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Hepatitis B antibodies in hospital personnel.

Sera from 544 hospital personnel members with different degrees of exposure to the agent of hepatitis B were tested for HB8Ag and anti-HB8 by counterelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination. The laboratory staff and persons having direct contact with patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HB8 (16.2%) as compared with the other groups: administrative staff (4.4%), healthy persons (4.6%) and blood donors (7.9%). These data prove the relationship between exposure to HB8Ag and anti-HB8 prevalence, more obvious in the laboratory staff handling human serum and plasma specimens (anti-HB8 incidence--25%).

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Microbial skin flora of selected cancer patients and hospital personnel.

The bacterial flora of the skin from five anatomical sites on 10 leukemia patients, 10 patients with malignant melanoma, and a control group of 10 medical personnel was examined quantitatively and qualitatively. This was done to determine whether malignant disease results in changes in skin flora and to establish carrier rates of gram-negative bacteria on the skin of personnel in hospital environments. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated more frequently (74 isolates from 100 cultures) from the skin of leukemia patients than from either patients with malignant melanoma (8 isolates from 100 cultures) or the medical personnel (9 isolates from 100 cultures). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated exclusively from leukemia patients. Relative proportions of gram-negative bacteria in total populations were determined. The axilla was the only site with a uniformly high proportion of gram-negative bacteria. From all other sites cultured, gram-negative populations were low (1 to 5 bacteria/cm2 of skin), although a high proportion of gram-negative populations occurred randomly throughout all subject groups. It was concluded that leukemia patients tend to carry gram-negative bacteria on the skin. The factors permitting colonization of skin by gram-negative bacteria are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg in hospital personnel.

The epidemiology of hepatitis B in hospital personnel was studied by testing of sera from 3,770 employees of the Medical School of Hannover (Hannover, West Germany) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its corresponding antibody (anti-HBs) by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. An average prevalence of 2.2% for HBsAg and 11.7% for anti-HBs was found. Physicians (18.2%), nurses (20.1%), and members of the cleaning service (26.3%) showed the highest frequencies of HBsAg or anti-HBs carriage. In a study of age- and sex-matched personnel, nurses showed a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher rate of infection than a control group with less exposure to infectious materials. The frequency of HBsAg or anti-HBs was highest in persons associated with dialysis (31.3%), anesthesiology (31.0%), ophthalmology (29.4%, neurosurgery (28.0%), and surgery (24.4%). The rate of infection was significantly higher in surgical departments (24.4%) than in nonsurgical ones (13.3%). Persons who had been nursing patients with hepatitis were significantly (P less than 0.05) more frequently carriers of HBsAg or anti-HBs than a comparable control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The risk of hepatitis B to hospital personnel. A prospective study among personnel exposed to patients without isolation precaution.

During a two-week period 54 ward personnel were exposed to two patients with severe type B hepatitis. No specific isolation precautions were used other than separate collection of hypodermic needles. During a 22-week follow-up period, there was no evidence of either overt or subclinical hepatitis in development of hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody to the surface antigen that could be attributed to exposure to the patients. This data does not support requirements for cumbersome and complicated isolation procedures during the care of patients with type B hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens in haemophiliacs and their contacts among hospital personnel.

In a group of 65 haemophilia patients one was a chronic carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the remaining 64 patients had antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). The antigen carrier and 63 of 64 haemophiliacs with anti-HBs also had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). In a second group consisting of 6 younger haemophiliacs, whose treatment with clotting-factor concentrates was started after the initiation of HBsAg tests of all blood products, 3 showed evidence of ongoing or past infection with hepatitis B virus. The prevalences of anti-HBs and anti-HBc among the personnel of the Coagulation Laboratory did not differ from that of the normal population. Anti-HBs was detected by passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay, and anti-HBc by immunoelectroosmophoresis.

Adolescent↗