[Studies on the constituents of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. II. Sterol and bases of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach].
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Pinellia↗
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[Studies on the ingredients of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. III. Steryl glucoside of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach].
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Glucosides↗
[Effects of different amount of ginger juice on prepared products of Rhizoma Pinelliae].
Rhizoma Pinelliae were diged in Ginger juice of different propertion, the total alkaloid contents of these products were all higher than the raw Rhizoma Pinelliae, and related to the actions of anti-tumous cell. The contents of beta-sitosterol of these products were related to the amount of Ginger juice which is added in Pinelliae Rhizoma, but only the content of beta-sitosterol of the Pinelliae product which is prepared by same amount of Ginger juice was slight higher than the raw Rhizoma Pinelliae. The stimulations of five kinds of products on mice have no obvious relation to the amounts of Ginger juice which were added in Rhizoma Pinelliae, but the stimulation of the Pinellia product which was prepared by same amount of Ginger juice was the lowest of all products on mice. Dependent on above experiment results, we suggest that Rhizoma Pinelliae processed by Ginger juice should be prepared by same amount of Ginger juice with Rhizoma Pinelliae.
Alkaloids↗
[Effect of ginger-processing on the contents of guanosine in Pinelliae rhizoma (banxia)].
OBJECTIVE: To compare the guanosine contents in various products of Pinellia Rhizoma processed by different amounts of ginger and alum. METHOD: Using the technology of HPLC. RESULT: The guanosine contents in the two products of Pinellia Rhizoma processed in line with the pharmacopoeial method and orthogonal method respectively are very close to each other and change every little as compared with raw Pinellia Rhizoma. But the contents in the products of Pinelliae Rhizoma processed in other ways (digged in alum solution or in ginger Juice decocted with ginger juice, etc.) are much less than those of raw Pinellia Rhizoma. CONCLUSION: There are no obvious differences in guanosine contents between Pinellia Rhizoma processed by orthogonal technology and Pinellia Rhizoma processed by pharmacopoeial method. Processing technology has considerable influence on the water soluble components of Pinellia Phizoma.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Effect of ginger-processing on l-ephedrine contents in rhizoma Pinelliae].
The contents of l-ephedrine in Rhizoma Pinelliae have been determined to be approximately 3.44 x 10(-3). The contents vary with the five different processing methods in the following order, Pinellia boiled with ginger juice and alum > raw Pinellia > Pinellia dipped in ginger juice > Pinellia boiled only with ginger juice > Pinellia dipped in alum solution. The alum solution and the Pinellia boiled only with ginger juice bear most strongly on the l-ephedrine contents of Pinellia.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Effect of Rhizoma pinelliae on vomiting in minks].
OBJECTIVE: To study emetic and anti-emetic effects of Rhizoma pinelliae in minks. METHOD: The emetic effect of raw pinellia 2 g kg(-1) (i.g.) was investigated. Three preparations of Rhizoma pinelliae (processed with ginger) were made by ethanol extraction, water extraction and water decoction respectively and their effects on emesis model induced by cisplatin (7.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or apomorphine (1.6 mg kg(-1), s.c.) were then studied; the effect of the decoction of ginger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae on rotation-induced emesis model in minks was also observed. RESULT: The emesis was induced by raw pinellia in minks (P < 0.01); ginger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae, metoclopramide and ondansetron significantly inhibit the emesis induced by cisplatin and apomorphine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ginger-processed Rhizoma pinelliae exhibits a anti-emetic effect in minks, which may be mediated by inhibiting the function of the vomiting center in central nervous system.
Animals↗
A new enzyme immunoassay for a solid Chinese crude drug, pinellia tuber.
A new immunoassay for a solid Chinese crude drug was studied. An antiserum specific for Pinellia tuber was elicited in two rabbits. Using the antiserum and powdered Pinellia tuber-coated microtiter plate as the immunological reagents, and beta-D-galactosidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the tracer, a new enzyme immunoassay for a solid Pinellia tuber with a working range between 0.1 and 1000 micrograms/ml was developed. The assay was specific for a solid Pinellia tuber and showed low cross-reaction values on other Chinese crude drugs and the extract of Pinellia tuber. The specificity of the assay was compared with the selected antibody enzyme immunoassay (SAEIA) for the extract of Pinellia tuber recently developed. Both methods utilized the same immunological reagents such as the serum and the enzyme-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, and the only difference between them was the solid-phase antigen used. The assay results of several antigens determined by them were quite different, showing that selective measurements of different antigens, either solid or the extract of Pinellia tuber, were possible using the same antiserum, when the tracing reaction in the immunoassay was adequately selected.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
Determination of the site of origin of Pinellia ternata roots based on RAPD analysis and PCR-RFLP.
Analyses of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were performed in an effort to distinguish between two different origins of Pinellia ternata. To determine whether the origin of Pinellia ternata is in China or Korea. RAPD analysis was carried out using ten 20-mer random primers. Although the coefficients of similarity between the DNA of Chinese and Korean accessions of Pinellia ternata were high, distinguishable band patterns were observed in the reaction performed using primer numbers 3, 6 and 10. Primer 3 produced one (410 bp) and primer 6 produced four (410 bp, 350 bp, 300 bp, 250 bp) Chinese Pinellia-specific fragments. Primer 10 produced one (900 bp) Korean Pinellia rhizome-specific fragment. In addition, using PCR-RFLP analysis, different fingerprints were obtained from Korean and Chinese Pinellia ternata respectively. These results suggest that the analyses with RAPD and PCR-RFLP can be used to authenticate the relevant Chinese and Korean herbal medicines.
China↗
[The comparison of component contents and pharmacological actions between two kinds of processed products of Pinellia rhizoma prepared by ginger juice and alum].
OBJECTIVE: To compare the component contents in Pinellia Rhizoma processed with ginger separately on orthogonal technology and pharmaceutical technology stipulated in pharmacopoeia, and study the action of the two differently processed products on animals. METHOD: Using gravimetric method and acid dye colorimetry to determine the total alkaloids, et al. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The experiment has shown that the contents of total alkaloids of product of Pinellia Rhizoma processed by orthogonal technology are higher than those processed by pharmaceutical technology, but the contents of digged substances of the latter are higher than those of the former, and the toxicity of decoction of the latter is also higher than that of the former. Compared with raw Pinellia Rhizoma, the two products of Pinellia Rhizoma prepared by different technologies all have shown promoting action on PGE2 contents and activity of gastric proteinase in rat gastric juice. The experimental results also have shown that on the above mentioned items. There are no obvious differences between the product of Pinellia Rhizoma processed by orthogonal technology and the product processed by pharmaceutical technology. However, the component contents of raw Pinellia Rhizoma are lower than those of the above mentioned two processed products and help inhibit PGE2 contents and activity of gastric proteinase in rat gastric juice.
Alkaloids↗
A virus related to soybean mosaic virus from Pinellia ternata in China and its comparison with local soybean SMV isolates.
A potyvirus isolated from Pinellia ternata in China was characterised and shown to be related to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). The virus was pathogenic on P. ternata and some soybean cultivars, whereas the local soybean SMV isolate HH5 did not infect P. ternata. Western blot experiments demonstrated a serological relationship between the virus from Pinellia, SMV and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). The complete nucleotide sequences of the Pinellia virus (isolate P-1, 9735 nt) and of the Chinese soybean SMV isolates HH5 (9585 nt) and HZ (9588 nt) were determined. A 1733 nt sequence at the 3'-terminus of a second isolate from Pinellia (isolate P-2) was also determined. The predicted polyprotein of isolate P-1 has 83% amino acid (aa) identity with those of published SMV sequences. In many parts of the genome, aa identity was about 90% but it was much lower in the P1 protein region (24-29%), where it more closely resembled Dasheen mosaic virus (62%). The partial sequence of isolate P-2 had 91% nt identity to P-1 and both isolates resembled a recent sequence in the public databases (AF469171) wrongly named Zantedeschia mosaic virus. The two complete SMV soybean sequences had 93-95% nt identity with those of the previously sequenced isolates and >97% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic analysis and comparisons of coat proteins suggest that the Pinellia, WMV and SMV potyviruses should probably be treated as strains of the same species.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Studies on stimulating components of raw Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) (banxia)].
OBJECTIVE: To study the stimulating components of raw Pinellia ternata (Banxia). METHODS: Used the methods of extracting with various organic solvents; x-ray fluorescence spectrometer; scanning electron microanalyzer; oxidation and reduction titrations; and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Experiments showed that calcium oxalate hydrate (C2CaO4 x H2O) was one of the stimulating components of raw Pinellia ternata, and its shape, and contents related to the stimulation of raw Pinellia ternata. After processing, the shape and contents of calcium oxalate changed, decreased respectively, and the stimulation of Pinellia ternata decreased. CONCLUSION: The needle crystal of calcium oxalate is one of the stimulating components in raw Pinellia ternata.
Animals↗
[The experiment research of ginger detoxification to Rhizoma Pinelliae].
The experiment results have shown that Ginger can abate the stimulation of Phizoma Pinelliae on abdominal cavity of mice, reduce the torsion incidence rate of mice because of pain which is resulted to i.p. powder suspension of raw Rhizoma pinelliae. We also observed that Ginger can obviously inhibit the increase of capillary permeatility of abdominal cavity of mice, reduce the PGE2 content of inflammatory foot tissue of mice which is due to inject juice of fresh Pinellia Rhizoma. In addition, Ginger can increase the PGE2 content of mice gastric solution, antegonise the decrease of PGE2 content which is come from administration of raw Pinellia Rhizoma and protect the gastric mucous. Above mentioned results suggested that Ginger have detoxification in vivo. to toxin of Pinellia Rhizoma.
Abdominal Cavity↗
Effect of oral administration of Pinellia ternata, Zingiberis rhizoma and their mixture on the efferent activity of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve in the rat.
The effect of taste stimulation of Pinellia temata, Zingiberis rhizoma and their mixture on the efferent activity of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve was observed in the anesthetized rat. Taste stimulation by Pinellia ternata (50 mg/ml, 10 min) resulted in a suppression in vagal gastric nerve activity. On the contrary, stimulation by Zingiberis rhizoma (50 mg/ml, 10 min) caused a facilitation in efferent activity. The mixture of Pinellia ternata and Zingiberis rhizoma (5:1, 50 mg/ml, 10 min stimulation) demonstrated no suppressive effect on gastric nerve activity. These observations indicate that it is reasonable to prescribe Pinellia ternata with Zingiberis rhizoma in traditional Japanese medicine to prevent suppressive effect of the taste of Pinellia ternata on gastric function.
Administration, Oral↗
[The effect of Pinellia processed by ginger juice on gastric and intestinal function of animals].
The experimental research has shown that neither pinellia processed by ginger juice and alum nor pinellia boiled by ginger juice have any marked influence on the secretion of PGE2 in rat gastric juice, or on the activity of gastric proteinase in rats. Both the processed products of pinellia can obviously inhibit the gastric and intestinal motility in mice. Raw pinellia can strongly inhibit the secretion of PGE2, gastric acidity and gastric proteinase in rats, but acts not so heavily on their gastric secretion and appears rather harmful to the gastric mucosa in rats. Raw pinellia can also obviously accelerate the gastric and intestinal motility in rats.
Animals↗
[The effect of stimulation and toxicity of rhizoma Pinelliae processed by ginger juice on animals].
Rhizoma Pinelliae boiled with ginger juice has less stimulation and toxicity on animals, which is similar to Rhizoma Pinelliae processed by alum solution. The effect of Rhizoma Pinelliae that has been immersed in ginger juice is not as good as that of the ginger-boiled. It was also observed that the stimulation of raw Rhizoma Pinelliae on mice could be reduced when the mice was given fresh or boiled ginger juice. The Rhizoma Pinelliae processed by ginger juice and alum has very little toxicity on mice.
Animals↗
[Effect of ginger-processing on beta-sitosterol and total alkaloid contents in Rhizoma Pinelliae].
The contents of beta-sitosterol of five processed products of Rhizoma Pinelliae we were determined by TLC. The result showed that the lowest content of beta-sitosterol was found in Rhizoma Pinelliae boiled with ginger juice (0.0180%), and the highest in raw Phizoma Panelliae (0.0572%). The contents of total alkaloid of five processed products of Phizoma Pinelliae were also determined by gravimetry and spectrophotometry with acid dye. The result showed that the highest content of total alkaloid was obtained in Rhizoma Pinelliae boiled with ginger juice and alum, and the lowest in Rhizoma Pinelliae boiled with ginger juice.
Alkaloids↗
[Clustered shoot induction and rapid propagation on Pinellia ternate].
OBJECT: To establish the rapid propagation system of Pinellia ternate. METHOD: The Clustered shoots were induced by the explant lamina and petiole from the terminal bud of Pinellia ternate tuber in test tube. RESULT: The plantlets could regenerate from the lamina and petiole directly without via the callus. The MS Medium with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was optimal for the induction of culstered shoots from explants of lamina; the MS with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.25 mg/L NAA was best for the explants of petiole; and the 1/2 MS with 1.0 mg/L KT and 2.0 mg/L NAA was the better medium for induction of roots. CONCLUSION: The regenerated rate of Pinellia ternata can improve by inducing the clustered shoots from the explants of lamina and petiole directly.
Culture Media↗
Treatment of reflux laryngopharyngitis with modified banxia xiexin tang (Pinellia decoction for draining the heart)--a report of 40 cases.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of modified banxia xiexin tang ([Chinese characters: see text] Pinellia Decoction for Draining the Heart) in treatment of laryngopharyngitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Forty patients in the treatment group were treated with modified Pinellia Decoction for Draining the Heart and 38 patients in the control group were treated with Jinsang Liyan Wan ([Chinese characters: see text] Pills for a Good Voice by Relieving Sore-Throat). The effects were evaluated by the improvement in symptoms and the parameters obtained in a grading system of gastroscopy and laryngoscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The comparison of therapeutic effects on complication of laryngopharyngitis, GERD symptoms, and findings in gastroscope grading and laryngoscope (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) demonstrated that the modified Pinellia Decoction for Draining the Heart was much more effective in treating laryngopahryngitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux.
Adult↗