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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Complementary approaches to the assessment of personality disorder. The Personality Assessment Schedule and Adult Personality Functioning Assessment compared.

BACKGROUND: Current concepts and measures of personality disorder are in many respects unsatisfactory. AIMS: To establish agreement between two contrasting measures of personality disorder, and to compare subject-informant agreement on each. To examine the extent to which trait abnormality can be separated from interpersonal and social role dysfunction. METHOD: Fifty-six subjects and their closest informants were interviewed and rated independently. Personality functioning was assessed using a modified Personality Assessment Schedule (M-PAS), and the Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (APFA). RESULTS: Subject-informant agreement on the M-PAS was moderately good, and agreement between the M-PAS and the APFA, across and within subjects and informants, was comparable to that for the M-PAS. This was equally the case when M-PAS trait plus impairment scores and trait abnormality scores were used. CONCLUSIONS: The M-PAS and the APFA are probably assessing similar constructs. Trait abnormalities occur predominantly in an interpersonal context and could be assessed within that context.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

On the renaissance of personality assessment and personality theory.

Both personality assessment and personality theory have experienced a significant decline in the past two or three decades, giving way to alternate professional interests by some, and being attacked as both empirically unsupportable and devoid of conceptual merit by others. Several tangible signs suggest that a resurrection is underway owing to position reversals by former critics, the changing character of patient populations, refinements in personality-oriented psychometric techniques, the refurbishing of analytic, interpersonal, and learning theories of personality, and the central role assigned personality disorders in the multiaxial format of the DSM-III. Looking toward the future, the paper proposes a series of comprehensive and parallel diagnostic criteria for the personality disorders to be included in either DSM-IIIR or DSM-IV.

Affect↗
PubMed2003

Holistic self care: strategies for initiating a personal assessment.

To be fully present for clients, occupational health nurses must assume responsibility for meeting their own self care needs. To promote holistic health care, occupational health nurses must assess personal values, priorities, and responsibilities. This can be accomplished by completing a personal assessment focusing on current use of holistic modalities. To implement a plan for holistic self care, nurses can write goals, set intentions, be open to holistic modalities, begin with small changes, recognize feelings, pay attention to breathing and self talk, simplify their lives, build support systems, and apply self care at work.

Holistic Nursing↗
PubMed1983

Assessing personality: effects of the depressive state on trait measurement.

The influence of the clinically depressed state on personality assessment was evaluated by comparing self-report personality inventories of patients while clinically depressed and at follow-up 1 year later. The authors examined two groups from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression: Clinical Studies--patients whose symptoms had completely remitted and those who had not recovered. The clinically depressed state strongly influenced assessment of emotional strength, interpersonal dependency, and extraversion. Assessment of rigidity, level of activity, and dominance did not change after symptomatic recovery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combining the Rorschach test and the Temperament Character Inventory: a new perspective on personality assessment.

BACKGROUND: The numerous reports on research involving the clinical assessment of personality in axis I disorders highlight the importance of temperament features in the current approach to all mental disorders. However, the available instruments of personality assessment have many limits. Self-administered questionnaires depend on the patient's insight, and projective instruments (i.e. the Rorschach test) often lack objectivity. This study compared the results of personality assessment with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Rorschach test to verify their validity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TCI and Rorschach tests were administered to a wide sample of patients (n = 180) in a short period. The most common Rorschach siglatures were correlated with the TCI raw scores using the Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: All TCI temperament dimensions and facets displayed at least two correlations with Rorschach siglatures. The description of each dimension and facet of the TCI obtained with the interpretation of Rorschach siglatures was consistent with its original meaning. CONCLUSIONS: The TCI and Rorschach tests adequately validated each other. In the future, the administration and integration of these tests will overcome the biases of both. Further, the theoretical bases of the TCI could facilitate the study of psychological functions, whereas the psychodynamic bases of the Rorschach test provide an in-depth insight into temperament traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of differences in Rorschach protocols from the Personality Assessment System.

The Personality Assessment System (PAS) is derived from certain subtest scores on any Wechsler test by rather simple calculations. It purports to measure, among other personality attributes, developmental changes in the Internalized-Externalized (I-E) dimension of personality, which is akin to the Introversion-Extroversion construct reflected by some Rorschach measures. PAS scores from a tightly defined sample of normal adults were contrasted with Experience Balance (EB) and Body-image (B) scores derived from Rorschach protocols by "blind" scorers. Significant relations were found between EB ratios produced via the Exner and Klopfer scoring systems and the primitive (early childhood) I-E scores from the PAS. The B scores produced by the Body Image scoring system were related to the basic (adolescent) I-E PAS scores. Although significant, the PAS-Rorschach correlations were relatively poor, in part because it was difficult to define the center of the internalization-externalization continuum in terms of the Rorschach protocols. It is, nevertheless, provocative that traditional scorings of the Rorschach responses of adults assess differences not only in this personality trait, but also in its development, as determined from scaled scores on Wechsler subtests.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Domains and facets: hierarchical personality assessment using the revised NEO personality inventory.

Personality traits are organized hierarchically, with narrow, specific traits combining to define broad, global factors. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992c) assesses personality at both levels, with six specific facet scales in each of five broad domains. This article describes conceptual issues in specifying facets of a domain and reports evidence on the validity of NEO-PI-R facet scales. Facet analysis-the interpretation of a scale in terms of the specific facets with which it correlates-is illustrated using alternative measures of the five-factor model and occupational scales. Finally, the hierarchical interpretation of personality profiles is discussed. Interpretation on the domain level yields a rapid understanding of the individual interpretation of specific facet scales gives a more detailed assessment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Note on concurrent validation of the personality assessment inventory in law enforcement.

This study compared the Personality Assessment Inventory and MMPI-168 profiles of 9 law enforcement applicants with published MMPI profiles to provide concurrent validation for the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory to assess personality pathology of peace officer applicants. The sample showed subclinical elevations of the Positive Impression and Treatment Rejection scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory and subclinical elevations on the MMPI validity scales of Lie and Correction and the clinical scales of Psychopathic Deviate and Hypomania. The applicants' mean MMPI profile provided concurrent validation for the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory in this decision on fitness to serve.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The Personality Assessment Interview: preliminary report.

This is the first report of the Personality Assessment Interview (PAI), a new clinical and research instrument designed to address the need for a theoretically sound, clinically relevant, comprehensive yet easily administered method for assessing personality organization. By personality organization we mean those structures that stabilize the mental apparatus and become the underlying matrix from which behavioral traits and symptoms develop. Following Otto Kernberg, we define three basic structural constellations: neurotic, borderline and psychotic (Kernberg 1976). The paper describes the interview technique, the hypotheses on which it rests and its aims and structure.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Personality assessment and Native Americans.

Personality assessment services for Native Americans have been culturally inappropriate and historically underutilized as a consequence. A framework for personality assessment is presented including components of relevant cultural knowledge, assessment techniques, assessor characteristics, and relationship style. Emic and etic approaches are described as serving different assessment functions. Acculturation measures and awareness of acculturation effects on different instruments provide temporary palliatives. A biopsychosocial model for service-delivery with linkages to family, tribal, county, state, and federal resources would be desirable and potentially effective. Ameliorations in techniques and service-delivery cannot substitute for genuine professional commitment to recruitment and training of indigenous assessment service-providers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Cross-national reliability study of a schedule for assessing personality disorders.

The inter-rater reliability of a schedule used to assess personality disorders was examined. The Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS) involves an interview with both the patient and a close informant and the ratings for the informant are given most weight in the final scoring. Videotaped interviews with 23 psychiatric patients, most of whom had a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder, and a close informant were scored by seven raters, four in the United Kingdom and three in the United States. Overall inter-rater reliabilities (using the intraclass correlation coefficient, RI) were generally good to excellent for each of the 24 personality variables tested, ranging between .66 and .94 for informants and between .51 and .91 for subjects. Corresponding reliability coefficients for overall mean PAS scores were .82 and .75, respectively. Consistent with these findings, there was little bias between the scores of American and British raters, although there was some tendency for American raters to score higher for the trait of eccentricity and lower for the trait of conscientiousness than was true for British raters. There was less bias for informants' ratings than for those of subjects. In a second set of analyses, it was shown that inter-rater reliability levels (using the Kappa statistic) were also good to excellent (.6 to .8) for the categorical diagnosis of personality disorder. These results, taken together, demonstrate that abnormal personality can be reliably assessed by both British and American raters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Convergent validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2: preliminary findings with a normative sample.

We examined the convergent validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung, Leung, et al., 1996), an indigenously constructed measure, by comparing its patterns of correlations with the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al., 2001). A valid sample of 147 Chinese students took both the CPAI and the MMPI-2. Results provide preliminary support for the convergence between most of the CPAI clinical scales and the relevant MMPI-2 scales. The CPAI personality scales further illustrated the patterns of personality features associated with the MMPI-2 scales in a Chinese cultural context. We discuss discrepancies in the correspondence between a number of CPAI and MMPI-2 clinical scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Statistical methods in personality assessment research.

Emerging models of personality structure and advances in the measurement of personality and psychopathology suggest that research in personality and personality assessment has entered a stage of advanced development, in this article we examine whether researchers in these areas have taken advantage of new and evolving statistical procedures. We conducted a review of articles published in the Journal of Personality, Assessment during the past 5 years. Of the 449 articles that included some form of data analysis, 12.7% used only descriptive statistics, most employed only univariate statistics, and fewer than 10% used multivariate methods of data analysis. We discuss the cost of using limited statistical methods, the possible reasons for the apparent reluctance to employ advanced statistical procedures, and potential solutions to this technical shortcoming.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Personality assessment of the prelingual, profoundly deaf child or adolescent.

Personality assessment of children and adolescents experiencing an early, profound hearing loss is hampered by the lack of instruments standardized and/or developed primarily for use with deaf clients. Further compounding the problem are the relatively few psychologists trained in and/or experienced with deaf personality assessment. This article reviews the rudimentary requirements for personality assessment with the deaf and critiques the available personality tests that are either used or useable in assessing the deaf.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Assessing personality with a structured employment interview: construct-related validity and susceptibility to response inflation.

The authors evaluated the extent to which a personality-based structured interview was susceptible to response inflation. Interview questions were developed to measure facets of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Interviewers administered mock interviews to participants instructed to respond honestly or like a job applicant. Interviewees completed scales of the same 3 facets from the NEO Personality Inventory, under the same honest and applicant-like instructions. Interviewers also evaluated interviewee personality with the NEO. Multitrait-multimethod analysis and confirmatory factor analysis provided some evidence for the construct-related validity of the personality interviews. As for response inflation, analyses revealed that the scores from the applicant-like condition were significantly more elevated (relative to honest condition scores) for self-report personality ratings than for interviewer personality ratings. In addition, instructions to respond like an applicant appeared to have a detrimental effect on the structure of the self-report and interview ratings, but not interviewer NEO ratings.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Stability and change in personality assessment: the revised NEO Personality Inventory in the year 2000.

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) consists of 30 facet scales that define the broad domains of the Five-Factor Model of personality. No major revisions of the basic model are anticipated in the near future. Despite their popularity, social desirability and inconsistency scales will not be added to the NEO-PI-R because their validity and utility have not yet been demonstrated. Among possible changes are minor modifications in wording and more extensive adaptations for adolescents and for populations with low reading levels. Contextualized (e.g., work-related) versions of the instrument will be further explored. Many changes are more easily implemented on the computer than the print version of the instrument.

Adolescent↗