PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Plant Development”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Molecular genetic approaches to plant development.

Higher plant morphogenesis has received renewed interest over the past few years. The improvement of molecular genetic approaches to generate tagged developmental mutants, for instance by T-DNA insertion, facilitated the isolation and characterization of the altered genes. Here we present recent progress on flower and root morphogenesis in the small crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana. The current model of Arabidopsis flower development is presented. We report on FLOWER1 (Fl1), which is a T-DNA-tagged ap2 allele. Our observations indicate that this Fl1 mutant has, besides the homeotic Ap2 phenotype, an aberrant seed coat, suggesting that this gene has also a function late in flower development. Furthermore, we present a brief summary about root development and focus on the super root (Sur) mutant, which is an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant that produces excess lateral roots. Root explants of the Sur mutant, that do not develop further than the 4-leaf stage, can be induced to produce normal-looking shoots and flowers by addition of only cytokinin to the medium. The phenotype of Sur and its relation to the action of phytohormones is discussed.

Morphogenesis↗
PubMed2026

Emerging regulatory roles of small metabolites in plant development and adaptation.

Once viewed mainly as metabolic intermediates, small metabolites are increasingly recognized as spatially and temporally regulated signals that coordinate plant development and adaptation. Understanding these metabolite-based regulatory processes could reveal new strategies to improve crop resilience, productivity, and sustainability under changing environmental conditions.

MSI↗
PubMed1992

Roles for the extracellular matrix in plant development and pollination: a special case of cell movement in plants.

Pattern formation in plants is now thought to be primarily dependent on positional information during development. We discuss the prevalent theories on how position is deciphered by cells in an organism and highlight the recent advances implicating molecules of the cell wall or extracellular matrix (ECM) in this process. We compare the functions of the ECM in plants and animals and describe the various cell and substrate adhesion molecules of the animal ECM which play a role in morphogenesis and cell movement. We propose that analogous molecules may occur in plants and provide evidence for the presence of a substrate adhesion molecule like vitronectin in plants and algae. We provide a model for how substrate adhesion molecules may be involved in a special case of cell movement in plants, pollination.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

TRB proteins in moss reveal their evolutionarily conserved roles in plant development and telomere maintenance.

Telomere repeat binding (TRB) proteins are plant-specific proteins with a unique domain structure distinct from telomerebinding proteins in animals and yeast. While extensively studied in seed plants, their role in early-diverging plant lineages remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate TRB proteins in a model moss, Physcomitrium patens, to assess their evolutionary conservation and functional significance. Functional analysis using single knockout mutants revealed that individual PpTRB genes are essential for normal development, with mutants exhibiting defects in the two-dimensional (protonemal) stage, and more prominently, in the formation of three-dimensional (gametophore) structures. Some double mutants displayed telomere shortening, a phenotype also observed in TRB-deficient seed plants, indicating a conserved role for TRBs in telomere maintenance. Transcriptome profiling of TRB mutants revealed altered expression of genes associated with transcriptional regulation and stimulus response in protonema. Subcellular localization studies across various plant cell types confirmed that PpTRBs, like their seed plant counterparts, localize prevalently to the plant nucleus and mutually interact. In bryophytes, TRBs form a monophyletic group that mirrors the species phylogeny, whereas in seed plants, TRBs have diversified into two distinct monophyletic groups. Our findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of TRB proteins in non-vascular plants and demonstrate their conserved roles in telomere maintenance, with additional implications for plant development and gene regulation across land plant lineages.

Bryopsida↗
PubMed1992

Unraveling the knots in plant development.

Homeobox genes, first discovered from studies of homeotic mutations in Drosophila, have recently been found in plants. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes thus join the ranks of other animal transcription factors that have plant developmental counterparts, suggesting that even though plant and animal development are very different, regulatory mechanisms that direct development may be shared among all higher eukaryotes. The role of homeobox genes in plants remains elusive; nonetheless, gain-of-function mutations of one homeobox gene, Knotted, profoundly affect development. The phenotype suggests that ectopic expression of Knotted in leaves causes cells to take on alternative fates.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Multi-omics analysis of ubiquitin E2 genes in Setaria: evidence for the roles of E2 genes in various aspects of plant development, stress tolerance, and domestication.

Ubiquitin E2 enzymes (E2s) are critical mediators in the ubiquitination cascade, a post-translational modification process that regulates protein stability, activity, localization, and degradation. Here, we analyzed the E2 gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica), integrating comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and functional studies. A total of 52 E2 genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies (UBC, UEV, SCE, and RCE) based on phylogenetic analysis across 49 species. Notably, foxtail millet exhibited significant gene expansion. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed distinct roles of E2 genes in growth and development. Haplotype and quantitative trait loci analyses demonstrated that several E2 genes, including SiUBC39, are associated with key agronomic traits, such as plant height, flowering time, and stress tolerance. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated the functional role of SiUBC39, finding that its disruption led to phenotypes resembling wild species (Setaria viridis), such as early flowering and reduced plant height and grain yield. IP-MS and transcriptome analysis revealed SiUBC39's involvement in growth and development regulation, drought stress response, and immune response. SiPIP2;1 and SiEhd2 were identified as interactors of SiUBC39, explaining its roles in blast resistance and flowering time control. Furthermore, domestication analysis identified an A/G mutation in the SiUBC39 promoter TATA box, distinguishing domesticated and wild haplotypes and highlighting its role in domestication selection. This study underscores the essential roles of E2 genes in regulating crop agronomic traits and stress responses, providing valuable insights for genetic improvement in foxtail millet and other cereals.

Setaria Plant↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nitrogen fixing activity of pea nodule bacteria during different phases of host plant development].

The activity of nitrogenase in nodules of pea plants and the rate of diurnal nitrogen fixation were studied at different phases of the plant growth using the acetylene and isotope techniques. At the same time, the morphology of nodule bacteria was studied by electron and phase-contrast microscopy. About 90% of the bacteria in nodules were found in the form of bacteroids from the early phase of the plant growth (budding) to ripening when gemmated arthrospores could be observed on some bacteroids. The highest activity of nitrogenase and nitrogen fixation was detected at the reproductive stage of growth. Therefore, in order to obtain more active strains of pea nodule bacteria, they should be isolated from nodules at this stage of plant growth.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1992

Spatial pattern of cdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development.

The p34 protein kinase encoded by the cdc2 gene is a key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle required for the G1- to S-phase transition and entry into mitosis. To study the regulation of plant meristem activity and cell proliferation, we have examined the tissue-specific accumulation of cdc2 transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crucifer radish (Raphanus sativus) by in situ hybridization using A. thaliana cdc2 cDNA sequences as a probe. cdc2 transcripts accumulated in leaf primordia and within the vegetative shoot apical meristem. During flower development, high levels of expression were observed in meristems, in the basal regions of developing organs, in the developing vasculature, and associated with rib meristems elaborated late in the development of some floral organs. In root tips, cdc2 transcripts accumulated in the meristematic region and adjacent daughter cells but were not detected in the quiescent center. There was strong hybridization throughout the pericycle, and a further localized accumulation of cdc2 transcripts was observed in the initial stages of the activation of a new meristem at sites of lateral root development. We conclude that cdc2 expression is a critical factor in the regulation of meristem activity and establishment of proliferative competence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 12. Sequence analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) cDNA clones and appearance of PAL transcripts in elicitor-treated cell cultures and developing plants.

An expression library containing cDNAs derived from transcripts from fungal elicitor-treated alfalfa cell suspension cultures was screened with an antiserum raised against phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from alfalfa. A single immunoreactive clone was isolated which encoded a full-length PAL cDNA (APAL1) consisting of a 2175 bp open reading frame, 96 bp 5'-untranslated leader and 128 bp 3'-non-coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence was 86.5% similar to that of the PAL2 gene of bean, and encoded a polypeptide of Mr 78,865. A second PAL cDNA species was isolated, whose 3'-untranslated region was 86% identical to that of APAL1. Southern blot analysis indicated that PAL is encoded by a small multigene family in alfalfa. PAL transcript levels were rapidly and massively induced, and preceded increased PAL extractable activity, on exposure of alfalfa suspension cells to elicitor from baker's yeast. PAL transcripts were most abundant in roots, stems and petioles during growth and development of alfalfa seedlings. These studies provide the basis for an examination of the developmental and environmental control of a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid synthesis in a plant species which is readily amenable to stable genetic transformation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

Papaver bracteatum Lindley: thebaine content in relation to plant development.

Four thebaine-rich varieties of P. bracteatum have been grown in the open over two seasons and the thebaine distribution in aerial parts examined to determine the most suitable source material for commercial production. The leaves contained only 0-1 to 0-15%; the capsules 0-5 to 3-0% and the bled latex 28 to 53%. The maximum for the latter occurred about 3-4 weeks after petal opening and during the day, at about 15,00 h. A product 'bractium' prepared exactly as opium from P. somniferum contained up to 55% thebaine and calculations from the 1974 results gave theoretical yields up to 58 k of thebaine per hectare. However this is a very labour intensive method; furthermore bled latex only represents about 46% of the total thebaine of the capsule. In addition the pedicels contain significant amounts of thebaine, so that fruiting tops may be recommended as source material. In the capsule the thebaine content reaches a peak 3 to 4 weeks after petal opening and again two weeks later. At this fully ripe stage there is a theoretical yield of 50 kg per hectare. Two further advantages accrue from collection at this time: the ripe seeds can probably be used for similar purposes as poppy seed; and the pericarps at this stage contain no 'bound thebaine' (i;e., thebaine insoluble in MeOH; NH4OH but soluble in acetic acid--in unripe capsules bound thebaine represents 18 to 36% of the total thebaine). There is some evidence that, as this perennial plant increases in age, the capacity for thebaine production seems to continue increasing. Storage of raw material, even in ideal conditions, led to a loss of thebaine of 12 to 20% in one year.

Papaver↗