SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The cure of Trypanosoma equiperdum infected Mice obtained after treatment with an association of electromagnetic waves and a magnetic field is probably linked with the immune state of the host. A severe depression of the immune system suppresses the ability of the animals to eliminate the parasites after physical stimulation.
In the Clinical Department of Metabolic Studies of the National Research Institute of Mother and Child the attempt was made to stimulate physical development of S-F-D infants through introducing modifications in standard feeding in order to make up for the deficits of foetal age. In the years 1970-1975, 118 infants were under observation: 44 out of this group, in the Clinical Department, 70 in the Outpatient Clinic of Infant Nutrition disorders, 4 were observed both in the Clinical Department and in the Outpatient Clinic. The control group of 40 S-F-D- infants was observed in the Child Outpatient Department of Wola Borough of Warsaw. Foetal age of S-F-D infants underwent anthropometric measurements, psychological and neurological examinations. Investigations of haematological and biochemical indices were also carried out. Physical development of children in 4 (S,G,H,C) dietary groups was observed and compared with the control group. Initial diet differed from the standard diet, used at the National Research Institute of Mothers and Child, by excluding gluten and by replacing saccharose with glucose. In other diets (G, H and C) milk formulas with different quantitative and qualitative protein and fat content were enriched with unsaturated fatty acids. Longitudinal analysis included 61 infants from single pregnancies which were put on regular and sufficiently long (5-12 months) diet. Evaluation of physical development was based on the analysis of mean values, increments and rate of growth of body--length, body weight, arm, scapular and abdominal skin-fold thickness. These data are presented in Tables I-IX, variate curves of individual features in Figures 1-9. Somewhat higher developmental indices were observed in the group of infants fed enriched formulas with unsaturated fatty acids. Growth rate of skin-fold thickness in group S, was extremely intensive all the first year through and decreasing physiological tendencies were not observed in 4th trimester of life.
58 patients with various underlying neurological diseases, who had an impairment of attention, were examined. 12 patients without clinically evident disorders of attention were examined as a control group. The aim of the study was the development of a standardized procedure for the assessment of impaired attention. An additive, 4 step scale of the "susceptibility to stimulation" (Guttman scale) was constructed out of several, heterogeneous stimuli. In addition, an additive 4 step scale of "reactivity" was constructed out of a catalogue of defined reactions. The two scales permitted the assessment of reactivity and susceptibility to stimulation, the degree of which could be demonstrated as being proportional to one another. The transformation of susceptibility to stimulation into reactivity is thought to be performed by an internal system which is attributed to attention.
A monkey was trained to control the firing patterns of precentral pyramidal tract neurons. The operant task was for the monkey to produce consecutive interspike intervals (ISI) within a requisite range, or target. The mean time off-target (error) is used to quantify the accuracy of control the monkey could assert over each PTN. Following partial destruction of the dorsal funiculi the number of PTNs driven by peripheral stimuli greatly decreased. Those PTNs which remained responsive to peripheral stimuli were as accurately controlled as those tested before column section, whereas, those PTNs unresponsive to peripheral stimuli were significantly less accurately controlled. The conclusion is that the monkey relies heavily upon proprioceptive feedback to operantly control precentral PTNs.
Polygraphic recordings of EEG, EMG, EKG and respiration were made on three patients with histologically verified subacute spongiform encephalopathy and one patient with anoxic encephalopathy both before and after intravenous diazepam. The records showed cyclical activity occurring about every half minute in which the EEG changes were correlated with myoclonus and cardio-respiratory changes. It is suggested that these cycles represent spontaneous cycles of arousal to which the 1/sec sharp waves are related wnd which result from the same mechanisms that produce other cyclical autonomic phenomena.
During dreams evoked by stimuli of a certain duration, the EEF was studied in healthy subjects and in patients with implanted electrodes (EEG, ESCoG (electrosubcorticogram), unit activity). Estimation of the temporal structure of the dream was made from the verbal account of the subject. In the case of an unformed dream the duration of the dream was shown to be adequately estimated, the EEF and ESCoG patterns to be rather variable, and correlation between the bioelectric activities of different structures to be nearly absent. Apparently, in these cases, only some of the structures participate in the formation of dreams, which accounts for their unstructure, with no disorder of temporal and spatial relationships, is accompanied by certain orderly rhythms, similar EEG and ESCoG patterns, and a high correlation between bioelectric processes occurring in the structures under study. Dreams with a complex structure, with simultaneous action in different aspects and with major overestimation of their duration, are accompanied by polymorphous EEG and ESCoG patterns. Almost no correlation is observed between bioelectric processes in different structures. Apparently these dreams are associated with independent activities in different structures and, in the verbal account, the subject tends to place the events in a certain temporal order which creates the effect of considerable acceleration of the time flow.
1. Evoked responses to single visual stimuli (VEP) and driving by intermittent light stimulation (ILS) were recorded with macroelectrodes from the central white matter (centrum semiovale) of 12 Papio papio baboons. 2. Two types of VEP were identified: VEPs with constant morphology, localized in the long associative bundles connecting the occipital, temporal and frontal lobes; VEPs with variable morphology and without any preferential localization; these probably originate from other types of fibres also belonging to the centrum semi-ovale. 3. Concerning the long associative bundles which have been individualized, they might be the equivalent of the occipito-frontal and the superior and inferior longitudinal bundles well known in man. The fusion frequency observed in these bundles during ILS increases from the frontal to the occipital lobe, because of their involvement (particularly in the parieto-temporal region) with other fibres of the centrum semi-ovale also likely to be driven by ILS. The existence of driving by ILS in these bundles demonstrates an activation of the frontal lobe by visual impulses.
11 healthy children were repeatedly studied during 2 sleep cycles in 2 sessions at 2,6, 12 and 20 wk of life. Three acoustic stimuli, light and tactile stimulus were applied in a randomized order in intervals ranging randomly from 30 to 120 sec. Continuous polygraphic recordings were made of respiration, REMs, EEG and EMG of biceps and triceps brachii. The effect of stimuli on the length of paradoxical sleep, REMs and EMG was assessed. There were age-related changes in the number of REMs after stimuli. At 2 and 6 wk no stimulus elicited any change. At 12 wk the children responded with an increased number of rapid eye movements to acoustic stimuli, at 20 wk they responded to acoustic stimuli and light. The conclusion is that, as far as REMs are concerned, responsiveness during paradoxical sleep changes with age. There was a difference in the incidence of EOG responses and EMG responses. These findings show that it is not possible to assess responsiveness in infants during PS by one measure only.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bicarbonate stimulation of hepatic mitochondrial ATPase activity decreased in rats subjected to intense physical training and reached minimum values at the end of the third week. The stimulatory effect of bicarbonate on mitochondrial heart ATPase remained unaffected under equal conditions. ATPase stimulation by dinitrophenol and sensitivity to oligomycin, both in mitochondria from rat liver or heart, were not affected by physical training. Results suggest that stimulation by dinitrophenol and bicarbonate might be due to effects on separate sites of the enzyme.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive brain stimulation is a promising neuromodulatory intervention for chronic pain. This study aimed to determine the impact that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with individualized physical therapy (PT) has on pain and function in individuals with chronic knee pain. METHODS: This study was a preliminary pragmatic, triple-blinded, randomized, and sham-controlled clinical trial performed in an outpatient orthopedic physical therapy clinic. Participants participated in 5 sessions of active or sham tDCS followed by individualized PT intervention. Pain outcomes included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Movement-Evoked Pain, pressure pain thresholds (PPT), and the Central Sensitization Inventory. Functional outcomes included the 2-minute walk test, 5-time sit-to-stand test, quadriceps strength, knee range of motion, Patient Specific Functional Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. RESULTS: Thirty participants with chronic knee pain completed the study. There were no significant differences observed for primary patient-centered pain and functional outcomes. For secondary outcomes, the active tDCS group had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on percent change in lateral joint line PPT and a significant multivariate effect of group on PPT change scores for 3-site and 5-site clusters (p < 0.05). Exploratory responder analyses demonstrated that the active tDCS group was 12.8 times more likely to achieve the minimum detectable change in quadriceps strength improvement compared with the sham tDCS group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: There were no significant between-group differences for primary pain and functional outcomes. However, the active tDCS group showed improvements in pain sensitivity, as measured by PPT, and quadriceps strength, which were superior to those seen in the sham tDCS group. These preliminary findings provide insight into possible mechanisms of tDCS in addressing pain as opposed to efficacy. Given that there were no clear between-group differences in patient-centered outcomes, there is insufficient evidence for routine tDCS use for chronic knee pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06132412.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Mechanical alternans of various degrees is produced by rapid heart rates, slower rates in failing hearts and can be brought about by a single extra systole. It has also been shown that the two ventricles may exhibit different degrees of mechanical alternation. The present study was planned to clarify the possible mechanism inducing this latter phenomenon. For this reason myocardial tension was recorded simultaneously from the two ventricles as well as through a miniature strain gage capable of measuring electrogram and myocardial tension of a small area -- just adjacent to a stimulating electrode. The heart was driven at a steady heart rate through one electrode and very late premature beats were applied at various coupling times at another site through an electrode attached to the miniature strain gage. It was found that the degree of mechanical alternans is markedly different at the sites of measurements in either ventricle. These changes could be related to the time interval elapsed between the application of the electrical stimulus and the occurrence of the mechanical response.
Comparison of the grades of 60 sensitive muscle spindle terminals on two actions: gradual stretch of the muscle and short intensive tetanization of the muscle nerve, showed that, irrespective of the mode of action, the character of adaptation remains the smae in majority of units. The speed of receptors adaptation depends not on the specific of testing precedures, but, apparently, on the means of connection of the sensitive terminals with different types of intrafusal muscle fibers with different elasticviscous properties. The possible reason for speedy adaptation of muscle receptors of elementary dynamic type, is discussed.
In two series of experiments on 25 anesthetized deefferented cats methods of quick identification of muscle spindles were used. The first method was based on the postcontractory sensory discharge in a muscle spindle after brief strong electrical stimulation of the muscle nerve. In another approach the concentric electrodes inserted into the muscle were used. If the intrafusal muscle fibers were selectively contracted by direct electrical stimulation the sensory discharge appeared without any increase in the total muscle tension. It seems that these methods enable to identify the unit under study more precisely in comparison with conduction velocity measurements, as the group I and II afferents are sometimes present in muscle nerve from joint and deep tissues.
The level and course of attention was measured hourly in 9 drug intoxicated patients after a suicide attempt over periods which varied between 12 and 72 hrs. Attention was measured by the use of two additive 5 step scales for susceptibility to stimulation and reactivity, which were developed by the authors in earlier investigations and proven to be very reliable. Although, the original data set of attention measures was different among the patients, some common features could be elaborated: 1. The level of attention varies very little within 1 hr. Differences greater than one step on the scales were rarely observed between two measurements. 2. The mean course of recovery from attention deficit is linear throughout the scales while the variance is substantial at each step of the scales. For quantification of attention deficit a measure was defined which gives the relation between the actual deficit and full attention. Since the correlation between both scales is high over the whole observation period, it was concluded that the intoxication alters the level but not the structure of attention.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.