PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Peritonitis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Follow-up of peritoneal clearances in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) might result in peritoneal membrane changes. First, CAPD exposes essentially continuously the peritoneum to peritoneal dialysis solutions. Such solutions differ from the usual extracellular fluid bathing peritoneal tissues. Second, this technique may be complicated by an increased frequency of peritonitis when compared to intermittent peritoneal dialysis. We undertook a prospective study of patients undergoing CAPD to determine if there were decreases in peritoneal clearances and if the peritoneal microcirculation maintained its responsiveness to nitroprusside. Peritoneal transport, as assessed by the clearances of urea, creatinine, inulin, and dialysate protein concentration, with and without nitroprusside addition in the dialysis solution, is unchanged in patients undergoing CAPD for up to 1 year, despite frequent episodes of peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal transport of vancomycin during peritoneal dialysis.

The peritoneal transport of vancomycin during peritoneal dialysis was studied in 11 uremic patients following intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin. The half-life of vancomycin was about 18 h and the clearance of vancomycin 6.1 ml/min (range 4.2--9.8) during the period of dialysis. Following intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin 50 micrograms/ml of dialysate, serum concentrations from 5.1 to 21.5 micrograms/ml were obtained and 35% of the instilled amount of vancomycin was absorbed during 15 h of dialysis. The peritoneal transport of vancomycin indicates that the dosage should be increased during peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be treated by peritoneal dialysis with vancomycin added to the dialysate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Postoperative peritoneal irrigation in generalized peritonitis treated in an intensive care unit].

Over a period of four years, 16 patients with generalized peritonitis have been treated by postoperative peritoneal irrigation in an Intensive Care Unit. The majority of cases involved postoperative peritonitis accompanied by severe visceral failure. The irrigation liquid, containing an antibacterial agent, was perfused for between one and eleven days at a high flow rate (mean 16.5 I). The overall mortality in the series was extremely high (75 p. 100), and even greater (85 p. 100) if only the cases of postoperative peritonitis were considered. Anatomical examination of the peritoneum, performed on reintervention or at autopsy, revealed an abnormally high incidence of residual abscesses. These are responsable for the continuation or recurrence of infection, and explain the high mortality. These observations, combined with the frequent occurrence of local or general complications, led the authors to reject peritoneal irrigation in postoperative peritonitis in the presence of severe visceral failure, and to use it, in selected cases, only for periods not exceeding 48 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary splenic abscess ruptured into the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis in 3 stages)].

The authors present a case with peritonitis following rupture of a splenic abscess in a female aged 18 years. Peritonitis developed in three stages. The diagnosis before surgery was of pelvic peritonitis. Bacteriologic examination revealed the presence of B. colli. Splenectomy was followed by complete recovery of the patient. The site of the primary infection could not be determined. The authors stress the usefulness of exploration of the splenic lodge in the so-called "primary" generalized peritonitis, in pelvic peritonitis or in all cases when the origin of the peritoneal infection is not known.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

[Peritoneal irrigation and lavage using iodinated polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in acute generalized peritonitis (70 cases treated in an intensive care unit)].

The authors report 70 cases of severe acute generalise peritonitis treated during the immediate postoperative periode by peritoneal irrigation-lavage using iodinated polyvinyl-pyrrolidone for 16 days. All of the patients were hospitalised in an intensive care unit because of septicaemia, respiratory distress, acute renal failure, etc. After an aetiological study of these cases of peritonitis, the technique of installation and surveillance and the complications of peritoneal irrigation-lavage are analysed. The results in this series confirm the efficacy of the technique as long as it is used from the outset, immediately following the onset of peritonitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal clearance and total body elimination of vancomycin during chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

Vancomycin is a useful antimicrobial agent in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment; its efficacy in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has not been established. Serum (VS) and peritoneal fluid (VPF) vancomycin concentrations were measured in two CPD patients with staphylococcal peritonitis. Half-life of VS agreed with the half-life of VPF in each patient, and the VS/VPF ratio was 1.27 in both patients. Distribution volumes were 37.2 and 58.7 l, values approximating total body water in these patients. VS and VPF persisted in the therapeutic range (greater than 5 microgram/ml) for more than 16 days. In one patient, mean peritoneal clearacne was 9.8 ml/min, and overall drug clearance averaged 2.3 ml/min; in the other patient, overall clearance was 2.1 ml/min. These results indicate that therapeutic vancomycin levels can be maintained for more than 16 days with a single 1 g intravenous dose in patients receiving intermittent CPD, as is the case for hemodialysis patients. Because of this, parenteral vancomycin is useful in the treatment of staphylococcal peritonitis in CPD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nucleic acid and sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the peritoneal membrane and in intra-abdominal adhesions in rat as affected by silica-induced peritonitis.

The synthesis of DNA, RNA and glycosaminoglycans was studied in the peritoneal membrane and intra-abdominal adhesions formed in rats after a single colloidal silica injection. The concentration of DNA and RNA increased from the first day of peritonitis reaching the maximum at 4--7 days in both the peritoneum and adhesions. On the other hand the synthesis of radioactive DNA and RNA from 3H-thymidine and 3H-cytidine increased during the first 12 hours and was maximal at 24 hours in the peritoneum and at 48 hours in the adhesions. Although the contents of uronic acids were maximal at 24 hours in the peritoneum and at 2--4 days in the adhesions, the maximal synthesis rate of sulphated glycosaminoglycans was observed at 5 days in the peritoneum and at 7 days in the adhesions. The difference in the uronic acid concentration and radioactivities of glycosaminoglycans was probably due to increased permeability of the peritoneal membrane and exudation. Earlier we observed that protein synthesis was maximal at 7 days and that of collagen at 3 weeks. On the basis of these and the present results it is obvious that the order of synthesis of these connective tissue components in the peritoneum after chemical peritonitis follows the pattern of tissue reaction in wound healing and in experimental subcutaneous granuloma formation. However, the activation of nucleic acid and glycosaminoglycan synthesis occurs promptly without any or with a very short lag period in the peritoneal mesenchymal tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Healing of peritonized and nonperitonized peritoneal defects in growing organisms].

Clinical data (110 observations over 106 cases) and experiments on animals proved the inexpediency of the peritonization of non-pertonized surfaces in children both in "pure" peritoneum and under the condition of a pronounced inflammation. Renouncement of peritonization of peritoneal defects has favoured the decrease of the incidence rate of the recurrence of ileum and the improvement of late results of the treatment. The authors believed that the peritonization is needed only when defects of the intestinal wall reach the submucous level and as this takes place a pronounced bleeding, which cannot be controlled without suturing, is noted. Intestinal perforation localized in the non-peritonized sites was never observed, even when the muscular layer of the intestinal wall was damaged.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Aseptic peritonitis in patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis.

An 'epidemic' of aseptic peritonitis occurred in our peritoneal dialysis unit, affecting 5 of 20 patients. Acute and convalescent viral titers were normal in all 5. The peritoneal fluid of the affected patients was not tested for endotoxin, but endotoxin was found in subsequent dialysis fluids from two machines in the unit. This endotoxin might have been the causative agent of this outbreak. Rapid recovery ensued in all patients following peritoneal lavage.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1979

Peritonitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.

From December 1976 to July 1977 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the dialysate of 8 hospital patients on peritoneal dialysis. Seven of the cases occurred within 1 month. The source of the epidemic was a water bath used to preheat the dialysis fluids before start of dialysis. Six patients developed a severe protracted peritonitis with Ps. aeruginosa. Continuous peritoneal dialysis with antibiotics added to the dialysis fluid did not eradicate infection, but after removal of the catheters signs of peritonitis subsided rapidly in all patients. In conclusion, water baths used for this purpose should be replaced by dry-heat incubators.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Stability of peritoneal urea clearance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (18 months experience with CAPD).

A group of 13 patients on Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis up to 18 months was studied. During the study period, Peritoneal Urea Clearance was stable. In all but 2 cases peritonitis did not depress the efficiency in clearing urea. When Peritoneal Urea Clearance was corrected for 1.73 m2 surface area, there was on the average an 11.8% increase over not corrected clearance rates. This increase was statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal clearances with three types of commerically available peritoneal dialysis solutions. Effects of pH adjustment and intraperitoneal nitroprusside.

Peritoneal clearances were measured in multiple patients with different types of peritoneal dialysis solution to assess the effects of pH, choice of buffer anion (acetate versus lactate), and the effects of nitroprusside (a vasodilator) in combination with different buffer anions and varying pH. The studies show no differences in peritoneal clearances at very low solution pH (less than 6 as is commonly available) as compared to a pH nearer to 7 or above. There were no diffences between solutions with acetate as compared to those with acetate. Nitroprusside significantly increased clearances in all solutions to a similar extent.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

Continuing peritoneal lavage in high-risk peritonitis.

A total of 27 patients with peritonitis who were considered to have poor prognoses were treated with a continuing peritoneal lavage of 1.5% Dianeal containing gentamicin sulfate, cephalothin sodium, and lincomycin. Twenty-one patients survived (78%), and only two patients developed intraperitoneal abscesses. The major benefit was found in those patients with gross peritoneal contamination. Anastomotic integrity was not affected by the lavage.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Absorption from the peritoneal cavity: SEM study of the mesothelium covering the peritoneal surface of the muscular portion of the diaphragm.

Colored tracers, injected intraperitoneally in mice, are taken up by diaphragmatic lymphatics, outlining their large, terminal cisterns, the so-called lacunae. The lacunae occur exclusively on the muscular portion of the diaphragm. The mesothelium covering non-lacunar and lacunar areas of the muscular portion was examined with the SEM. Mesothelial cells overlying non-lacunar areas are extremely flat, and their boundaries are indistinct. Mesothelial cells overlying lacunae protrude towards the lumen of the peritoneal cavity and have distinct outlines. There are openings or stomata, 4-12 micron in diameter, between them. Some of the stomata overlie a deep pit; others overlie a shallower pit in which the surface of another cell can be seen beneath the opening. It seems likely that the bulk of the fluid draining from the peritoneal cavity passes through these stomata into underlying lymphatic lacunae.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

The peritoneal complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts.

One hundred and two patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts were studied. The aim of the study was to record the complications caused by the peritoneal end of the catheter and the frequency with which they occurred. Some of the complications involving tube migration are illustrated by case reports emphasizing the possible morbidity adn mortality that may be associated with this problem. Fity-one patients in the series had a complication; of these, 23 had only a mild temporary intestinal ileus following initial insertion of the shunt system. In the remaining 28 patients, the complications could have been significantly reduced by careful attention to operative detail and a closer follow-up of the patients following the shunt insertion.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1976

[Morphology of the cells in the peritoneal exsudate and phosphatase activity of the peritoneal macrophages experimentally aged rats treated with the intracellular bacterium Brucella abortus 19 (author's transl)].

The authors study the morphology of the cells in the peritoneal exsudate and the phosphatase activity of the peritoneal macrophages, obtained from rats with Selye's Progeria-like syndrome. Judging by their morphologic characteristics the macrophages of the experimentally aged rats, before and after contact with Brucella abortus 19 do not differ from those obtained from the unsubjected to experimental ageing rats. The acid phosphatase activity and the adenosinetriphosphatase activity of the macrophages prior to contact with Brucella abortus 19 are nearly identical for both groups of animals. Following contact the activity of the enzymes increases but this increase is slower by aged rats and reaches its maximum 1--2 days later.

Acid Phosphatase↗