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PubMed2026

What health are we talking about? Biodiversity as the missing link between One Health and Planetary Health.

Health has become a central term in global sustainability policy, yet it is often used without sufficient conceptual precision. Public health, global health, One Health, EcoHealth, GeoHealth, and Planetary Health each emphasize different dimensions of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. In policy contexts, however, these distinctions are frequently blurred. We argue that biodiversity is often treated as an environmental co-benefit rather than as a foundational determinant of health. This weakens the implementation of One Health approaches because biodiversity underpins disease regulation, immune system development, food and water security, ecosystem functioning, resilience, and climate adaptation. At the same time, biodiversity provides a critical link between One Health and broader Planetary Health challenges, including global environmental change and the transgression of planetary boundaries. Future health and sustainability policies should move beyond generic references to health and explicitly recognize biodiversity as part of preventive health systems.

Biodiversity↗

PubMed2026

Tree Killer, Qu'est-ce Que C'est? Insights From Forest Pathogen Genomes.

Forests are central to planetary health but are increasingly challenged by emerging diseases driven by climate change, global trade, and anthropogenic disturbance. Despite the apparent resilience of long-lived, genetically diverse tree hosts, forest ecosystems have repeatedly experienced landscape-level pathogen-driven transformations. Advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and functional biology have transformed our understanding of how fungal and oomycete pathogens interact with their hosts across a continuum of lifestyles, from saprotrophy and necrotrophy to biotrophy. Here, we synthesize insights from comparative and population genomics and functional studies across diverse forest pathosystems to examine the traits that characterize successful tree pathogens. We highlight how lifestyle plasticity, adaptations to woody tissues, vector-mediated transmission, and biotrophic stealth enable pathogens to colonize perennial hosts and persist over long temporal scales. We further examine how genome plasticity, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer generate adaptive potential that often outpaces host evolutionary responses under current environmental change. Finally, we discuss emerging genomic tools, including biosurveillance, machine learning-based classification, and genome editing, that are beginning to link genotype to phenotype and inform assessments of disease risk. By integrating genomic, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives, this review outlines general principles governing forest pathogen success and identifies priorities for future research aimed at improving understanding, early detection, and management of forest diseases in a changing world.

Trees↗

PubMed2026

Microbial diversity: the essential foundation for life on our planet.

The biological basis of life on Earth is microbial diversity that ensures human health, agricultural productivity, ecological balance, and ecosystem functioning. Microorganisms enable ecosystem restoration through bioremediation, maintain soil fertility, support plant growth, manage vital biogeochemical cycles, and contribute to climate resilience. Precision probiotics, postbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized microbiome medicine are the examples of emerging microbiome-based therapies that offer promising therapeutic opportunities. In humans, the gut microbial community is essential for immune regulation, metabolism, and disease prevention. In terrestrial ecological systems, interactions between plants, fungi, bacteria, and other soil microorganisms improve carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and sustainable agricultural productivity in the given effects of climate change. Emerging uses in agriculture, environmental restoration, and medicine are made possible by advancements in multi-omic techniques, synthetic microbial genomes, microbiome engineering, and artificial intelligence. Considering these developments, issues with ecological complexity, long-term validation, standardization, and field scale application still exist. Therefore, preserving microbial diversity is important for conserving ecological resilience and strengthening the One Health framework, which highlights the mutual dependance of health of animal, human, plant, and environment. This review summarizes what has been discovered about ecological and biomedical relevance of microbiome, identifies important research gaps, highlighting emerging technologies, and evaluates potential future directions for using microbiome to support planetary sustainability.

Bioremediation↗

PubMed2026

Sustainable dietary recommendations for the Spanish population.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlights the urgent need for a profound transformation in food production and consumption to enhance both sustainability and human health. The aim of this study is to provide both the general population and food system stakeholders with the most comprehensive and current information available on healthy and sustainable dietary patterns, in the form of culturally adapted food-based guidelines. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the scientific evidence published since 2019 on the association between main food groups consumption and the risk of developing chronic diseases and premature mortality to update the information provided by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, which summarized previous evidence. With this information, we updated the servings recommended in the former dietary guidelines for Spain. Then, we considered the recommendations of the EAT-Lancet Commission for healthy diets within planetary boundaries, specific dietary habits and food production in Spain, and adjusted the servings per each group to consider these characteristics. RESULTS: A minimum intake of 5 servings of vegetables and fruits per day is recommended, which may be distributed in at least 3 servings of vegetables per day, and 2-3 servings of fruits per day. Cereal consumption is set at 3-6 servings per day, adjusted to individual energy needs and prioritizing whole grains, no more than 4 servings per day are advised in cases of caloric restriction. Plant-based foods are recommended as the primary protein source, with legumes incorporated into at least one main daily meal and consumed at a frequency of at least 4 servings per week, ideally up to daily. Nut consumption should reach at least 3 servings per week, up to one serving per day, choosing those without added salt, fats or sugar. The remaining protein portions may include fish (≥3 servings/week, prioritizing oily fish and low-impact species), eggs (up to 4/week), dairy (up to 3/day, with low-sugar and low-salt options), and meat (up to 3/week, emphasizing poultry and rabbit, and minimizing processed meats). Daily consumption of olive oil at main meals is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed Sustainable Dietary Recommendations can help improve the health and well-being of the Spanish population, while reducing the environmental impact.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Logan: Planetary-Scale Genome Assembly Surveys Life's Diversity.

The breadth of life's diversity is unfathomable, but public nucleic acid sequencing data offers a window into the dispersion and evolution of genetic diversity across Earth. However the rapid growth and accumulation of sequence data have outpaced efficient analysis capabilities. The largest collection of freely available sequencing data is the Sequence Read Archive (SRA), comprising 27.3 million datasets or 5 × 1016 basepairs. To realize the potential of the SRA, we constructed Logan, a massive sequence assembly transforming short reads into long contigs and compressing the data over 100-fold, enabling highly efficient petabase-scale analysis. We created Logan-Search, a k-mer index of Logan for free planetary-scale sequence search, returning matches in minutes. We used Logan contigs to identify >200 million plastic-degrading enzyme homologs, and validate novel enzymes with catalytic activities exceeding current reference standards. Further, we vastly expand the known diversity of proteins (30-fold over UniRef50), plasmids (22-fold over PLSDB), P4 satellites (4.5-fold), and the recently described Obelisk RNA elements (3.7-fold). Logan also enables ecological and biomedical data mining, such as global tracking of antimicrobial resistance genes and the characterization of viral reactivation across millions of human BioSamples. By transforming the SRA, Logan democratizes access to the world's public genetic data and opens frontiers in biotechnology, molecular ecology, and global health.

Journal Article↗