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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Micro-organisms as fertilizers and pest control agents in agricultural crops.

Micro-organisms can potentially supplement or replace the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in many agricultural cropping systems. Their increased use may reduce the need for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, particularly in legume and cereal crops, and provide a more ecologically sound method of controlling pests and phytopathogens. Recombinant DNA technology offers the potential to extend and improve these applications. However, genetically modified micro-organisms may occasionally themselves pose environmental risks. Model ecosystems such as intact soil-core microcosms may be useful for both testing efficacy and evaluating environmental risk prior to proceeding with field trials.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

The efficacy of ultrasonic pest controllers for fleas and ticks.

Two ultrasonic pest controllers, a pet-collar unit and a large unit for household use, were tested for their efficacy in repelling fleas and ticks in a choice chamber. Neither unit had any affect on the distribution of fleas or ticks in the choice chamber up to 24 h exposure, and activity of fleas, ticks and cockroaches was unimpaired. The study extends and supports previous findings that ultrasound is ineffective as a means of controlling common pests of households and pets.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Health effects and personal protection in pest control workers using organophosphorus insecticides].

One hundred and sixteen pest control workers (16 termite control workers (Sprayer I), 46 cockroach or fly-control workers (Sprayer II) and 56 both termite and cockroach or fly-control workers (Sprayer III)) were surveyed by a questionnaire and health examinations. Variety and quantity of pesticide used, personal usage of protective devices (respirator, gloves, work clothes, under wear), and conditions related to bathing were studied by a questionnaire. Relationships between protective devices and blood cholinesterase activity (ChE) were also analyzed. Significant findings were as follows: Most of the pest control operators wore gum gloves and gas masks when involved in termite control. However in the case of cockroach or fly-control, 38% did not wear gloves, and for respiratory protection 44% wore gas masks while 25% of them did not even use any form of respirators. In spite of having better protective practices than sprayers II and III, sprayer I showed significantly lower plasma ChE activity than both sprayer II and III. Plasma ChE activity in sprayers who put on simple respirators tended to be lower than those using gas masks. Plasma ChE activity was also significantly lower in those workers who had less frequent changes of work clothes compared to those with more frequent.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Possibilities of using insectistatics and pheromones in pest control.

Agents that can decimate insect populations by suppressing growth and reproduction rather than by causing rapid mortality are called insectistatics. Their activity includes interruption of cuticle formation, induction of hormonal imbalance by extrinsic juvenoids or ecdysoids, developmental disturbances due to nutrient antagonists, symbioticides, or accelerators of metabolism. Disruption of mating may be accomplished by pheromone trapping and disorientation or by prevention of sex attraction. The possible contribution of such biotechnical procedures to the control of storage pests is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Textile pest control in textile stores with a combination preparation of methoxycholor and chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate]].

The effect on man of a mixture of methoxyclorine and 0,0-diethyl-(o8k8l-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate (chlorpyrifos) used for textile pest control in poorly ventilated textile storages were examined under realistic test conditions. The chronical exposure of the test persons to chlorpyrifos, although originally thought to be of a negligible order, surprisingly resulted in an approximately 40% inhibition of the serum chlinesterase (ChE) without any significant spontaneous recovery of the ChE activity in three out of four test subjects during the test period. On the contrary, the activity of the acetylcholinesterase of the erythrocytes (AChE), after a temporary insignificant decrease, was found to be considerable increased for the duration of the test. As a result of these examinations it is recommended not to use insecticides containing alkylphosphates for textile pest control in poorly ventilated reeom if an exposure of man during the desorption phase cannot be excluded.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Performance of an aquatic multispecies system in evaluating the effects of a model microbial pest control agent on nontarget organisms.

A recirculating multispecies test system was developed in conjunction with a study of the fate and persistence of a model microbial pest control agent on non-target marine and freshwater organisms. The basic unit of the system was a 113-I glass aquarium with vertical biological filters in the center of the aquarium, such that two compartments were formed. This allowed the sequestration of predator and prey species within the same system. Organisms from six phyletic groups were subjected to a genetically altered strain of Pseudomonas putida for 15-29 d in either artificial seawater or fresh water. The system was able to maintain the animals for these periods with a minimum of maintenance. Additionally, the system design lent itself to disinfection, dismantling, and rebuilding between experiments with a minimum of labor, and has potential for longer-term studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospects for developing and improving a chemical method of pest control in the next 10 to 15 years.

The assortment of chemical substances for pest control which exists in the world or is planned by us, and the reserves which exist in scientific research make it possible to assert that: 1) It is possible to produce an assortment of pesticides that is practically harmless for man and useful animals; 2) it is possible to eliminate the accumulation of pesticides and their residue in the environment, in food products, and in food chains; 3) it is possible to produce highly selective pesticides which will not damage useful inhabitants of the biosphere, particularly useful arthropods and soil microorganisms; 4) it is possible with the proper technical approaches, especially with proper alternation of pesticides, to avoid the development of resistant strains of pests. This requires continuation of intensive scientific and technical investigations both of the pesticides themselves and in producing integrated systems with the use of an entire complex of means and methods for protecting the harvest, and improving the technical means of application.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1977

[Present trends in the development of pest control methods with reference to environmental protection].

Problems are discussed which result from the present change in principles of parasite control. The main task is maximum limiting the damage caused by certain parasite species. But ecological stability should be disturbed at minimum level. Likewise the introduction of physiologically active alien substances in the ecosystem should be minimal. The solution of this task for practice is joined with research on natural regulation systems in populations and biocenoses, for such system determine the degree and number of species. Three main steps for this solution were shown: Ist: Evaluation of the scope of control; IInd: Evaluation of the strategy of control; IIIrd: Evaluation of a measures program to realize the chosen strategy.

Ecology↗
PubMed1991

A host-host-pathogen model with free-living infective stages, applicable to microbial pest control.

A model has been investigated of the dynamics of the interaction between two hosts which are both attacked by a common pathogen, where the pathogen has free-living infective stages the population size of which must itself be modelled explicitly, and where the host species do not interact with one another except through their shared pathogen. If either host interacted with the pathogen alone, three broad classes of dynamics would be possible: host regulation, pathogen persistence and pathogen extinction. Here, all possible types of combinations of hosts are examined: regulation-regulation (both hosts would be regulated if they interacted with the pathogen alone), regulation-persistence, regulation-extinction, persistence-persistence persistence-extinction and extinction-extinction. A wide range of dynamics is generated, including a number of patterns quite unlike those found in the one-host pathogen case (e.g. persistence in one host, elimination of the other host) and behaviour contingent on initial densities in the system. For clarity and pertinence, attention is focused on the case where one host is a pest, the pathogen is a potential microbial control agent, and the other host is a non-target species which it is undesirable to harm. The model suggests, broadly, that non-targets are unlikely to be seriously threatened in such cases, and also that non-targets, far from undermining pest control, are quite likely to contribute to its efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Development of a recombinant baculovirus expressing an insect-selective neurotoxin: potential for pest control.

Recombinant nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) expressing insect-selective toxins, hormones, or enzymes could enhance their insecticidal properties. We have constructed a recombinant, polyhedrin-positive Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV) that is orally infectious and expresses an insect-selective toxin (AaIT), isolated from the scorpion Androctonus australis, under the control of the p10 promoter. Bioassays with the recombinant baculovirus on 2nd instar larvae of Heliothis virescens demonstrated a significant decrease in the time to kill (LT50 88.0 hours) compared to wild-type AcNPV (LT50 125 hours). Production of AaIT was confirmed by western blot analysis of larval hemolymph from infected H. virescens, and bioassays with larvae of Sarcophaga falculata.

Animals↗