Proliferative and interferon responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after bone marrow transplantation in humans.

The capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bone marrow transplant recipients to proliferate and produce interferon in response to mitogens and specific antigens was tested. Proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen occurred in cells from more than 90% of the recipients, and interferon was present in 60 to 70% of the supernatants from these cultures, even when tested as soon as 8 weeks after transplantation. Proliferation in response to bacterial antigens was infrequent, and interferon release was not detected. In the early post-transplantation period (less than 13 weeks), cells from only two of four cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody-positive patients proliferated normally in response to CMV antigen and interferon release was detected only once. In the late post-transplantation period (more than 13 weeks), in only two of five instances did cells proliferating in response to CMV antigen release interferon. The response to CMV antigen of mononuclear cells from many transplant recipients differs from that of cells from normal controls.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Hemopoietic reconstitution following autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cell infusions.

We have undertaken a series of experiments using a canine model to determine the minimal number of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood mononuclear cells needed to protect animals from otherwise lethal total body irradiation. We further have compared the kinetics of engraftment using hemopoietic cells from these two sources. Animals engrafted with bone marrow required .25 X 10(8) nucleated bone marrow cells/kg to protect them; those engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells required 6.0 X 10(8) cells/kg. Myeloid and platelet recovery appeared more rapid after bone marrow infusion while lymphoid recovery was more rapid when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Suppressor function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated increased DNA synthesis and secretion of newly synthesized protein when suboptimal concentrations of Concanavalin A (Con A) were added to the cultures after 24-h incubation in vitro. Cells stimulated by Con A, 1 mug/ml, after 24-h incubation demonstrated 3.0 times more tritiated thymidine incorporation, and 4.4 times more 14C-amino acid incorporation into newly synthesized secreted protein, than cells stimulated at 0 h (P less than 0.001). The acquisition of increased responsiveness was not abrogated by washing and resuspending the cells in fresh medium. Since the increased responsiveness could be inhibited by the addition to the cultures of small numbers of cells previously activated by Con A it is suggested that the enhanced reactivity acquired in culture represents the loss of a subpopulation of suppressor cells that modulate the T-lymphocyte response. Cells from nine patients with active, untreated systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated normal responses to optimal concentrations of Con A added at 0 h, but an impaired response to Con A, 1 mug/ml. When these cells were incubated for 24 h, a significant increased response to Con A was not observed. This observation suggests that patients with active SLE lack circulating suppressor cells. When seven SLE patients were again studied after corticosteroid therapy had led to clinical improvement, the response to Con A, 1 mug/ml, added after 24-h incubation was similar to that observed in normal controls, suggesting that suppressor function in SLE returns as disease activity declines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Human erythroid burst-promoting activity produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated, radioresistant peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The regulation of erythroid burst-colony formation was studied in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Numbers of erythropoietin-stimulated colonies obtainable from the cells in response to various treatments were compared. One-day preincubation of the cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) doubled the yield of colonies. Irradiation of the cells with 3000 rad eliminated their ability to form erythroid bursts, but did not impair the ability of PHA-treated cells to enhance burst formation when added to a fresh batch of cells. This was due to a humoral factor, since media conditioned by PHA-treated washed cells were as effective as the cells themselves. When cells were separated into subpopulations by an adherence procedure and according to their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells, it was found that the PHA-dependent burst-promoting activity released into the medium originated in a nonadherent, nonrosetting (T-cell depleted) cell population.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1979

Antibody penetration into living cells. I. Intranuclear immunoglobulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.

We have shown recently (Alarcón-Segovia, Ruíz-Argüelles & Fishbein, 1978) that an IgG anti-RNP antibody obtained from a patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) can penetrate viable mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal donors via their Fc receptors. Live MNC from twelve MCTD patients incubated with goat anti-Ig antibody had intranuclear antibody with a speckled pattern in a mean of 5.5% of all MNC and 57.3% of all Fc receptor-bearing MNC. We found intranuclear immunoglobulins in all twelve patients with MCTD which were present only in cells with Fc receptors. Only three out of twenty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have intranuclear antibody in a mean of 17.2% of their Fc receptor-bearing cells. Further experiments with MNC from SLE patients revealed a partial blocking of penetration of antibody via Fc receptors. MNC from ten scleroderma, ten rheumatoid arthritis patients and eleven normal controls did not have intranuclear immunoglobulin. In vivo penetration of autoantibodies into Fc receptor-bearing cells in MCTD, and probably in SLE as well, may represent an important pathogenetic mechanism.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mononuclear peripheral blood cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma synthesizing DNA in vitro].

In 82 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHC) the DNA synthesis by mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood was assessed by means of the index of mitoses (IM) or by pulse labelling of cells with 3H-TdR. In chronic lymphatic leukaemia (47 cases), hairy-cell leukemia (1 case), plasma-cell leukaemia (1 case) no synthesis of DNA was found in mononuclear cells. On the other hand, it was raised in most cases of lymphoplasmocytoma, centrocytoma, centroblasto-centrocytoma, centroblastoma and in lymphoblastic leukaemia or lymphoma.

Adolescent↗