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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of some members of the order Perissodactyla.

1. The plasma lipoproteins of various members of the order Perissodactyla have been examined by electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. 2. In the Equidae, high density (alpha) lipoprotein was the major component (80-90%) and low density (beta) lipoprotein (10-20%) the minor component. 3. In the Tapiridae represented by the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), high density and low density lipoproteins were present in approximately equal amounts. 4. In the Rhinocerotidae, the high density lipoprotein characteristic of the Equidae and Tapiridae was absent, and the plasma lipoproteins consisted of a complex group having beta mobility on electrophoresis and a flotation pattern usually associated with low density lipoprotein. 5. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was remarkably similar in all members of the Perissodactyla examined, with very high percentages of linoleic acid (greater than 70%) being found in the cholesteryl esters.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Primary structure of pancreatic polypeptide from four species of Perissodactyla (Przewalski's horse, zebra, rhino, tapir).

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been purified from extracts of the pancreas of four species of odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla): Przewalski's horse, mountain zebra, white rhinoceros, and mountain tapir. The amino acid sequence of Przewalski's horse pancreatic polypeptide was established as Ala-Pro-Met-Glu-Pro-Val-Tyr-Pro-Gly-Asp10-Asn- Ala-Thr-Pro-Glu-Gln-Met-Ala-Gln-Tyr20-Ala-Ala-Glu-Leu-Arg-Arg-Tyr- Ile-Asn-Met30 - Leu-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Tyr.NH2. Zebra PP was identical to Przewalski's horse PP, rhinoceros PP contained three substitutions relative to the horse (Ser for Ala1, Leu for Met3, and Glu for Gln16), and tapir PP contained one substitution relative to the horse (Leu for Met3). On the basis of morphological characteristics and the fossil record, the rhinocerotids are classified with the tapirids in the suborder Ceratomorpha, whereas the horse and zebra belong to a separate suborder, Hippomorpha. On the basis of structural similarity of the PP molecules, however, it would appear that the tapir is more closely related to the horse than to the rhinoceros. These observations provide a further example of the need for extreme caution when inferring taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships between species from the structures of homologous peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Quantitative characteristics of the systems of truncal auditory and visual brain formations in Artiodactyla and perissodactyla].

On the ground of cytoarchitectonic investigation and planimetric measurements a volumetric comparison between the systems of truncal formations of auditory and optical analysers were made in the representatives of artiodactyla (deer, elk, gazelle, sheep, wild boar, hippopotamus) and perissodactyla orders (horse). The data obtained demonstrated a great quantitative predominance of the system of optical formation in comparison with that of auditory, which correlates to the leading role of the optical system in these animals. In non-ruminants, according to other environmental conditions, vision looses its biological importance, such as in ruminants. In the former, therefore, a much less predominance of the optical formations comparing with the auditory ones was revealed. Comparisons with the previous results of the author obtained in other mammal orders, demonstrated quantative changebility--plasticity of corresponding truncal auditory, optical and vesitbular formations in response to ecologically stipulated changes of leading afferentation in different mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Further studies on the sinus coronarius cordis, vena cordis media and arcus aortae as well as on the ductus (lig.) Botalli in various mammalian hearts].

This study supplements earlier works on the topography of the mammalian heart. The material comprises the hearts of 25 species, 12 of which have not been examined previously. The general morphology of the hearts is briefly dealt with. V. cava cranialis sinistra is preserved in Phascolomys and Macropus. It is presumably present in all Ruminantia, where it has been reduced to the sinus coronarius cordis in Perissodactyla. A particular emphasis is laid on the fact that the paired A. carotides and Aa. subclaviae originate from a single common stem, truncus brachio-cephalicus, in Rangifer, Ovibos, Cervus axis, Bos banteng, Okapi, the Perissodactyla, and in Dicerorhinus sumatrensis and Viscacia. A common origin of the carotids and the A. subclavia dextra is frequently found in most other groups. The fusion seems occur through wandering of the vessels towards the right - i.e. towards A. subclavia dextra. Separate origins of the 4 beffore-mentioned stems occur rarely and only incompletely. Sinus coronarius is of a typical shape. Most probable V. anonyma is always present.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunofluorescent localization of acrosin in mammalian spermatozoa (1).

Acrosin was detected by immunofluorescence in the spermatozoan acrosomes of artiodactyla (bull, ram and boar), perissodactyla (horse), carnivora (dog and cat), lagomorpha (rabbit) and primates (human) using anti-bovine acrosin immunoglobulins. The results indicate that the acrosin molecules of several mammalian species possess antigenic similarities.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1990

Taxeopody in the carpus and tarsus of Oligocene Pliohyracidae (Mammalia: Hyracoidea) and the phyletic position of hyraxes.

Recent hyracoids and elephants share a taxeopode arrangement of tarsal and carpal bones, a condition in which bones are aligned with minimal interlocking between adjacent elements. Taxeopody has often been interpreted as a synapomorphy reflecting a close phyletic link between Hyracoidea and Proboscidea, but recently it has been suggested [Fischer, M. S. (1986) Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 84, 1-132] that hyracoid taxeopody is an independent acquisition resulting from selection favoring increased midcarpal and midtarsal rotation and that Hyracoidea is actually allied with Perissodactyla. As a test of this hypothesis, isolated carpal and tarsal bones of primitive Oligocene hyracoids from the Fayum, Egypt, have been examined to determine whether these indicate a taxeopode or diplarthral carpus and tarsus. Four complete astragali from the Fayum, representing at least three taxa, show a single, slightly convex articular surface on the head for articulation with the navicular and lack a facet for the cuboid. Two complete magna representing two species have a single proximal facet for articulation with the lunar, and they lack a facet for the scaphoid. Thus, both the carpus and tarsus of Fayum hyracoids are taxeopode. Taxeopody in hyracoids cannot be attributed to selection for carpal and tarsal rotation in climbers because the Oligocene, Miocene, and Recent species show great diversity in body size and probably locomotor specializations, despite relative uniformity of structure in the carpus and tarsus. The shared taxeopody of hyracoids and proboscideans, along with other osteological characters and similarities in hemoglobin, eye lens proteins, and other molecules, all suggest that Hyracoidea belongs within Paenungulata.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters), alpha-tocopherol and lipid levels in plasma of captive wild mammals and birds.

Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters), vitamin E and lipids were determined in a wide variety of wild mammals and birds held in captivity. In mammals plasma levels of vitamin A were generally below 500 ng/ml and those of vitamin E were highly variable (0.1-2 micrograms/ml). In primates, vitamin E levels were 3 to 8 micrograms/ml. Whereas in Marsupialia, Chiroptera, primates, Rodentia, Proboscidea, Sirenia, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla only retinol was found, retinyl esters (basically retinol palmitate/oleate) represented 10 to 50% of the total plasma vitamin A in some birds of the order Ciconiiformes and Falconiformes. Retinol levels in birds were higher compared to mammals (500-2,000 ng/ml). The same was true for lipids as well as for vitamin E levels (1-26 micrograms/ml) in the plasma of birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Field observations on aggressive and sexual behavior of the European wild swine (Sus scrofa L.)].

This ethogram of the fighting and sexual behaviour of European wild hogs is supposed to serve as a basis for further research on the social behaviour of Sus scrofa L. The observations were recorded in writing respectively on cassette recorder as well as photographed and filmed. Behaviour patterns of the European wild hogs which were wrongly interpreted or not yet described could be documented. Being comparatively original, omnivorous social Artiodactyla, Suidae are well comparable with other Artiodactyla, with Perissodactyla, Carnivora and their domesticated types. There might also be references to the origin and development of behaviour patterns in various zoological categories or on reductions of social behaviour in domestication.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

[Neurophysins of Mammals: evolution and biological signification].

Neurohypophysial hormone-Neurophysin complexes have been prepared from posterior pituitary glands of Artiodactyla (ox, sheep, pig), Perissodactyla (horse) and Cetacea (whale), by fractionated salt precipitation. The components have been separated by molecular sieving in 0.2 M acetic acid and neurophysins have been purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Two types of neurophysins, MSEL-neurophysins and VLDV-neurophysins, can be distinguished according to the amino acid residues in positions 2, 3, 6 and 7. MSEL-neurophysins of sheep, ox and pig have been characterized by the amino acid sequence. Ovine and bovine MSEL-neurophysins are nearly identical (one substitution out of 95 residues) and porcine MSEL-neurophysin is very similar (four substitutions and an apparent 3-residue C-terminal deletion). The biological function of neurophysins might be the carriage of neurohypophysial hormones but in this respect, each type of neurophysin is not clearly specific for a given hormone. On the other hand, each neurophysin might share a common precursor with a neurohypophysial hormone, the two parts remaining associated after cleavage. However, in the sheep posterior pituitary gland, the molar proportions of the two types of neurophysins, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, are not equal, MSEL-neurophysin being more abundant than the other components. If a common precursor exists, neurophysins and neurohypophysial hormones are not merely produced by a simple cleavage mechanism.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Cytoarchitecture and topography of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei of swine (Sus scrofa domestica)].

The topography and cytoarchitecture of nc. hypothalamicus ventromedialis, nc. hypothalamicus dorsomedialis and nc. infundibularis were descripted in the pig. The nc. hypothalamicus ventromedialis is the dominant nucleus in the tuber cinereum. The rostral pole lies caudal to the nc. hypothalamicus anterior. Its caudal pole is bounded by the nc. premamillaris and the nc. hypothalamicus ventrolateralis. Scattered neurons separate the nc. hypothalamicus ventromedialis dorsal from the nc. hypothalamicus dorsomedialis. Dorsolateral it is limited by the fornix and medial from the ventricular wall by the nc. hypothalamicus periventricularis ventralis and the nc. infundibularis. The neurons are medium-sized. They are compactly arranged at the periphery but in the centre the texture is much looser. The nc. hypothalamicus dorsomedialis is a poorly delimited nucleus in the rostral part of the medial hypothalamus. Ventral it is separated from the nc. hypothalamicus ventromedialis by a narrow relative cell free zone. The area hypothalamica rostralis limits it dorsolateral and the nc. paraventricularis dorsomedial. The caudal boundary is formed medial by the nc. periventricularis dorsalis and lateral by the fornix and the area hypothalamica lateralis. Small and medium-sized neurons predominate in this nucleus. The nc. infundibularis surrounds the infundibulum and reaches the recessus mamillaris. The two lateral parts are united at the floor of the third ventricle. Its small neurons are associated with the ependym. The topography and cytoarchitecture of the pig tuber cinereum was compared with the nuclear configuration of other Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora and Rodentia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Incidence of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in arthropods (Arthropoda) and antibodies in vertebrates (Vertebrata)].

The paper summarizes data on hitherto assembled findings of Spirochaeta burgdorferi, the causal agent of Lyme disease in arthropods and the incidence of antibodies in birds and mammals. The authors evaluate some vectors and reservoir animals, incl. possible carriers. Borrelia burgdorferi was found so far in 30 species of Arthropoda, 13 species of mites (Acarina), 15 species of flies(Diptera), two species of fleas (Siphonaptera). The role of insects as vectors was not proved so far. Antibodies were detected in eight species of birds (Aves, Passeriformes) and in 22 mammalian species: one species of marsupiales (Marsupialia), 3 species of carnivores (Carnivora), seven species of rodents (Rodentia), two species of rabbits and hares (Lagomorpha), in 8 species of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and one species of odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla). The great majority of species comes from the non-arctic area.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evolutionary variants of the mos gene].

The occurence of members of mos oncogene family in the vertebrates genome has been studied with the help of highly labeled single-stranded DNA probes. These included subgenic v-mos clones as well as the unique sequence--specific recombinants from mos-related human locus gp5 and the K51 locus from rat genome. The probe from gp5 (mos pseudogene) interacts only with DNA of primates and of rodents. On the other hand, mos gene and the gene from K51 locus are present in all vertberates tested. Recent duplication of the main mos gene in Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla orders of mammals was identified. The persistence of K51 and mos genes during evolution indicates their importance. The segregation of three mos-related genes in human-hamster hybrids points to their location on different human chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Anatomy of the lymphangions of the small intestine].

Anatomy of lymphangions (valve segments) has been studied in 120 human and animal cadavers. Methods of investigation were: polychrome injection of arteries, veins and lymphatic bed; macro-microscopic preparation; staining of histopreparations after van Gieson, hematoxylin-eosin, complex technique after A.V. Borisov (1973); impregnation after V.V. Kuprianov (1965); detection of bundle collagene fibers after Mallory and elastic fibers after Weighert. The data collected on the lymphangions demonstrate that the valve segments (lymphangions) in the small intestinal wall appear in phylogenesis at first in birds. Avian lymphangions are cylindric and the valves are of semilunar form and the distance between them is 2--3 cm. In predators (dog, cat, fox, marten) lymphangions are round or conical. Their size is within 6--8 mm. In other animals (rodents, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla) the lymphangions are 3--5 times longer comparing their width. In human ontogenesis the valve segments of the lymph vessels are formed in tela submucosa of the small intestine in 6--7-month-old fetuses. Some other peculiarities in animal and human anatomy of lymphangions have been revealed.

Animals↗