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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Effects of different short-term dietary phosphorus levels on egg specific gravity and blood phosphorus of hens.

In the first 2 experiments, laying hens were fed a diet containing .30% phosphorus for a preliminary period of 3 days. At the beginning of the experimental period, hens were fed .30, .75, or 1.40% phosphorus with 3.50% calcium. Another group of hens was fed .75% phosphorus and 1.40% calcium. Specific gravity of the eggs and blood serum inorganic phosphorus were determined and compared with those from control hens continuously fed a diet containing .75% phosphorus and 3.50% calcium. Both high phosphorus and/or low calcium decreased the specific gravity of eggs and increased the serum phosphorus level. In experiment 2, hens were fed different levels of phosphorus at different times of the day. Birds receiving 1.40% phosphorus between 0700 and 0930 hr and .30% phosphorus between 0930 and 2000 hr (Treatment 2) laid eggs with higher specific gravity than hens fed .30% phosphorus between 0700 and 0930 hr and 1.40% phosphorus between 0930 and 2000 hr (Treatment 3). there was no further improvement in egg shell quality over that from hens fed .75% phosphorus for both time periods (0700 to 2000 hr). In both experiments it was apparent that the dietary phosphorus level affected egg shell quality.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The phosphorus excretion pattern and balance during one egg cycle of the laying hen fed a phosphorus deficient diet with or without a single dose of phosphoric acid.

A balance trial was conducted to study the phosphorus excretion pattern of laying hens in relation to egg cycle. Excreta were collected quantitatively at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr after oviposition. The amount of feed consumed corresponding to the excreta collected at a specific time interval was calculated using chromic oxide as a marker. The percent recovery of chromic oxide with laying hens was 73.97 +/- .56%. The maximum apparent digestibility of the dietary phosphorus, all of plant origin, was estimated to be 28.9 +/- 3.1% during 0 to 4 hr after oviposition when the endogenous excretion of phosphorus was theoretically minimized. Laying hens fed a diet containing .30% phosphorus excreted 24.3 mg less phosphorus than intake during the day, indicating that hens had to withdraw approximately 100 mg of phosphorus from their body to produce an egg. These hens excreted 63.1 +/- 27.0 mg of endogenous phosphorus during the 24 hr period, most of which was excreted during the period between 12 to 24 hr after oviposition of the previous egg. The excretion pattern of phosphorus was closely related to the egg laying cycle of the hen. Hens dosed with 100 mg of phosphorus, as a phosphoric acid solution, excreted more phosphorus than the undosed control birds. Approximately 45 mg of 100 mg of the phosphorus dose were excreted during the 24 hr period. At least 84.8 mg of the dosed phosphorus were absorbed within 12 hr and a part of it was excreted during the later period. Data indicated that the true absorption rate of the dosed phosphorus might have been much faster.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1992

[Investigation of phosphorus calcium metabolism after oral phosphorus supplementation].

Effects of oral administration of phosphorus on phosphorus and calcium parameters and on bone metabolism hormones were investigated in two studies: in the first, 12 young female adults and 8 females over 50 years of age took a single oral load dose of 780 mg elemental phosphorus, whereas in the second study assays were performed 5 and 15 days after initiation of twice-daily phosphorus supplements in 19 young adults, 14 subjects above 50 years of age who were free of osteoporosis, and 12 patients with osteoporosis also over 50 years of age. The phosphorus load was associated with an increase in intact parathyroid hormone levels (iPTH 1-84), which was more marked in subjects above 50 years of age than in younger adults. On the 15th day of phosphorus supplementation, there was no significant increase in baseline iPTH and no change in baseline dihydroxyvitamin D or osteocalcin levels; during the Nordin tests, the fractional calcium excretion index (CaU/CrU) and the fractional hydroxyproline excretion index (OH Pro/CrU) remained unchanged. In contrast, the phosphorus load was followed by a decrease in the maximum phosphorus reabsorption threshold (TMP/DFG), which was more marked on the 5th day than on the 15th day; a slight fall in serum phosphorus levels was also seen on the 15th day. These findings suggest that phosphorus supplementation should be intermittent rather than continuous. Analysis of subjects aged 50 to 69 years failed to disclose any significant differences between patients with and without osteoporosis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on ultra-filterable calcium and dialyzable phosphorus in the laying hen.

Laying hens were fed diets containing combinations of 2.6 or 3.6% calcium and .45 or .75% total phosphorus. After receiving the diets for 2 wk, blood samples were collected during a 24-h period at 6-h intervals and total calcium, ultrafilterable calcium and dialyzable phosphorus was determined on blood plasma. Plasma total calcium was higher (P less than .05) in hens that received the diets containing the higher level of calcium (3.6%), but was not influenced by dietary phosphorus levels. Overall in the experiment, neither the dietary calcium nor phosphorus levels had significant effects on the plasma ultrafilterable calcium or dialyzable phosphorus. However, at 0600 and 1200 h, dialyzable phosphorus levels in plasma of hens fed the diet high in both calcium and phosphorus was significantly (P less than .05) greater than that in plasma from hens fed diets low in both calcium and phosphorus. The time that the blood sample was taken had a significant effect (P less than .05) on plasma total calcium, ultrafilterable calcium, and dialyzable phosphorus.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The phosphorus supply of pigs in the body weight category of 11-38 kg. 1. The effect of the phosphorus supply on the performance, nutrient digestibility, protein and fat content in soft tissue and skeleton and protein and fat deposits].

The influence of phosphorus supply on performance and nutrient composition of the empty body was studied in two individual feeding experiments with two and three groups resp. (7 or 8 animals per group). The phosphorus content of the unsupplemented diet was in the experiments I and II 2.97 and 2.41 g/kg, the supplemented phosphorus (as monocalcium phosphate) amounted of 2.5 and 2.33 g/kg diet respectively. The phosphorus supplementation increased live weight gain in both experiments by 84 and 45% and improved feed conversion by 35 and 23% respectively. Phosphorus deficiency did not influence the digestibility of nutrients. The fat content of soft tissue and skeleton of the phosphorus deficient animals was increased. They deposited 0.7 kg more fat (in both experiments) and 1.5 or 0.7 kg less protein in experiment I and II respectively. The utilisation of energy for deposition was not influenced by the different phosphorus supply.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1989

Reduction of dietary phosphorus absorption by phosphorus binders. A theoretical, in vitro, and in vivo study.

Antacids used to decrease phosphorus absorption in patients with renal failure may be toxic. To find more efficient or less toxic binders, a three-part study was conducted. First, theoretical calculations showed that phosphorus binding occurs in the following order of avidity: Al3+ greater than H+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Mg2+. In the presence of acid (as in the stomach), aluminum can therefore bind phosphorus better than calcium or magnesium. Second, in vitro studies showed that the time required to reach equilibrium varied from 10 min to 3 wk among different compounds, depending upon solubility in acid and neutral solutions. Third, the relative order of effectiveness of binders in vivo was accurately predicted from theoretical and in vitro results; specifically, calcium acetate and aluminum carbonate gel were superior to calcium carbonate or calcium citrate in inhibiting dietary phosphorus absorption in normal subjects. We concluded that: (a) inhibition of phosphorus absorption by binders involves a complex interplay between chemical reactions and ion transport processes in the stomach and small intestine; (b) theoretical and in vitro studies can identify potentially better in vivo phosphorus binders; and (c) calcium acetate, not previously used for medical purposes, is approximately as efficient as aluminum carbonate gel and more efficient as a phosphorus binder than other currently used calcium salts.

Acetates↗

PubMed1978

Phosphorus vapor exposure in phosphorus using plants.

Operator exposure to phosphorus in five areas in the five FMC using plants was documented primarily with area samplers. However, where significant levels of phosphorus vapors were found, personal sampling was also performed. Eight-hour time-weighted-average phosphorus exposure levels were estimated for operators in the phosphorus burning plants from the area measurements. Maintenance worker exposure was also studied. No worker was exposed to phosphorus concentrations above the current 0.1 mg/M3 threshold limit value (TLV).

Air Pollutants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Capillary column gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection for determination of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides in finished drinking waters: collaborative study.

A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/AOAC interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on EPA Method 507, Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Finished Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector, to determine the mean recovery and precision for analyses of 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Ten volunteer laboratories extracted the spiked test waters with methylene chloride, performed a solvent exchange with methyl tert-butyl ether, and analyzed an aliquot of each extract by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Results were analyzed using an EPA computer program, which measured recovery and precision for each of the 45 pesticides and compared the performance of the method between water types. Method 507 was judged acceptable for all analytes tested except merphos, which thermally decomposed in the injection port of the gas chromatograph. Five compounds (carboxin, disulfoton, metolachlor, pronamide, and simazine) exhibited statistically significant matrix effects for the finished drinking water. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC.

Calibration↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of long-term administration of low-molecular dextran (40,000) on the blood levels of inorganic phosphorus and lipid-bound phosphorus in patients with cerebral infarction].

The effect of low-molecular dextran given on 6 days after cerebral infarction onset on the content of inorganic phosphorus and lipid-bound phosphorus was studied in 22 patients. The obtained results were compared with those in a control group. Low-molecular dextran caused a statistically significant decrease of the serum lipid-bound phosphorus level in healthy subjects and in patients, which was most pronounced on the sixth day of successive dextran administration, while it had no effect on serum inorganic phosphorus in the studied subjects.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Effect of hypocalcemia on renal phosphorus handling in the rat: interaction with dietary phosphorus and PTH.

The effect of Na-EGTA induced hypocalcemia was investigated in chronically parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. In dietary inorganic phosphorus (Pi) replete animals, reduction in the plasma calcium to 1.37 +/- 0.03 mM at constant filtered loads of Pi had no effect on tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (85 +/- 3 vs. 83 +/- 2 micrograms/ml, NS). In dietary Pi-deprived rats, where an elevation of plasma calcium is a known accompaniment, similar reduction in plasma calcium concentration also failed to alter (89 +/- 2 vs. 90 +/- 2 micrograms/ml, NS) phosphorus reabsorption. Resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in dietary Pi deprivation was confirmed. Super imposition of PTH on EGTA induced hypocalcemia during dietary Pi deprivation, however, resulted in a significant reduction in tubular Pi reabsorption (81 +/- 2 vs. 67 +/- 3 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.05) with full restoration of its phosphaturic action. These changes were unaccompanied by differences in urinary adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP). In conclusion, hypocalcemia per se does not alter the renal handling of phosphorus at constant plasma Pi concentrations. The elevation in the plasma calcium associated with dietary Pi deprivation does not contribute importantly to the hypophosphaturia of dietary Pi deprivation. Hypocalcemia, however, abolishes the resistance to PTH observed in Pi deprivation.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Phosphorus-31 NMR studies of stabilized phosphorus ylids in the solid state.

Phosphorus-31 powder NMR spectra and high-resolution MAS spectra have been obtained for a number of stabilized phosphorus ylids under conditions of high-power proton decoupling and cross-polarization. The 31P CP/MAS spectra are compared to those obtained from isotropic solutions. The variation of chemical shift anisotropy and of the principal components of the 31P chemical shift tensor determined from 31P powder NMR line shapes are discussed in terms of the relative importance of accepted valence bond resonance structures. The results indicate that the invariance of the isotropic chemical shift, delta iso, observed in previous 31P NMR investigations of phosphorus ylids in solution is due to fortuitous cancellation of opposing changes in the principal components, delta 11 and delta 33, of the 31P chemical shift tensor. The 31P dipolar NMR powder spectrum of a typical stabilized ylid, (C6H5)3(31)P-13CHC(O)OCH2CH3, is analyzed in order to obtain the orientation of the 31P chemical shift tensor with respect to the 31P-13C alpha dipolar vector.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1978

Phosphorus-containing pesticide breakdown products: quantitative utilization as phosphorus sources by bacteria.

Bacteria were isolated that could utilize representatives of the following ionic phosphorus-containing breakdown products of organophosphorus pesticides as sole phosphorus sources: dialkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphorothioates, dialkyl phosphorodithioates, alkyl arylphosphonates, alkyl arylphosphonothioates, and alkyl alkylphosphonates. Utilization of each organophosphorus compound, which was complete for 7 of 12 compounds studied, was confirmed by determination of protein yield from the amount of phosphorus source consumed. This is the first report of the utilization of an ionic dialkyl thiophosphate or dithiophosphate by microorganisms.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1976

Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread.

During a 20 day period of high fiber consumption in the form of bread made partly from wheaten wholemeal, two men developed negative balances of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus due to increased fecal excretion of each element. The fecal losses correlated closely with fecal dry matter and phosphorus. Fecal dry matter, in turn, was directly proportional to fecal fiber excretion. Balances of nitrogen remained positive. Mineral elements were well-utilized by the same subjects during a 20-day period of white bread consumption.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The effects of various dietary phosphorus levels on the circadian patterns of plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, total calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus in laying hens.

Six hundred and sixty 75-wk-old Hy-line W36 hens were allocated to one of three dietary levels of total phosphorus, .30, .60, or .90%. Birds were fed the diets for 3 days following which blood samples were collected at six different times, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 h postoviposition (POP), and analyzed for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2 D3], total calcium (TCa), ionized calcium (Ca++), percentage Ca++ to TCa (%Ca++/TCa), and phosphorus (P). Plasma TCa and P significantly (P less than .001 and .025, respectively) peaked at 10 to 14 h POP. The Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa significantly (P less than .001) decreased during eggshell formation and following completion of the shell (22 h POP) levels returned to resting concentrations. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 results confirmed the existence and time of a circadian rhythm in laying hens. Peak concentrations of the metabolite occurred at 10 to 14 h POP, which resulted in a quadratic relationship (P less than .001). Plasma P decreased with decreasing dietary P and plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased (P less than .025). Feeding low dietary P significantly (P less than .001) increased Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa. Results of feeding various levels of dietary P to laying hens indicate that low P stimulates an increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 as well as Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa, but high P actually suppressed this response.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Interactions of dietary cation-anion balance and phosphorus: effects on blood, bone and faecal phosphorus concentration in dairy calves.

Dietary levels of cations and anions are shown to have an effect on concentrations of phosphorus (P) in blood, bone and faeces of dairy calves between 9 and 19 weeks of age. Calves fed diets high in anions, demonstrated higher concentrations of P in blood and faeces than calves whose diets were high in cations, and at the same time demonstrated lower concentrations of P in bone. Compared to diets with high cation levels, diets high in anions produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher concentrations of total P in the faeces at different stages in the experiment, higher serum inorganic phosphorus (SiP) concentrations and lower P concentrations in the bone, which were significant at the end of the trial (P less than 0.06). When the diet was low in P (0.22%), the cation-anion balance of the diet seemed to have the greatest effect, so that the interaction of dietary P and dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) was responsible for changes in blood, bone and faeces.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

Unidirectional duodenal and jejunal calcium and phosphorus transport in the rat: effects of dietary phosphorus depletion, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Unidirectional calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) transport was studied in vitro by means of a modified Using technique in the absence of electrochemical gradients between the mucosal and serosal buffer medium. Duodenum and jejunum of male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated after Pi depletion alone (0.03% diet-Pi), Pi depletion and EHDP treatment (40 mg/kg per day s.c. X 4), and Pi depletion, EHDP and 1,25(OH)2D3 (500 pmol i.v. X 2) treatment. Mucosal-to-serosal Ca and Pi fluxes (Jms) changed in parallel, depending on the 1,25(OH)2D3-status of the animals. Regarding serosal-to-mucosal fluxes (Jsm), Pi depletion resulted in an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi, associated with a rise in Gt and Isc in the duodenum but not in the jejunum. EHDP administered to block synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 caused further augmentation in duodenal Jsm for calcium but not phosphorus, which was paralleled by an increase in Gt and Isc. After repletion with 1,25(OH)2D3, an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi and a rise in Gt and Isc were observed in the duodenum and in the jejunum. Serosal-to-mucosal fluxes for Ca and Pi were related to tissue conductance (Gt) in the duodenum (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.84; P less than 0.001, respectively), as well as in the jejunum (r = 0.55; P less than 0.01 and r = 0.66; P less than 0.001, respectively). Changes in Jsm also paralleled changes in transmural shortcircuit current (Isc). The data are compatible with the assumption of an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi and a rise in Gt, both reflecting an increase in water recycling across the tight junctions caused by a rise in sodium absorption. They provide further evidence that the overall effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on intestinal Ca and Pi transport is to increase both cell-mediated active mucosal-to-serosal transport and paracellular diffusional serosal-to-mucosal ion movement.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of dietary calcium, available phosphorus and vitamin D on growth rate, food utilisation, plasma and bone constituents and calcium and phosphorus retention of commercial broiler strains.

1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca), available phosphorus (AP) and vitamin D (D) on 5- to 16-day growth performance, and aspects of calcium and phosphorus (P) metabolism of chickens from three commercial strains were studied in two experiments. 2. Increasing dietary Ca reduced weight gain, tibia Ca and P content and increased plasma total Ca, Ca consumption and excretion, whilst dietary Ca at 32 g/kg increased tibia Ca:P ratio, plasma ionized calcium and reduced plasma P, tibia ash, P excretion, excreta moisture and Ca retention. 3. Increasing dietary AP reduced plasma total and ionized Ca and excreta moisture and increased P consumption and excretion, plasma P and tibia ash. 4. The addition of vitamin D increased plasma total and ionized Ca, tibia Ca:P ratio and reduced plasma sodium and P concentrations. 5. Strains differed in their tibia contents of Ca and Ca:P ratios, in response to Ca, AP and vitamin D diets whilst they differed in Ca excretion and excreta moisture caused by feeding either dietary Ca or AP. 6. It was concluded that dietary Ca, AP, vitamin D and strain of broiler chickens influenced the metabolism of Ca and P and that, as a consequence, the tolerance to high dietary Ca. A lean strain of chickens tolerated high dietary calcium better than its fat counterparts.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1991

The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 106, 1976: Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread.

Bread↗