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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Peru during 1970-1971.

Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus has intermittently produced epidemics and equine epizootics on the dry Pacific coastal plain of Peru since at least the 1930's. However, evidence that the virus exists in the Amazon region of Peru to the east of the Andes mountains was not obtained until antibodies were found in human sera collected in 1965, and 10 strains of the virus were isolated in a forest near the city of Iquitos, Peru during February and March 1971. Eight strains came from mosquitoes and two from dead sentinel hamsters. Three hamsters exposed in forests near Iquitos developed VE virus antibodies suggesting that hamster-benign strains also exist there. Antibody tests of equine sera revealed no evidence that VE virus was actively cycling during the late 1950's or 1960's in southern coastal Peru, where equine epizootics had occurred in the 1930's and 1940's. In northern coastal Peru bordering Ecuador, antibodies were present in equine sera, presumably residual from the 1969 outbreak caused by subtype I virus, since neutralizing antibody titers were higher to subtype I virus than to subtypes III or IV. No VE virus was detected in this northern region during the dry season of 1970 by use of sentinel hamsters. The possibility is considered that VE epidemics and equine epizootics on the Pacific coast of Peru are caused by movements of virus in infected vertebrates traversing Andean passes or in infected vertebrates or mosquitoes carried in airplanes from the Amazon region.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide SNP-based genomic diversity and population structure analysis in alpaca populations from Europe and Peru.

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of alpacas in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (German-speaking regions, GSR) and to compare with that of the country of origin of the species (Peru). A total of 179 animals from GSR and 151 from Peru were genotyped with a species-specific 76k SNP array. The observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.305 and 0.311 for GSR and 0.310 and 0.312 for Peru. The mean FROH values were 0.029 for GSR and 0.023 for Peru. In general, results show that breeders in both analyzed regions efficiently maintain genetic diversity. Principal component analysis identified the GSR and Peru populations as separate from each other, but the relative proximity of both clusters indicates the shared genetic heritage. FST and XPEHH methods identified genomic regions under selection for traits such as coat color and adaptation. Genome-wide association studies comparing black and brown with white or gray alpacas identified associated genome regions containing the ASIP and KIT genes, respectively. The association of a recently identified keratin locus on chromosome 16 with differences in fleece type in alpacas was confirmed, while the putative causality of a TRPV3 variant was rejected.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immediate reactions to patch tests with balsam of Peru.

Closed patch tests with balsam of Peru gave rise to nine immediate reactions among 121 patients with different dermatoses and to 10 reactions among 57 patients with chronic urticaria. Among compounds of balsam of Peru, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid benzoic acid and benzaldehyde also gave the same reactions. The reactions could not passively be transferred with serum from patients. They were abolished by antihistamine given before testing, and by pretreatment with compound 48/80. Balsam of Peru and cinnamic aldehyde did not provoke new symptoms when given orally to patients.

Balsams↗
PubMed1979

Human listeriosis in Peru.

In a survey on listeriosis in Peru a study was made of 653 stool samples; material from 8 cases of perinatal death, in which a macroscopic diagnosis of listeriosis had been made at autopsy; 1 sample of vaginal secretion from a woman with abortion due to listeriosis; and 1 case of abscess which turned out to be an hematometra. The following results have been obtained: 1. From the faeces 7 isolates of Listeria (1.07%) were obtained: 3 belonged to L. monocytogenes serovar 4ab, 3 to L. innocua (the former "4g"--nownow serovar 6b) and 1 to L. monocytogenes serovar 4a. 2. The 8 strains of autopsy materials belonged to L. monocytogenes: 6 serovar 4b and 2 serovar 4d. 3. From the vaginal secretion L. monocytogenes serovar 4b was cultured. 4. The strain from the hematometra was identified as L. monocytogenes serovar 4b. The serovars 4a, 4ab and 4d are at this time the only ones identified in Peru as cause of human listeriosis. The serovars of serogroup 1/2 frequent in Western and primarily in Central Europe, were so far never cultivated.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemiology of cysticercosis in Peru].

UNLABELLED: To determine the frequency and distribution of cysticercosis in Peru, we have reviewed the post mortem examinations of 12 years in the morgue in Lima (necropsies of persons apparently healthy, who died suddenly for different reasons) and in 11 hospitals: 6 in Lima (5 from adults and 1 from children) and from 5 hospitals from other cities located north and south of the capital. The material includes 50 000 necropsies and in those the frequency of cysticercosis was determined; its geographical distribution by states and regions and the frequency by age and sex. Comparison with other similar studies done in Latin America is made and prevalence determined. Frequency of porcine cysticercosis was determined in 82 452 animals killed in Lima in a 3 years period. CONCLUSIONS: frequency of cysticercosis in Peru's hospitals is 1.15%, while in the morgue, which represents approximately what happens in general population in 0.15%. Prevalence is 450 for 100 000 inhabitants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Increase of tooth size in prehistoric coastal Peru, 10,000 B.P.-1,000 B.P.

Teeth increase in size during a 9,000-year period in an archaeologically derived, radiocarbon dated sample of skeletons from a geographically restricted area of coastal Peru. Although cultural change is extensive, including the transition to food production and pottery making, teeth do not reduce as predicted under these conditions by Brace's Probable Mutation Effect. Since most of the dental literature dealing with size change of teeth focuses upon dental reduction, hypotheses explaining why teeth increase through time are not well developed. No obvious selective forces explaining size increase are apparent in the present data. Attrition decreases through time. The increase in tooth size in this collection may be a function of overall cranialfacial size increase, which (pending further data) may be related to a general body size increase.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[An osseus tumor in the skull of a precolumbian indian from Peru (author's transl)].

A walnut-sized, stalked, osseus tumor in the region of the protuberantia occipitalis externa of the skull of a precolumbian indian from Peru is described. Radiological and histological examinations grouped this neoplasm with the fibro-osseus tumors. Cytologically, it is one of the rarely seen nearly compact forms of the large, mostly spongy osteomas of the skull roof.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

[Integration of health development cooperation into the cultural and socioeconomic context of the operational area: work of the Putina medical team in Peru].

Contrasting with what happened with the indio traditional medicine and with the Western medical knowledge the Spaniards imported, industrialized nations' medicine, through its growing ability to fight infectious diseases, has sharpened in Peru in the 20th century the social disparity between the well-to-do upper classes and the poor masses. In order to alleviate this situation, efforts have been undertaken since the 1940's in the Department of Puno, the poorest of the country, in order to bring to the rural population the benefits of modern medicine. Since 1971, a team of Swiss physicians, integrated into the Peruvian Ministry of Health, works in the Putina area in several State health centers. There are presently five doctors for a 130,000 inhabitants population, collaborating in the setting up of basic health services. The most important pillars of the programme, which should be able to function without physicians, if need be, are voluntary health auxiliaries, chosen by their own community (1 per 500 people). State employed auxiliary nurses (1 per 5000 people), and Peruvian State Registered nurses, entrusted with training and supervisory tasks. The progress of the programme, in terms of the growing independence of the basic health system, is described, as are potentialities and limits in bringing it closer to the indigenous traditional medicine. Through the example of the supply of basic drugs, it is pointed out how setbacks suffered in the last two years, are illustrative of the country political crisis and of its growing dependency on industrialized nations.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic and biologic characteristics of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains including a possible new subtype, isolated from the Amazon region of Peru in 1971.

Nine strains of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus isolated from the Amazon region of Peru in 1971 were identified as antigenic subtype I based on plaque-reduction neutralization tests with four and 20 units of antibody. A tenth strain, 71D1252, was possibly a new subtype, but was related to subtypes I and III. Hemagglutinins of each strain made from infected mouse brains had optimals pHs of 6.2 and 6.4. Nine strains were pathogenic for adult hamsters and adult mice, but strain 71D1252 inapparently infected some adult hamsters and mice inoculated peripherally. Plaques of nine strains in Vero African green monkey kidney cell cultures were intermediate in size between representative epizootic and enzootic strains, but plaques of strain 71D1252 were small like epizootic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Home range, activity pattern, and agonistic encounters of a group of night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) in Peru.

Findings are presented from a 9-week field study on Aotus trivirgatus in continuous primary, tropical forest in Peru. One group of 2 adults and 2 juveniles utilized the same lodge area in the center of a home range of 3.1 ha for the duration of the study. The group utilized eleven fruit trees of nine different species during the 9 weeks. The home range overlapped extensively with that of other Aotus groups.

Aggression↗
PubMed2025

Identification of intragenic variants in pediatric patients with intellectual disability in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability in Latin America can reach a frequency of 12% of the population, these may include nutritional deficiencies, exposure to toxic or infectious agents, and the lack of universal neonatal screening programs. In 90% of patients with intellectual disability, the etiology can be attributed to variants in the genome. OBJECTIVE: to determine intragenic variants in patients with intellectual disability between 5 and 18 years old at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. A total of 124 children diagnosed with intellectual disability were selected based on psychological test results and availability for whole exome sequencing. In addition, a chromosomal analysis of 6.55 M was performed on ten patients with a negative result in sequencing. Relative and absolute frequencies and measures of central tendency and dispersion were determined according to their nature. In addition, multiple linear regression and Poisson regression were used to determine the association between some clinical characteristics and the probability of occurrence in patients with positive results. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 6.3 (IQR = 5.95), males accounted for 57.3%, and 91.9% of the cases had mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing determined the etiology in 30.6% of patients with intellectual disability, of which 52.6% were autosomal dominant inheritance. The most frequent genes found were MECP2, STXBP1 and LAMA2. A broad genotype-phenotype correlation was identified, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability in this population. The presence of dermatologic lesions, dystonia, peripheral neurological disorders, and fourth finger flexion limitation were observed more frequently in patients with intellectual disability with "positive results". CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that one-third of patients with intellectual disability exhibit intragenic variants, highlighting the importance of genetic analysis for accurate diagnosis. The identification of genes such as MECP2, STXBP1, and LAMA2 underscores the genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability in the studied population. These findings emphasize the need for genetic testing in clinical management and the implementation of early detection programs in Peru.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Prevalence and persistence of high-risk HPV genotypes in unvaccinated asymptomatic women: a six-year study in Peru.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine the frequency of HPV-hr and describe the distribution by categories (HPV16, HPV18, HPV-hr non16/18) among unvaccinated asymptomatic women in Peru over a 6-year period (2013-2018). In addition, the disease clearance rate is assessed in a percentage of cases. RESULTS: Of the 6,665 samples, 2,240 (33.6%) tested positive for HPV. Among the positive cases, single-genotype infections were caused by HPV-16 (14.8%), followed by HPV-18 (2.2%) and clustered high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes (66.7%). Multiple HPV-16 infections were more common than HPV-18 infections. In addition, 22 cases (1%) presented with infection with HPV-16, HPV-18, and HR-HPV genotypes. A subset of 116 samples from patients with 1 to 2 years of follow-up was analyzed further. Clearance rates were high, at 68.8% for HPV-16 infections and 67.5% for HR-HPV infections. However, the elimination rate of multiple infections with HPV-16 and HR-HPV genotypes was slightly lower, at 55.6%.

Prevalence↗
PubMed1978

High altitude pulmonary edema. Epidemiologic observations in Peru.

The incidence of high altitude pulmonary edema was examined by a survey (via questionnaire) of residents living at 3,750 meters (12,303 feet) in the mining community of La Oroya, Peru. Ninety-seven subjects made a total of 1,157 ascents to high altitude after a stay at sea level of longer than 14 days. Sixty-four subjects experienced at least one episode of high-altitude pulmonary edema. The incidence was higher in subjects aged 13 to 20 years, where 17 percent (15) of 90 ascents resulted in episodes of high-altitude pulmonary edema, than in subjects 21 years or older (3 percent; 18/686 ascents). Young subjects (2 to 12 years old) had more severe episodes of high-altitude pulmonary edema (81 percent; 30/37 episodes) than adults (22 percent; 4/18 episodes). No episodes were observed in children under two years old. Five subjects under 21 years of age experienced recurrent episodes. Our estimated incidence of severe episodes of high altitude pulmonary edema per ascent in adults (0.6 percent; 4/686) is similar to that reported by other workers (incidence of 0.15 to 0.57 percent) in various parts of the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Constituents in Erythroxylum coca I: gas chromatographic analysis of cocaine from three locations in Peru.

A method for the determination of cocaine content in coca leaves (Erythroxylum coca) has been developed. The procedure involves refluxing the powdered leaves in 95% ethanol for 15 minutes, followed by acid-base partitioning with chloroform and a GLC assay. The recovery of cocaine was quantitative. This procedure was applied to determine cocaine content in three samples of Erythroxylum coca Lam. collected from different geographic locations in Peru. Using androst-4-ene-3,17-dione as the internal standard the calibration curve was linear over a factor of 0.5 to 10 fold cocaine concentration relative to internal standard. The slope (b) was 0.733, the coefficient of determination (r2) was 1.00 and the average precision was 3.9%.

Chloroform↗
PubMed1979

[Classification of Leptospira isolated in Peru].

Antigenic properties of 23 leptospira cultures isolated in Peru were studied by immunological absorption. Two new individual leptospira serovars were classified as huanuco with a reference strain M-4, representing a new Huanuco serological group, and san-martini with a reference strain CT-63 belonging to the Hebdomadis serological group. Besides for the first time in the American part of the world serovar budapest belonging to Icterohaemorrhagiae serological group was recorded; also the first finding of serovar pyrogenes of the pyrogenes serological group was certified.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. I. Occurrence, frequency and distribution of multiple infections in rural communities in Chad, Peru, Afghanistan, and Zaire.

Parasitic diseases are predominantly rural diseases. They are often associated with poverty, illiteracy, poor sanitation and high risks of exposure to environmental and biological hazards. Because these factors are also essential determinants in the epidemiology of a variety of other infections with quite different etiologies, occurrence of multiple infections in the same people is common. In the tropics, polyparasitism may involve diseases of major public health inportance such as malaria, schistosomiasis, filarial infections, trypanosomiasis, and others. The paper presents data on the frequency and types of multiple infections with different parasitic and other infectious agents for thirteen villages of Chad, Peru and Afghanistan. The age and sex patterns of a number of observed combinations of parasitic and other diseases are shown for different ecological zones. Concomitant infections with up to five species of filarial worms are found in residents of villages in the Congo River Basin of Zaire. The specific types of combinations of these infections vary from place to place and appear to be closely linked to ecological factors.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed1978

[The experience in dental education of Cayetano Heredia University of Peru].

This article describes the educational experience gained in the dentistry program of Cayetano Heredia University in Peru. The programs for professional and auxiliary personnel training were drawn up after analyzing the health needs of the population and the services required to meet them, which resulted in the elaboration of an original methodology and taxonomy. Learning is an integral experience, one that takes place in the dental clinic, the hospital, and the community. The curriculum includes the following components: units for the intensive learning of clinical functions, fewer preclinical activities, clinical training with the ongoing assistance of auxiliary staff, extended interaction with marginal urban communities, rural internships, and hospital externships. A summary account is given of the gains made, the difficulties encountered, and plans for devising in-service teaching approaches that more effectively meet the needs of the community.

Community Dentistry↗