SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Physical Endurance”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Metabolic effects of static physical load under the conditions of pharmakologicheskoĭ mobilization of physical endurance].

The model of static physical loading (SPL) was used to study the biochemical effects of graded static tension and potentiality for pharmacological mobilization of physical endurance with participation of male volunteers. A close pathogenetic linkage between the established metabolic effects of the model and their adaptive adequacy to the stressing factor show that there is every reason to arrange the observed shifts in a SPL syndrome. The SPL syndrome is primarily manifested by exaggerated tone of the adrenoactive structures, inhibition of insulin production by the pancreas, activation of the neuropeptide anti-stress mechanisms, predominant utilization of the lipid substrate in energy production, intensification of protein catabolism, and increase in myocyte membrane permeability due to energy deficit. The investigation demonstrated that improvement of static physical endurance can be attained with a mobilizing stimulator (sidnocarb) and a combination of sidnocarb with a nonmediatory preparation (bemytil). This pharmacological combination levels side-effects of exorbitant activation of the adrenal system. On the contrary, a metabolic vitamin-microelements complex ("cocktail C") perceivably enhances SPL endurance (sidnocarb dose was lowered in three times), possesses the stress-protective effect, the ability to moderate the intensity of free (uninvolved in phosphorylation) oxidation and to optimize energy-plastic processes with predominant utilization of the lipid substrate.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2006

Influence of intermittent anaerobic exercise on mouse physical endurance and antioxidant components.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intermittent anaerobic exercise on physical endurance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation of brain, heart, and skeletal muscles in mice. METHODS: Mice were made to perform intermittent (with short or long rest intervals) anaerobic swimming on six consecutive days. Body weight was monitored. Tissue total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) were determined on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day. Physical endurance was determined on day 7 by using an exhaustive swimming test and a static grasping test. RESULTS: The intermittent anaerobic exercise resulted in decreased growth rate and physical endurance capacity, as indicated by less weight gain and shorter time to exhaustion during the exhaustive swimming and static grasping test (p<0.05). It also led to a higher T-AOC in muscle, heart, and brain, higher SOD activity in muscle and heart, and higher TBARS content in muscle (p<0.05). This type of exercise had no effect on brain SOD and TBARS. The changes in T-AOC in brain, muscle, and heart were all more pronounced the longer the experiment continued (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intermittent anaerobic exercise reduced growth and physical endurance and increased tissue antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation.

Anaerobic Threshold↗

PubMed1988

Effects of physical endurance training on the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal man.

The effect of physical endurance training on the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was studied in 27 normal sedentary volunteers aged between 20 and 55 years, using a randomized two-period cross-over study design. After 4 months of training (2.5 h/week), peak oxygen uptake and physical working capacity at a heart rate of 130 beats/min were increased by 16% (P less than 0.01) and 29% (P less than 0.001) respectively, whereas resting heart rate was decreased by 15% (P less than 0.001). The plasma noradrenaline concentration and haematocrit were both decreased (P less than 0.01) after training. For the total group of subjects, the small decreases in plasma renin activity (PRA) and in the plasma concentrations of angiotensin-I, angiotensin-II and aldosterone were not statistically significant. However, the change in PRA during the training period was negatively correlated with the increase in physical working capacity (r = -0.49, P less than 0.01), suggesting that PRA decreased only in those subjects with the greatest increase in exercise capacity. Also, the change in plasma aldosterone during training was negatively related to the rise in physical working capacity (r = -0.57, P less than 0.01). Furthermore, the changes in plasma angiotensin-I (r = 0.75), angiotensin-II (r = 0.49) and aldosterone (r = 0.43) during the training period correlated positively with the change in PRA. It is concluded that physical endurance training, leading to a substantial gain of physical working capacity, suppresses the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal man.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Effect of endurance physical training on cardio-respiratory system reactive features (mechanisms of training load cumulation influence)

The results of a series of experiments carried out under heavy physical loads during the training of 96 elite cyclists, rowers and swimmers were based on the following: (1) complex analysis of dynamics of sensitivity, stability and speed of responses of cardio-respiratory system (CRS) to hypoxia, CO2-H+ ionic irritants; (2) neurogenic (working) response stimuli; (3) range of changes in ventilatory, circulatory and metabolic responses and their dynamic characteristics. It was demonstrated that sensitivity, stability and speed of responses to shifts in respiratory homeostasis changed during each physical load and in the process of training. The nature and the extent of changes are connected with the intensity of the load as well as its type and duration. After training, we observed changes in the sensitivity, stability and response speed of CRS to shifts in respiratory homeostasis; we also noted that the total reactivity changes revealed the same direction of change as the above mentioned CRS physiological reactivity parameters. It was also observed that the dynamics of reactivity changes to hypoxia, CO2-H+ irritants and neurogenic CRS response are connected to the dynamics of peak of CRS response to physical load and to its stability and response speed. These results indicate the existence of certain mechanisms which regulate the setting up of the functional capacity in athletes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2000

[Physical endurance in rats exposed prenatally to stress of exogenous glucocorticoids].

Gender- and age-related peculiarities of the influence of prenatal stress or exogenous glucocorticoids on physical endurance in rats were found in the experiments using fatigue test. Normal adult females were of greater endurance than males. Prenatal stress resulted in increased physical fatigue mainly in females while sexual differences were reversed. Hydrocortisone acetate administration to pregnant rats prevented sexual dimorphism in physical fatigue development in adult animals due to increase of physical endurance in males and its decrease in females. In aging rats disappearance of both sexual differences and prenatal stress effects took place against a background of fast physical fatigue development.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Atrial natriuretic peptide response to endurance physical training in the rat.

The effect of an endurance physical training programme on the plasma and atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and on renal glomerular ANP receptors was evaluated in male normotensive Wistar rats. Maximal O2 uptake was significantly greater in the endurance trained (117.1 ml O2.kg-1.min-1, SEM 6.18 versus the control rats 84.2 ml O2.kg-1.min-1, SEM 4.88, P less than 0.01. In addition, various muscle oxidative enzymes were also significantly higher in endurance trained animals. An increase in resting plasma [ANP] was observed after 11 weeks of physical training (40.02 pg.ml-1, SEM 7.07 vs 22.8 pg.ml-1, SEM 3.83, P less than 0.05). Glomerular ANP receptor density was lower in trained rats (272 fmol.mg-1 protein, SEM 3.1 vs 380 fmol.mg-1 protein, SEM 6.1, P less than 0.05), whereas atrial tissue [ANP] was not significantly different between controls and trained animals. However, in trained rats, circulating [ANP] was closely correlated with left atrial [ANP] (r = -0.92, P less than 0.05). Resting systolic blood pressure had not changed at the end of this physical training programme. It is considered that under physiological conditions ANP may be involved in long-term extracellular fluid volume homeostasis through the regulation of renal glomerular ANP receptors, and that the left atrium might play a significant role in this long term fluid volume control.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1988

[Positive cross-adaptation between endurance physical training and general cold tolerance to acute cold exposure in rats].

This investigation suggested that a series of endurance physical training in rats could cause an improved cold tolerance in rats. The warm-acclimated control group was kept in a thermally neutral environment (25 +/- 1 degrees C). The trained group was subjected to forced physical training on a treadmill, exercising once 1 hour daily, and five times per week for the periods of 3 to 13 weeks. The cold-acclimated group was exposed to an ambient temperature of 5.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 12 weeks. Improved endurance physical fitness was suggested by a cardiac hypertrophy. The positive correlation was shown between the amount or intensity of training and the enhanced thermogenesis to acute cold exposure. However, no effect of endurance training was observed on the metabolic responses to noradrenaline and adrenaline. It was inferred that the acute cold exposure caused greater utilization of blood glucose in the trained rats than in the warm controls, but did not FFA in the latter. The increases in oxygen consumption and colonic temperature were caused by hexamethonium injection during cold exposure in the trained rats, but not in the warm and cold-acclimated rats. The increased metabolic rate to acute cold exposure was improved by the prolonged physical training. The development of greater metabolic rate during acute cold exposure in the trained rats was indicated to be associated with increased noradrenaline and adrenaline-independent non-shivering thermogenesises as well as enhanced resting metabolic rate at 25 degrees C ambient temperature.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1983

[Adaptation of skeletal muscle fibers to endurance training, confinement or selection for body weight and physical endurance of laboratory mice].

By the help of histological methods the changes in skeletal muscle of laboratory mice, which had different levels of exercise during postweaning period (training, confinement) or had been selected for body weight and endurance fitness (Du-6+LB), were investigated. The animal groups with the better endurance fitness (Du-6+LB, trained) had a higher total number of muscle fibres. An increased aerobic capacity of metabolism for the trained and selected animals, a decreased one for the confined animals resulted, indicated by the composition of muscle fibre types of M. rectus femoris. The appearance of stress-induced pathological changes of muscle fibres was observed, with the highest extent in the confined group with decreased endurance fitness. Similar correlations between structure of muscle and fitness in domestic animals are to be expected.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1996

[Effect of 1-alpha blockader on maximal oxygen consumption and physical endurance in hypertensive men].

The effect of alpha 1 adrenoceptor blockade (doxazosin, 4 mg daily) on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and physical endurance capacity in 16 mildly hypertensive, athletic men was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-period of 4 weeks, cross-over study. The maximal work load obtained during graded bicycle ergometer exercise and the VO2 max were reduced by 16 +/- 3 W (mean +/- SE) and 3 +/- 1 ml x kg-1 x min-1 on doxazosin (p < 0.001 for both), and the running time on 5000 m track increased by 43 +/- 12 sec (p < 0.05). Thus, alpha 1-blockade moderately reduces VO2 max and physical endurance capacity in mildly hypertensive athletic men. However, lower systolic blood pressure (9 +/- 4 mm Hg, p < 0.05) immediately after running, and unchanged heart rate suggest a safer performance of exercise.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed2001

[Fat loading test: biochemical criteria and informative value of the physical endurance assessment].

Biochemical criteria of the fat loading test (FLT) were established and the search for interrelations between FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters of dynamic physical testing (bicycle ergometry) was conducted in the experiment with participation of male volunteers. Relative gain in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol concentrations in blood, atherogenicity factor and insulin decrease after 3-hr FLT and reduction in blood concentrations of total cholesterol, insulin, hydrocortisone and testosterone after 9-hr FLT were ranked as reliable criteria. Rise in blood glucose and decrease in blood insulin after 3-hr FLT, and decrease in serum testosterone after 9-hr FLT were found to have prognostic value. Correlation between the FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters as well as the package of regression analysis equations allow prediction for physical endurance. Yet, analysis of the correlation suggested that desensitization to insulin of the cell membrane cells should be a pathogenic mechanism of physical endurance decrement.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Physical endurance of the rat during multiple intensive exposures to a constant magnetic field].

Variations in physical endurance of rats exposed to a constant magnetic field of 1.6 T for 3 hours a day during 30 days were investigated. The parameter was measured as the time of swimming with a load making 10% of body weight until complete arrest. The rats exposed once, 5 or 15 times showed a longer time of swimming than the controls. On the 30th day of exposure there was no difference between the experimental and control animals. The data obtained suggest that exposure to a constant magnetic field produces a stimulating effect on physical work capacity during the first 15 days.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone on the physical endurance of animals and on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles].

The results of the comparative study on the myotropic activity of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone and their effects on physical endurance of animals suggested that ecdysterone possessing a wider spectrum of the anabolic action on the contractile proteins of the skeletal muscles exerts a more pronounced influence on physical endurance of animals without their preliminary training.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Physical endurance capacity, functional status and medical complications in spinal cord injured subjects with long-standing lesions.

Seventy two spinal cord injured subjects (63 males and 9 females) with long-standing lesions (mean 110 months, range 43-187) were admitted to the Sunnaas Hospital for routine examination (questionnaire, neurological status, radiography, urodynamics, blood specimen, and physical endurance capacity during armergometry). The subjects were divided into three groups with Low-(peak VO2 less than 15 ml/kg/min), Medium-(15 less than VO2 greater than 25) and High-(VO2 greater than 25) endurance capacity. The rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and osteoporotic leg bones, was significantly reduced with increasing oxygen uptake (p less than 0.05, X2 test). Differences in scores for ADL-independency (ADL = Activities of daily living) and ambulation on crutches with braces, were even more pronounced between the L, M and H groups (p less than 0.001). The same trends, although not always statistically significant, were also observed in a homogeneous group of paraplegic patients (n = 43, injury level below T6). The results emphasise the importance of regular physical endurance activities to patient well-being, because relatively high endurance capacity was found to be related to less frequent medical complications, and to a higher degree of ADL self-independency.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Endurance physical activity, diet and fibrinolysis.

The impact of long-term, heavy exercise on recently established cardiovascular/thromboembolic risk factors of the fibrinolytic system, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in relation to food composition was studied. Twenty healthy men, aged 18-55 years participated in a 14-day skiing tour through the Swedish mountains, carrying a pack load of 30 kg, and spending each night in self-dug igloos (ambient temp -10 degrees to -25 degrees C), and were randomized to 2 food regimens having 30 or 40 energy percent of fat. Individual records were kept of all consumed food. Citrated plasma was obtained before and after 1 and 2 weeks of exercise: tPA release was assessed by a 10 min venous occlusion (VO) test. At baseline, daily dietary fiber intake correlated negatively with PAI-1 activity. Already after the first week of the skiing tour there were significant drops in PAI-1 activities, cholesterol and triglycerides. The tPA mass concentrations also dropped, both before and after VO, but tPA activities were unchanged, as were von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels. These changes were related mainly to the expenditure of energy, calculated from the food consumption, and appeared to be mediated through changed insulin sensitivity and decreased body fat mass. The energy percent of fat in the food had no differential impact. The effects receded a few weeks after cessation of the endurance exercise. Thus, endurance physical activity improves the fibrinolytic risk factor profile by reducing PAI-1 while leaving tPA activity unaffected, independently of food composition. A low dietary fiber intake appears to be associated with higher PAI-1 activities at baseline.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

Relationship between mental toughness and physical endurance.

This study tested the criterion validity of the inventory, Mental Toughness 48, by assessing the correlation between mental toughness and physical endurance for 41 male undergraduate sports students. A significant correlation of .34 was found between scores for overall mental toughness and the time a relative weight could be held suspended. Results support the criterion-related validity of the Mental Toughness 48.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Spontaneous motor activity and physical endurance of rats during acute radiation sickness developing against a background of the use of a radioprotective agent].

Cystamine given to rats prior to irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy (LD77/30) ameliorates significantly the severity of radiation sickness and restores spontaneous motor activity by the time of clinical recovery. However, movements that require physical efforts as well as physical endurance remain decreased.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Hemodynamics before and after physical endurance training in patients with myocardial infarction under various physical and psychomotor stress tests.

This hemodynamic study was done in 23 post myocardial infarction patients. The peripheral and central hemodynamics were examined by repeated ergometer tests, heart volume estimations, and heart catheterizations under various provocative techniques such as dynamic bicycle ergometer load, static hand grip load, volume load, atrial pacing, and psychomotor stress. After a 5-week period of endurance training we found a marked and statistically significant increase (40%) of maximal work tolerance and a significant decrease (10%) in heart rate and atrial blood pressure at rest and on equal levels of work load. No significant influence was seen on central (pulmonary) pressure readings at rest or on equal levels of work load beside the higher venous oxygen extraction. These peripheral effects of physical training were seen for all provocative tests, and also for those which were not trained as static and volume load and psychomotor stress.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1996

A walking program for nursing home residents: effects on walk endurance, physical activity, mobility, and quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a 12-week walking program on walk endurance capacity, physical activity level, mobility, and quality of life in ambulatory nursing home residents who had been identified as having low physical activity levels and low walk endurance capacities. To determine the effects of 12 versus 22 weeks of walk training on walk endurance capacity, physical activity level, mobility, and quality of life in ambulatory nursing home residents. DESIGN: Experiment 1: Residents of one nursing home campus were assigned to the walking program, and residents of a second campus were assigned to the social visit control group. Outcome measures were taken before and after 12 weeks. Experiment 2: Pretest/posttest with outcome measures taken before and, again, after 12 and 22 weeks of walking. SETTING: Two campuses of the Jewish Homes for the Aging in the Los Angeles area. PARTICIPANTS: Experiment 1: Nineteen of 22 residents in the walking group completed the walking program, and 12 of 15 residents in the control group completed the study. Experiment 2: Thirty of 41 residents (from the two nursing homes) completed the 22-week walking program. INTERVENTION: Experiment 1: The walking program involved each resident walking with research staff at his/her self-selected walking pace, 5 days per week for 12 weeks, for a maximum of 30 minutes per day; while the control group had weekly individual social visits, which lasted 30 minutes, from a research assistant. Experiment 2: All residents, those in both the walking and the control group, were offered the opportunity to complete 22 weeks of walking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal walk endurance capacity, the resident's maximum walk time performed in a single day of walking (distance and speed also were measured); physical activity level based on time-sampled observations and physical activity monitors; mobility as measured with the Timed-Up-and-Go test, left handgrip strength, and Tinetti's Mobility Assessment; and quality of life as assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (a bodily pain scale) and the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Information Project (COOP) physical work chart. RESULTS: Experiment 1: The walking group significantly improved their maximal walk endurance time by 77% and distance by 92%, with no significant change in walk speed; however, the control group showed no significant changes in these variables. There were no significant group by time interactions on measures of physical activity, mobility, and quality of life. Experiment 2: No further significant changes were found from 12 to 22 weeks in walk endurance capacity, physical activity, mobility, or quality of life. CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of daily walking at a self-selected walking pace by ambulatory nursing home residents produced significant improvements in walk endurance capacity. No other significant changes were noted in physical activity level, mobility, or quality of life in either group after the intervention. Also, there were no side effects, such as increases in falls or cardiovascular complications, due to the walking intervention. Lengthening the walking program to 22 weeks produced no further significant changes in any outcome measures.

Activities of Daily Living↗