PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Persons with Psychiatric Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genetic interconnections between personality-related phenotypes and psychiatric disorders.

BACKGROUND: Personality-related phenotypes are genetically correlated with psychiatric disorders, but whether these relationships reflect shared genetic loci and differ across individual phenotypes remains unclear. We investigated their shared genetic architecture at the level of specific phenotype-disorder pairs. METHODS: We analyzed genome-wide association study summary statistics for 13 personality-related phenotypes and eight psychiatric disorders in populations of European ancestry. Genetic correlations were evaluated separately for 104 phenotype-disorder pairs using linkage disequilibrium score regression and high-definition likelihood. For pairs supported by both methods, MTAG and CPASSOC were applied separately to identify pleiotropic signals, followed by linkage disequilibrium clumping, Bayesian colocalization, gene prioritization, functional enrichment and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. No composite personality or psychiatric-disorder phenotype was constructed. RESULTS: Among the 104 evaluated pairs, 77 showed significant positive genetic correlations in both analyses. Joint screening of MTAG and CPASSOC results identified pleiotropic signals in 61 pairs, comprising 1088 independent lead SNV-pair associations and 776 unique SNVs. Bayesian colocalization supported 351 signals across 42 pairs and 284 unique lead SNVs. MAGMA identified 1293 unique genes, of which 379 were prioritized by PoPS and 151 were further supported by SMR. These genes were enriched in brain tissues and biological processes involving nervous system development, synaptic organization and intercellular connectivity. Inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization identified 41 forward and 32 reverse associations after false-discovery-rate correction, including 21 pairs with bidirectional evidence. CONCLUSION: These item-resolved analyses identify widespread but heterogeneous genetic sharing between personality-related phenotypes and psychiatric disorders. The findings provide a pair-specific map of shared loci and prioritized genes, while the Mendelian randomization results should be interpreted cautiously because of residual heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy. Further validation in diverse populations and functional studies is required.

Colocalization↗
PubMed1978

Self-poisoning in Auckland reconsidered.

Data is presented describing 345 self-poisoners presenting at the accident and emergency department and 211 referred to the psychiatric liaison service at Auckland Hospital during the 12 month period between August 1976 and July 1977. Both groups show the age and sex distribution commonly seen in self-poisoning, with a preponderance of young females. Referral rates increased with age and with the implication of anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anticonvulsants. Only 20 percent of the referred patients had a serious psychiatric disorder. Personality disorder, depressive neurosis and transient situational disturbance accounted for 80 percent. The benzodiazepine group of anxiolytics was implicated in 40 percent of incidents and the use of this class of medication is discussed in relation to the problem of self-poisoning. It is suggested that if all Auckland doctors made a decision not to prescribe oral benzodiazepines, the incidence of self-poisoning in the city could be reduced to a half to two thirds of its present proportions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ethical problems in clinical psychopharmacology.

The present article originates from some intriguing problems which the author, working as a clinical pharmacologist and psychiatrist, was faced with during clinical investigations. Practical difficulties appearing at first glance as of a rather methodological nature often reveal themselves as ethical questions. Investigation of psychotropic drugs in normal volunteers as well as in psychiatric patients is taken as a model to exemplify certain fundamental ethical aspects of medical research. It is emphasized that the "solution" of ethical problems cannot be achieved by referring to a given code of norms which themselves depend on certain historical circumstances, but rather by recognizing and reasoning the conflicts which result from various moral maxims. Clinical psychopharmacology should not only be conscious of its methodological shortcomings and future goals but also accept the justification of discussions about the ethical and legal questions involved in its dealings and take an active part in these debates. With regard to the relationship between patient and investigator, "solidarity" [23] instead of ongoing paternalism or legal formalism, appears to be a realistic goal. This is also true in the area of psychopharmacological research.

Disclosure↗
PubMed1977

The right to treatment and the right to refuse treatment.

This paper examines the legal status of the questions of right to treatment of institutionalized patients and of the need for patients' consent to treatment. The history of judicial involvement in these questions is outlined, and the directions and implications of current litigation are discussed.

Civil Rights↗