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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Three concomitants: personality disorders, psychiatric severity, and outcome of dynamic psychotherapy of major depression.

In a group of 25 patients with major depression, the authors investigated the relationships among having a comorbid personality disorder, the severity of psychiatric disorder, and the outcome of dynamic psychotherapy. They found that 1) depressed patients with a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder had more severe psychiatric disturbance at intake and at termination of therapy as well as at follow-up and 2) although all patients improved and maintained their gains at follow-up, those with a comorbid personality disorder diagnosis did not improve as much as those without a personality disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Personality disorder, psychiatric symptoms and experience of childbirth among childbearing women in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the importance of having a personality disorder or psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy for women's experience of childbirth. DESIGN: a prospective study of women consecutively recruited during mid-pregnancy. On study entry, the women completed self-rating scales for personality disorders, global functioning level and psychiatric symptoms. Two weeks after the birth, the women completed a questionnaire about their childbirth experiences. Obstetric and neonatal data were collected from maternity ward records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood for negative birth experiences. SETTING: antenatal clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 625 primiparous women. FINDINGS: 40 out of 624 (6.4%) women fulfilled the criteria for personality disorder, and 28 out of 625 (4.5%) women were defined as psychiatric cases. No significant differences were found between women with personality disorders, or defined as psychiatric cases, and women without any mental problems regarding their global experience of birth. Women defined as psychiatric cases were more anxious (z=-2.5, p=0.04) during labour than women without mental problems. The strongest predictors of having had a negative global experience of birth were instrumental vaginal delivery (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.1-5.1) and epidural analgesia (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.9). KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: obstetric factors, such as instrumental delivery, seem to be more important than mental problems during pregnancy for women's global experience of birth. Women with psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy need extra support during labour.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Social and psychological factors in the distribution of STD in male clinic attenders. II Personality disorders, psychiatric illness, and abnormal sexual attitudes.

Using standardised questionnaires we examined the possible contributions of psychiatric illness, delinquent and other abnormal personality traits, and disturbed attitudes to sex to the risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection in men attending an STD clinic. We found certain differences in personality and in attitudes between the clinic sample and control men. These differences, however, a) were not comparable with those found in groups of clinically abnormal subjects, b) were confined to homosexual and bisexual men, and c), with the possible exception of gonorrhoea, were not related to risk of STD infection.

Homosexuality↗
PubMed2001

Preadolescent children of substance-dependent fathers with antisocial personality disorder: psychiatric disorders and problem behaviors.

We compared psychiatric disorders and problem behavior scores in pre-adolescent children of fathers with alcohol or other drug dependence and ASP (SD+/ASP+), children whose fathers had substance dependence without ASP (SD+/ASP-), and children whose fathers were without either disorder (SD-/ASP-). SD+/ASP+ children showed elevated rates of major depression, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and separation anxiety disorder when compared to SD+/ASP- and SD-/ASP- children. SD+/ASP+ children had higher internalizing and externalizing problem behavior scores than the other two groups of children. The results suggest that SD+/ASP+ children are at significant risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychiatric disorders, personality and traumatic experiences in conversive non-epileptic seizures patients].

AIM: To study the clinical characteristics in patients with conversion non-epileptic seizures, and the influence that traumatic childhood experiences could have in their psychopathologic status and personality. METHODS: Seventeen patients with non-epileptic seizures confirmed through video-EEG were included. A structured clinical interview (SCID-DSM-III-R), a measure of personality variables (MMPI), and an interview designed for collecting data on personal history of childhood traumas were administered. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used. RESULTS: More than 70% of the sample fulfilled the criteria for two or more simultaneous diagnoses in Axis I, and for at least one personality disorder. The subgroup experiencing childhood traumatic experiences showed more clinically significant MMPI scales, a younger age at correct diagnosis, and higher scores on the MMPI psychastenia and psychopathic deviation scales than the non experiencing childhood traumatics events. CONCLUSIONS: Our sample of patients with conversion non-epileptic seizures shows a significant level of psychopathology, and the absence of a unique character substrate. Under the generic term of pseudoseizures, a number of subgroups according to childhood traumatic experiences, with different levels of severity and different clinical and personality properties, may be defined.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Role of personality, familial environment, and severity of the disease on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia].

The phenomenology of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) occurring in the Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes remains not well known. The goal of this study was to assess the role of disorders of personality, psychiatric disorders and home environment in the occurence of the BPSD; 99 inpatients from a short-term Alzheimer unit were included in the study. BPSD were assessed by the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory, the severity of dementia by the MMSE. Previous somatic, psychiatric and personality disorders were evaluated by a semi-structured interview of the family, and classified according to the A, B and C groups from the DSM-IV. Eighty eight percent of the patients presented at least one BPSD. The patients whose the main caregiver was a spouse appeared to be more aggressive. Sixty seven per cent of the patients presented with former disorders of personality; they were more delirious, more anxious, more irritable and suffered more disorders of appetite. Each type of personality disorder modified the phenomenology of the BPSD. The severity of dementia does not seem sufficient to explain the occurrence of BPSD. Other factors seem to play a dominating part such as the previous disorders of personality and psychiatric antecedents. However, the exact links between disorders of personality, psychiatric antecedents and BPSD remain difficult to specify.

Dementia↗
PubMed1986

An empirical study of borderline personality disorder and psychiatric suicides.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is closely related to suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts per se are considered a diagnostic criterion. However, there has been no previous study of completed suicides and BPD. The present study is based on a population of 134 consecutive psychiatric suicides from 1961 to 1980 in a catchment area of 250,000 inhabitants. Clinical records were retrospectively diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III. There was a progressive increase in proportion of borderline suicides during the time period. The overall proportion of BPD, however, was only 12%, indicating that borderline patients are not seriously overrepresented among patients committing psychiatric suicides. Demographic variables, earlier psychiatric care, and suicidal behavior in the borderline group are described and analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Toward a cultural history of the personality disorders.

Psychiatric categories in general, and the personality disorders in particular, remain problematic and contested. This is no where more clearly evident than in the case of the 'antisocial' and 'histrionic' personality disorders. In part, the problem is related to the observation of differences in gender distribution. Men are more likely to be diagnosed 'antisocial' than women, and women are more likely to be diagnosed 'histrionic' than men. Confusion results partly from the suspicion that these categories may be culturally conditioned and therefore spurious as medical labels true in some 'absolute' sense. This paper argues that the antisocial and histrionic disorders have cultural histories, representing (in extreme form) values strongly congruent with familiar cultural stereotypes: the 'independent' male and the 'dependent' female. The process by which these values were delegated to men and women is examined, and then shown to be at least partly determinative of later developments in the formation of psychiatric categories.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of right hemisphere lesions.

A wide variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes are associated with right brain dysfunction, including mania, depression, psychosis, hallucinations, personality changes, anxiety, dissociative states, and altered sexual behavior. This review summarizes the anatomic relationships reported between specific neuropsychiatric syndromes and localized right brain lesions. Information is derived from individual case studies and case series. Most neuropsychiatric syndromes are found to be associated with damage to the limbic system. Disruption of body schema and interpersonal functions mediated primarily by the right hemisphere contributes to the neuropsychiatric disability associated with right hemisphere injury. Nonlesion biologic and sociocultural influences including a family history of psychiatric disorder, personal psychiatric history, and the presence of cerebral atrophy increase the vulnerability to neuropsychiatric morbidity following right brain damage. Investigation of the secondary neuropsychiatric disorders occurring with right brain dysfunction contributes to understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic psychiatric syndromes.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factors associated to the diagnoses of borderline personality disorder in psychiatric out-patients].

INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most common personality disorder in clinical settings, however, this disorder presents diagnostic difficulties because of the own heterogeneous character. The purpose of this study was to describe and examine the possible relationship between clinic-psychobiographical aspects of the patients and diagnoses of BPD. METHOD: A transversal study was assessed in 73 psychiatric outpatients, by protocol of data collection about social and demographic aspects, psychobiographic aspects about childhood, sexual history and psychiatric earlier. International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) was used to evaluate the personality disorder. RESULTS: Borderline patients self-reported of traumatics experiences, physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood in more percentage than the group without BPD. Sexual identity disturbance and homosexual relations were associated with BPD. Psychiatry earlier of hospitalization, suicide attempts and substance use disorders were more frequent in BPD patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a profile that can be use to suspect a BPD and help to do precocious diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous UK studies have reported much lower rates of psychiatric and personality disorder in those who attempt suicide than in those who die by suicide. AIMS: To determine the nature and prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients. METHOD: A representative sample of 150 DSH patients who presented to a general hospital were assessed using a structured clinical interview and a standardised instrument. Follow-up interviews were completed for 118 patients approximately 12-16 months later. RESULTS: ICD-10 psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 138 patients (92.0%), with comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in 46.7%. The most common diagnosis was affective disorder (72.0%). Personality disorder was identified in 45.9% of patients interviewed at follow-up. Comorbidity of psychiatric and personality disorder was present in 44.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric and personality disorders, and their comorbidity, are common in DSH patients. This has important implications for assessment and management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Personality disorders and psychiatric morbidity in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Results of a prospective 10 year catamnesis].

The aim of the current prospective study was to examine at regular intervals the course of the eating disorder symptoms and the psychiatric (co-) morbidity including personality disorders among juvenile patients who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa. Ten years after release from hospital all 39 patients (100%), as well as a control group parallelized for age, gender and occupational status were personally followed-up. Symptoms of eating disorders were documented by means of the Standardized Interview for Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa (SIAB, Fichter et al., 1991), the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO, 1990) was applied to diagnose psychiatric (co-) morbidity, and the Structured Clinical Interview (SKID-II, Spitzer et al., 1993) to assess personality disorders. Compared to the control group, at the time of follow-up a significantly greater number of patients were suffering from a psychiatric disorder, primarily an anxiety disorder, an affective disorder or from drug, respectively alcohol abuse. Personality disorders, chiefly anxious-avoidant types on the DSM-III-R were diagnosed among almost one-fourth of the patients. Our findings indicate that anorexia nervosa is not a developmental disorder limited to puberty but a disorder associated both cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally with other psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: The largest clinical epidemiological surveys of personality disorders have been based on unstructured clinical evaluations. However, several recent studies have questioned the accuracy and thoroughness of clinical diagnostic interviews; consequently, clinical epidemiological studies, like community-based studies, should be based on standardized evaluations. The Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project is one of the largest clinical epidemiological studies to use semistructured interviews to assess a wide range of psychiatric disorders conducted in general clinical outpatient practice. In the present report, the authors examined the frequency of DSM-IV personality disorders in a patient group and the comorbidity among them. METHOD: Eight hundred fifty-nine psychiatric outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality upon presentation for treatment. RESULTS: Slightly less than one-third of the patients were diagnosed with one of the 10 official DSM-IV personality disorders (N=270, 31.4%). When the patients with personality disorder not otherwise specified were included, the rate of any personality disorder increased to almost half of the group (N=391, 45.5%). The majority of patients meeting criteria for one of the specific personality disorders were diagnosed with more than one. Avoidant, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were the most frequent specific diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Personality disorders, as a group, are among the most frequent disorders treated by psychiatrists. They should be evaluated in all psychiatric patients because their presence can influence the course and treatment of the axis I disorder that patients typically identify as their chief complaint.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric disorder and personality factors associated with suicide in older people: a descriptive and case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of psychiatric disorder and personality variables in a sample of older people who had committed suicide and to compare the rates in a subgroup of this sample with those in a control group of people who died from natural causes. DESIGN: Descriptive psychological autopsy study, including interviews with informants, of psychiatric and personality factors in 100 suicides in older people. Case-control study using subgroup of 54 cases and matched control group. SETTING: Four counties and one large urban area in central England, UK. SUBJECTS: Individuals 60 years old and over at the time of death who had died between 1 January 1995 and 1 May 1998, and whose deaths had received a coroner's verdict of suicide (or an open or accidental verdict, where the circumstances of death indicated probable suicide). The control group was an age-and sex-matched sample of people dying through natural causes in the same time period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ICD-10 psychiatric disorder, personality disorder and trait accentuation. MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-seven per cent of the suicide sample had a psychiatric disorder at the time of death, most often depression (63%). Personality disorder or personality trait accentuation was present in 44%, with anankastic or anxious traits the most frequent. Depression, personality disorder, and personality trait accentuation emerged as predictors of suicide in the case-control analysis. CONCLUSION: Personality factors, as well as depression, are important risk factors for suicide in older people.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The behavioural profile of psychiatric disorders in persons with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Problems associated with psychiatric diagnoses could be minimized by identifying behavioural clusters of specific psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Sixty persons with intellectual disability (ID) and behavioural problems, aged 12-55 years, were assessed with standardized Indian tools for intelligence and adaptive behaviour. Clinical diagnoses were conferred as per International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria. Subsequently Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviors (RSMB) and AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale-Part II were administered independently. RESULTS: Aggression and rebellious behaviours were more common in affective disorders and personality disorders. Psychotic and paranoid features were significantly more in psychosis group. Those with behavioural problems had significantly low scores on the sub-scales of RSMB. CONCLUSION: RSMB and AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale-Part II will be useful to identify behavioural clusters, which will complement clinical psychiatric diagnoses in individuals with ID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills of persons with psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the discriminant validity of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) when used to evaluate a heterogeneous sample of subjects with psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Sixty subjects, ranging in age from 16 to 72 years, participated in this study; 30 were persons without disorders living in the community; 30 had diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Two univariate F tests were used to test the hypothesis that mean AMPS measures would differ significantly between the group with and the group without psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: The hypothesis was supported for both AMPS motor and process scale measures. As would be expected among a sample that includes many higher functioning persons, many subjects with psychiatric disorders did just as well as subjects in the group without psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Motor as well as process skill abilities of persons with psychiatric disorders should be evaluated. Because the AMPS provides more specific features than other global functional instruments, it can help clinicians plan treatment and intervention more effectively. Further examination of the motor and process skill deficits within and among diagnostic subgroups and of the effect of medication and prolonged hospitalization on AMPS motor and process abilities is indicated.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Cocaine use and dependence in young adults: associated psychiatric disorders and personality traits.

Current and lifetime prevalence of substance use and psychiatric disorders was determined by administering the NIMH-DIS, revised to cover DSM-III-R diagnoses, to a sample of 1007 young adults. Personality and affectivity were measured also. Increased rate of any Substance Use Disorder was related to use of cocaine more than 5 times over the lifetime regardless of whether or not criteria for Cocaine Dependence were met. Increased rate of any Affective Disorder was related to dependence in those who used cocaine more than 5 times. Cocaine use was associated with increased neuroticism, psychoticism and negative affect.

Adult↗