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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

[Evaluation of tolerance of prolonged physical work as a function of the degree of endurance. I. Useflness of various tests determining physical endurance and the physiological cost of long-term physical exertion].

The physical capacity was determined in 23 men (aged from 19 to 27) using the following set of tests: Astrand and Ryhming's test, PWC170, PWC130, LPI, Crampton's test. The 70 min effort on the bicycle ergometer was considered as the model of prolonged work and the following parameters were accepted as standards of physiological cost of work; oxygen consumption, mechanical efficiency, heart rate during the work, stroke volume and cardiac output as well as the sum of systoles during recovery. The results of the correlation analysis point out that, at a given work intensity. the heart rate depends on results of PWC170 test and the systoles sum during recovery on the results of Crampton's tests. The capacity determined with used tests had no effect on the remaining indices of the cost of physical work.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular computer. Biological physics and physics of the real world].

Any mind (man or computer) using Physical laws is a part of physical world, and thus it is necessary to correct physical laws for taking into account influence of the work of real limited computer on the predicted result. If we suppose that univerce was constructed to be supreme regular for mind, then this correction is negligible and on principle there is possibility to calculate relation between fundamental physical and biophysical constants. Two main principle are proposed: 1. The principle of minimum action and uncontrole influence of mind. 2. The maximum asymmetry of elementary particles, which are allowed by first principle. The first principle requires the upper and the lower limits for all physical values, and first of all the upper limit for velocity (c) and the lower limit for action (h). The second principle allows to construct the minimal physical elements for mind.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1978

A comparison of physical efficiency between Indian physical education and medical students.

The recovery pulse and respiration were analysed to determine the level of physical fitness among the physical education and medical students of Banaras Hindu University. The analysis of the data suggested that physical fitness as measured by recovery rate was better in physical education students than in medical students. Following questionnaire method, it has been noted that the daily activity of physical education students was more than the medical students and probably the reason for higher efficiency in them.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Physical education for spina bifida children in special schools for the physically handicapped (primary school)].

With a rate of 0.5-1/1,000 of the total number of births in West Germany, spina bifida is next to cerebral paresis one of the most frequent congenital defects. Altogether, fifty places in special schools are needed per one million of inhabitants for spina bifida children. The loss of physical unctions is comparable to that in the case of paraplegia. The variety of medical and psychological problems makes the cooperation of highly different branches of study indispensible in a rehabilitation team (neurosurgeon, neuropediatrician, urologist, orthopaedist, pediatrician, educator, social worker, physical therapist). Each team member must be informed about the complete rehabilitation plan. These children's shortage of environmental experience is mainly due to their backwardness as regards motoric development, which cannot be recovered by means of individual physical therapy alone. On the other hand, additional, specifically selected and organised physical education makes possible the necessary mobility and social experiences. By giving the children exercises suitable for their ages it is hoped to achieve a late maturation and stabilization of the personality. In choosing the exercises it is first of all necessary to go back to the so-called fundamental activities like climbing, hanging by one's hands, sliding, pushing oneself up off the ground, swinging or throwing and catching, before going on to wheel-chair sports. Wheel-chair sport promises a varied selection for group exercises (games) and for everyday use. Using the wheel-chair as sports equipment, it is possible for persons with other types of locomotive handicaps to be integrated into the group. For physical education in special schools the pupils whould be arranged into groups according to their ability in order to keep the groups as homogenous and the children's chances as equal as possible. The most important teaching criteria are in this case: the creation of a happy atmosphere, a high degree of clarity, the fulfilment of individual inclinations, the encouragement of independence, the development of community life and the fulfilment of everyday tasks. In swimming, the spina bifida child differs from the normal child in his greater initial fear and in the existence of contractions, a scoliosis, hyperlordosis or -kyphosis due to the resultant instability of the water. Because of this, specifically oriented swim- and work-aids must be used. The didactic procedure is then the same as in the case of normal children. After the child's familiarity with and safety in the water is assured, one can proceed to individual swimming techniques and in a few cases to sport swimming. Bacteriological examination of the water did not yield any results which could cause objection on the grounds of hygiene.

Child↗

PubMed1977

The use of pedometer and actometer in studying daily physical activity in man. Part II: validity of pedometer and actometer measuring the daily physical activity.

The validity of the pedometer and actometer for estimating the daily physical activity was evaluated by means of an observation study. The physical activity in a classroom of 11 pupils of a kindergarten was assessed by means of a pedometer, actometer and by observation. Besides this an activity questionnaire was completed by the infant-quide. On basis of the individual observation it is clear that the infant-guide can give valuable information about the activity of the children at school. The results of the pedometer attached to the waist and the actometers attached to the ankle were significantly correlated with the results of the observation method. The wrist actometer showed a smaller but still significant correlation with the other variables. Implications of this findings are discussed in regard toward the physical activity. The pedometer results point out that when the percentage of intense activity is high the pedometer tends to underestimate the level of activity. The actometer results indicate that such a motion recorder gives a reliable estimation of activity in children. The findings are discussed in terms of the practical applications of the actometer in the research of daily physical activity and the physical rehabilitation treatment of certain diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2026

Virtual reality physical education and adolescents' exercise interest and physical fitness: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods randomized trial with exploratory pathway analysis.

Traditional physical education (PE) faces declining student interest and limited fitness gains. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive, gamified experiences, but evidence regarding its effectiveness and explanatory pathways remains limited. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods randomized trial assigned 360 adolescents (aged 13-16) from three middle schools to either VR-supported PE (n = 180) or conventional PE (n = 180) for 12 weeks, with a 4-week follow-up. Outcomes included exercise interest (validated scale), physical fitness (coordination via MABC-2, cardiorespiratory endurance via the 20-m shuttle run, explosive power via the standing long jump, and speed via the 10-m sprint), and accelerometer-measured physical activity. The qualitative component involved 38 unique students: 32 completed individual semi-structured interviews, and six additional students participated only in focus groups. Three-level linear mixed-effects models and exploratory structural equation modeling were used. The VR group showed significantly greater improvements in exercise interest (d = 0.78), coordination (d = 0.62), cardiorespiratory endurance (d = 0.55), and speed (d = 0.48) than the control group (all p < 0.001), but not in explosive power (d = 0.12, p = 0.148). Effects were partially retained at follow-up (interest d = 0.65, coordination d = 0.48, endurance d = 0.42, and speed d = 0.30), a pattern not fully consistent with a purely novelty-driven explanation. Exploratory mediation identified exercise interest as a statistically compatible explanatory pathway (indirect effect = 0.34, 95% CI [0.22, 0.46]), although the timing of measurement precludes causal interpretation. Qualitative findings contextualized these results by highlighting immersion, feedback, self-efficacy, and perceived transfer. VR-supported PE may enhance adolescents' exercise interest and selected fitness dimensions, but its limited effect on explosive power and possible novelty contribution indicate that it should complement, rather than replace, conventional PE. Longer-term studies are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

The effect of a four-month physical fitness program on a young and an old group matched for physical fitness.

A young (X = 36.8 years) and an old (X = 52.9 years) group (n = 12) matched for physical fitness performed a graded exercise test at the beginning and after a 4-month physical fitness program consisting of calisthenics, jogging, and recreational activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were any differences in response to physical training in the two age groups of similar fitness. Sixteen physiological and four biochemical variables were measured. There was no significant difference in VO2 max between the young and old groups. Also, there were no significant differences between groups for serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose levels. The effects of the training program were similar for both the young and old groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Effects of physical training and cardiorespiratory physical fitness on exercise-heat tolerance: recent observations.

Most authors agree that physical training in a cool environment improves tolerance to exercise in the heat and the rate of heat acclimatization, but the extent or degree of improvement remains controversial. The best improvement in heat tolerance for men is associated with intensive interval or continuous training at a training intensity greater than 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) for 8-12 weeks; the Vo2max should be increased 15-20%. Far less is known about the appropriate type, intensity and duration of endurance training associated with improved exercise-heat tolerance in women. The major benefits of physical training appear to apply to both short term (less than 2 hrs) or long term (greater than 2 hrs) exercise-heat exposures for men. Generally, individuals with high Vo2max values (previously trained and endurance athletes) are at an advantage in the heat. Utilization of proper physical training appears to produce about 50% of the total adjustment resulting from heat acclimatization, while increased fitness is associated with greater retention of acclimatization in cool environments. Female athletes appear somewhat better able to tolerate exercise in hot environments than nonathletic females while differences between highly trained females and males do not appear as dramatic as once thought.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1975

Biological age and habitual physical activity in relation to physical fitness in 12- and 13-year-old schoolboys.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between biological age, habitual physical activity and anthropometrical and physiological characteristics in 12- and 13-year-old schoolboys (n = 70). METHODS: At the beginning and the end of the school year 1971/2 biological age was determined by measuring skeletal age from left hand X-ray photographs. Habitual physical activity was determined by questionnaire interview and pedometers. RESULTS: All anthropometrical characteristics showed significant correlations (P less than 0.05) with skeletal age except for bicipital and tricipital skinfolds. Out of 9 physical fitness tests handgrip was the only test that showed a significant correlation (0.52) with skeletal age. Pedometer scores gave significant negative correlations (P less than 0.05) with anthropometrical characteristics except for tricipital skinfold. The fitness tests bent arm hang, 12 min run walk, sit and reach and W-170 showed significant correlations (P less than 0.05) with pedometer scores.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1976

Changes in muscle fibre size and physical performance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after short-term physical training.

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis of moderate severity were given 6 weeks' intense physical training. During the investigation period the patients improved their physical performance capacity as well as their rate of perceived exertion. There was an increase in the muscle fibre size, of type I and type II, most pronounced in the latter fibre group. No 'flare-up' of the arthritis could be seen during the training period. Comments are made as to which patients might benefit by a short-term physical training.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Teaching physical evaluation and physical diagnosis in a hospital setting.

The inclusion of physical evaluation as a predoctoral course emphasizes the physical and emotional needs of the patient to the dental student. The dental graduate who enters a general practice residency program will have better preparation for his hospital training and he will have more time to develop diagnostic skills if his predoctoral training includes physical evaluation.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1976

Changes in muscle fibre size and physical performance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after 7 months physical training.

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis of moderate severity were given 7 months' physical training. During the investigation period the patiens improved their physical performance capacity as well as they lowered their rate of perceived exertion during submaximum exercise. There was a small increase in muscle fibre size and a correlation was found between muscle strength and type II fibre size. Clinical examination and X-ray studies did not reveal any further joint destruction during the investigation period.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Physical model evaluation of topical prodrug delivery-simultaneous transport and bioconversion of vidarabine-5'-valerate I: Physical model development.

A physical model approach to the topical delivery of a vidarabine ester prodrug was investigated. It involved modeling, theoretical simulations, experimental method development for factoring and quantifying parameters, and, finally, employment of the deduced parameters to determine the steady-state species fluxes and concentration profiles in the target tissue. The present report describes the physical modeling and theoretical simulation aspects. The physical model for the simultaneous transport and bioconversion of a topically delivered prodrug was formulated assuming homogeneous enzyme distributions and constant diffusivities in the membrane. The mathematical problem was solved, and the solution yielded concentration profiles and fluxes of all species in the biomembrane. These results provided the prevailing levels of the prodrug, the drug, and the metabolite at the target site and the transport rates of all species into the bloodstream. Computations of concentration profiles and fluxes were carried out for a reasonable range of the parameters. The relative activities of the esterase and the deaminase enzymes, as well as the stratum corneum permeabilities, were important in influencing the concentration profiles and fluxes of all species.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1976

Attitudes towards health and physical activity in the elderly. Effects of a physical training program.

Attitudes towards physical activity, perceived health, body image, anxiety and life satisfaction have been studied in men and women 60 years of age and older, volunteering for progressive endurance training. Relative to other studies of younger volunteers, the senior citizens placed more value upon activity as "an esthetic experience" and as "a means to health and fitness" showing less interest in "the pursuit of vertigo." Many non-participants and "drop-outs" perceived their current fitness as satisfactory. Subjects who selected a low frequency and low intensity of training were obese, with high Cornell Medical Index (CMI) scores on both organic and psychological scales. After 14 weeks of conditioning, 83% of subjects reported improvements in well-being. However, CMI scores were reduced on only one of twelve organic scales and none of the behavior, mood and feeling scales. Neugarten's Life Satisfaction Index, Kenyon's Body Image scales, and McPherson's the Real Me scores remained unchanged, but there was a decrease of Manifest Anxiety (Taylor scale) and a greater regard of physical activity as "the relief of tension." When subjects were classed according to changes in aerobic power, between group differences were found for "Real Me" scores and for three of Kenyon's attitude scales. Persons who trained frequently and intensively showed improvements for body image and for five of Kenyon's attitude scales.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

[Effects of post-infarct physical training on physical fitness and cardio-circulatory adaptation to effort].

In fifteen patients recovering from a myocardial infarction dating of at least three months, examined at rest or during a submaximal exercise, various circulatory (cardiac rate, blood pressure, cardiac output...) and ventricular parameters (oxygen consumption, ventilation per minute) both before and after a program of physical training for a period of six to eight weeks. The benefit of readaptation was judged on the increased work capacity (VO2max increase of 24.6%) and the improvement of cardio-circulatory adaptation during a submaximal exercise: reduction of the cardiac rate by 11%, of Katz's index by 12.6%, of the cardiac output by 5.8% and of the left ventricular work by 8.8%. This cardiac thrift at the origin of the increase of physical aptitude is essentially due to a better peripheral circulation adaptation to exercise, as indicated by the increased oxygen arterio-ventout difference by 11.4%.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of psychologically informed physical therapy, tendon-specific exercise program and routine physical therapy in prolonged unilateral shoulder pain and symptom correlations with imaging: a single-center, randomized, parallel-group, three-arm study (RESPECT).

BACKGROUND: Shoulder complaints are one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments. Patient-specific characteristics such as obesity, depression and physical labor are established risk factors, whereas imaging findings are common and associations between specific imaging findings and symptomatology is limited. General exercises are considered useful in treatment whereas evidence for specific tendon exercises is lacking. Biopsychosocial model is also recommended, but has not been extensively studied concerning shoulder symptoms. This article describes the study protocol designed to evaluate the effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of routine and specific physical therapy (PT) interventions. Imaging is performed for descriptive, longitudinal and imaging-symptom correlation studies. METHODS: The Rehabilitation of Shoulder Pain: Evaluation and Clinical Trial (RESPECT) is a randomized three-arm parallel-group study involving 300 participants aged 20 to 60 years with prolonged unilateral shoulder pain. Participants will receive either routine PT, physiotherapist-guided tendon-specific exercise program or psychologically informed PT. Bilateral shoulder radiographs, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging will be done at the baseline and at 12 and 36 months. Electronic surveys will be completed at the baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months. The primary outcome will be patient-specific functional scale (PSFS) at 12 months, analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for baseline PSFS. DISCUSSION: RESPECT will provide systematic and controlled data regarding different PT interventions in prolonged shoulder symptoms, which is currently limited. Being one of the most common sources of musculoskeletal pain, improved management could reduce symptom-related burden and prolonged functional impairment at individual and population level. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Registration number NCT07235969; Registered November 18th, 2025; Version: 1.0.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Changes in physical capacity, heart size and function in patients after myocardial infarction, who underwent a 4-to 6-week physical training program.

From findings in 1,200 coronary patients after myocardial infarction, it was shown that a stationary course of treatment in a rehabilitation center, where a gradually intensifying, individually adapted physical training program is administered, can lead to statistically highly significant improvements in the functional efficiency of the heart, as well as in physical capacity, in a short period of 4-6 weeks. It should be stressed that these positive effects can be demonstrated in the early stages of rehabilitation from infarction, that is, directly following discharge from the hospital, in the same way as in a late course of treatment of the repeated therapy; it is also important to point out that similar favorable results were obtained for older groups as for younger ones under all parameters, within the same time. A 6-week training period is more effective than a 4-week one.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1976

Attitudes towards health and physical activity in the elderly. Effects of a physical training program.

Attitudes towards physical activity, perceived health, body image, anxiety and life satisfaction have been studied in men and women 60 years of age and older, volunteering for progressive endurance training. Relative to other studies of younger volunteers, the senior citizens placed more value upon activity as "an esthetic experience" and as "a means to health and fitness" showing less interest in "the pursuit of vertigo." Many non-participants and "drop-outs" perceived their current fitness as satisfactory. Subjects who selected a low frequency and low intensity of training were obese, with high Cornell Medical Index (CMI) scores on both organic and psychological scales. After 14 weeks of conditioning, 83% of subjects reported improvements in well-being. However, CMI scores were reduced on only one of twelve organic scales and none of the behavior, mood and feeling scales. Neugarten's Life Satisfaction Index, Kenyon's Body Image scales, and McPherson's the Real Me scores remained unchanged, but there was a decrease of Manifest Anxiety (Taylor scale) and a greater regard for physical activity as "the relief of tension." When subjects were classed according to changes in aerobic power, between group differences were found for "Real Me" scores and for three of Kenyon's attitude scales. Persons who trained frequently and intensively showed improvements for body image and for five of Kenyon's attitude scales.

Adult↗