8/21 translocation, loss of the Y chromosome and Philadelphia chromosome.
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Philadelphia Chromosome”
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Three chromosomes' (7;9;22) rearrangement and the origin of the Philadelphia chromosome.
A woman with chronic myelocytic leukemia had the Philadelphia chromosome and a complex four-break--three-chromosome rearrangement. The q32 leads to q34 portion of chromosome 9 is translocated to band q22 of chromosome 7, and at the end of this segment is attached the deleted q11 leads to qter portion of chromosome 22. A review of 12 cases of the Philadelphia chromosome originating by the rearrangement of three or more chromosomes reveals that chromosomes 9 and 22 are always involved, while the third chromosome is a different one in each case. We discuss the hypothesis that the 22q segment is always specifically attached to band 9q34 wherever this portion of 9q is transposed.
Aged↗
Chromosome banding studies in Philadelphia chromosome positive myeloid leukaemia.
A cytogenetic study of Ph1 positive myeloid leukaemia in both chronic and acute phases had been made by a chromosome banding technique. The translocation (t(9;22)(q34;q11), designated t(Ph1) was present in the myeloid cells of 43 of 44 patients; the exceptional case had normal number 9 chromosomes and a different translocation (t(19;22)(q13;q11)). A translocation additional to that involving the Ph1 was found as a stable abnormality present in all myeloid cells in 4 patients, chromosome 17 being involved in 2. The association of isochromosome number 17 with blast crisis was confirmed. New data were obtained concerning the significance of duplicated or dicentric Ph1 chromosomes and their relationship with the 9q+ anomaly. Monoclonal origin of Ph1 was confirmed in cases with polymorphic number 22 or 9 chromosomes.
Adolescent↗
The significance of the Philadelphia chromosome in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report of two cases.
Two cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are reported, both of which lost the Philadelphia chromosome during remission. In one patient remission of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia continued but classical Ph1 positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia developed. In the other patient relapse of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia occurred associated with the return of the Ph1 chromosome. The evidence suggests that the chromosome aberration occurred in a pluripotential stem cell, which in one case proliferated along both a lymphoid cell line and a myeloid cell line. Both cases responded well to conventional therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Adult↗
Reciprocal translocation and the Philadelphia chromosome.
We examined metaphases from three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and a typical Philadelphia chromosome with one chromosome 9 as the recipient to determine whether the 9q+22q- translocation is reciprocal. Good quality G-banded photographs of the chromosomes concerned were subjected to light absorption density analysis. This provided enlarged tracings corresponding to the relevant chromosome regions and so facilitated accurate measurement. This technique has unambiguously shown that the typical Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation and that probably no material is gained or lost in the exchange. Furthermorein a total of six patients for whom sequential G and C banding was performed, the chromosome 9 with the largest block of centromeric heterochromatin received the translocated material. We offer tentative explanations for this curious observation.
Azure Stains↗
Subacute myelocytic leukemia associated with the philadelphia chromosome and supplementary translocation : 9-12.
The authors report a case of subacute myelocytic leukemia presenting some severe aspects. The cytogenetic findings show the Philadelphia chromosome ; t (9-22) and a second translocation between the chromosome 12, and the other chromosome 9 : t (9-12). They think that this second translocation represents a supplementary cytogenetic argument for the isolation of "Subacute myeloid Leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome" within chronic myeloid Leukemia.
Chromosome Aberrations↗
The Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukemia.
The cytogenetics, cytology and cytochemistry, clinical findings, therapeutic response and survival of patients presenting with acute leukemia and the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) are briefly reviewed based upon a survey of the world literature and 16 cases seen at the University of Minnesota during the last 10 years. Details regarding the 16 cases from the University of Minnesota series are presented and two appendices listing the majority of reports of Ph1 + acute leukemia are included. Comparison of adults with Ph1+ and Ph1- acute leukemia demonstrate important clinical, therapeutic and prognostic differences. In general, patients with Ph1+ acute leukemia respond less well to treatment and survive significantly shorter periods of time. Since the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukemia has therapeutic and prognostic significance, marrow chromosome studies should be performed in adults presenting with acute leukemia, especially acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Acute Disease↗
Possible mechanisms for the genesis of common chromosome abnormalities, including isochromosomes and the philadelphia chromosome.
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Centromere↗
Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukemia: case report.
A case report of serial chromosome studies on a child presumed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is presented. Hematologic remission was achieved after 3 weeks and maintained until death 63 weeks later. The classic Philadelphia chromosome translocation was found, both at diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, in a proportion of cells from PHA-stimulated blood cultures. The finding is related to other reports of Philadelphia-positive clones in ALL, as well as those in chronic myeloid leukemia and its acute transformation, and other myeloproliferative disorders. The origin of the Philadelphia chromosome in this case is considered in the light of current stem cell theory, and its relevance to lymphocytic neoplasia is discussed. We believe that the finding of a Ph1-positive clone in a cell line morphologically indistinguishable from normal lymphocytes in a case of acute leukemia is unique.
Bone Marrow↗
[Does blastic crisis as revealed in chronic myeloid leukemia simulate either acute primary leukemia or acute primary leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome?].
In ten cases of apparently primary acute leukaemia, the discovery of a Philadelphia chromosome at routine examination of the caryotype led a diagnosis of blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. The clinical, cytological and cytogenetic pictures varied and only routine caryotypic examination may be used in reaching the diagnosis. The prognosis appear to be less bad than in blastic crises occurring after a long course of chronic myeloid leukaemia and closer to that of primary acute myeloid leukaemia.
Adolescent↗
Variation in the Philadelphia chromosome.
Cytogenetic study of 17 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia has shown that the Philadelphia chromosome is a variable entity, differing in size and banding pattern between individuals.
Adult↗
Sister chromatid exchange in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive leukemia.
The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was studied in the leukemic cells of 12 patients, 10 with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 1 with Ph1-negative CML, and 1 with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Except for two patients in the blastic phase of CML, the SCE values were within the normal range [3.8 +/- 6.4 (S.D.) SCE/cell; normal is 3.3 +/- 2.2 SCE/cell]. In the two cases with the blastic phase of CML, the values were 7.6 +/- 3.2 and 8.9 +/- 4.7 SCE/cell, a statistically significant difference from the control values. However, in the patient with acute myeoblastic leukemia, the SCE incidence increased from 3.6 to 24.4 SCE per cell when therapy was changed to daunorubicin and vincristine and the disease became progressive. Further studies on SCE and leukemia may prove the usefulness of this determination for therapeutic and clinical purposes.
Adolescent↗
The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in adults presenting with acute leukaemia: a comparison of Ph1+ and Ph1-patients.
To evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in adult acute leukaemia, bone marrow chromosomes were studied in 15 adults with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and 55 with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). Morphology, clinical findings, therapeutic response and survival were compared in patients with and without the Ph1. The Ph1 was found in six newly diagnosed adults presenting with ALL. Adults with Ph1+ ALL differed from those with Ph1-ALL in being older, in having more frequent lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly and in demonstrating higher initial leucocyte counts and more peripheral blasts. Complete remissions were obtained in all nine adults with Ph1-All but in only three of six with Ph1+ ALL. Adults with Ph1-ALL survived significantly longer. Four adults with ANALL were Ph1+. They did not respond to treatment and survived significantly shorter periods than adults with Ph1-ANLL. No clinical or morphologic features indicated which patients with acute leukaemia would have the Ph1. Since the presence of the Ph1 in acute leukaemia has therapeutic and prognostic significance, marrow chromosome studies should be performed in adults presenting with acute leukaemia, especially ALL.
Adolescent↗
Acute myeloid leukaemia with the Philadelphia chromosome.
A case report of serial chromosome studies on a 26-year-old male with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is presented. The classic Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) translocation, t (9;22) was found in 77% of the metaphases at diagnosis and in 100% in relapse; during a 3-month remission period the cytogenetic picture was normal or the Ph1 was present in a minor cell population only. The clinical and morphologic features of this case indicated that it was really a case of AML and less likely chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) presenting in blast crisis. It is suggested that the oncogen producing the 9;22-translocation and CML may also induce AML in rare instances.
Adult↗
[A new case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome in the child (author's transl)].
The systematic study of the medullary karyotype in the course of haemopathies has led us to a new case of Philadelphia chromosome in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This was a case of a 13 year old child. Is this a particular class of haemopathy? Do such observations put a question on the dual theory of the origins of blood germ cells? The elaborate medullary karyotype in the course of haemopathy may solve this problem. A rigorously nosological classification is essential for appraising the therapeutic plan chosen and making a pronosis.
Adolescent↗
Group-specific human granulocyte antigens on a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line with a Philadelphia chromosome marker.
Group-specific human granulocyte antigens are serologically detectable with granulocytotoxic-positive human alloantisera on a cell line, K562, of chronic myelogenous leukemia origin which bears a Philadelphia chromosomal marker. The same cell line lacks serologically detectable HLA, B2 microglobulin, and B-lymphocyte antigens. Granulocyte antigens are important cell markers for cell lines of suspected myeloid lineage.
Antigens↗
Philadelphia-chromosome-positive pre-B-cell leukemia presenting as blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Cytogenetic studies of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have shown that the majority of hemopoietic cells originate from pluripotential stem cells affected in this disease. Evidence that lymphocytes are also progeny of these stem cells, however, has been indirect. Philadelphia-chromosome-positive leukemic blasts from a 4 10/12-yr-old boy with CML in blast crisis had features characteristic of pre-B leukemic cells, including expression of cytoplasmic IgM and absence of surface immunoglobulin. Additional immunologic, enzymatic, and pharmacologic characterization of these cells supported their pre-B-cell phenotype. Together, these features provide direct evidence for CML stem cell ancestry to lymphocytes of the B-cell lineage.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia developing in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission for over five years and with no systemic chemotherapy for over two years developed a peripheral blood and bone marrow granulocytosis. While in remission from the ALL, cytogenetic studies revealed a normal karyotype. With the development of peripheral and marrow granulocytosis, repeat cytogenetic preparations demonstrated the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The long interval between the onset of ALL and GML, as well as the normal karyotype during remission from the ALL, causes us to favor the hypothesis that two separate diseases are present.
Bone Marrow Examination↗