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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Thermogenic effects of commercially available plant preparations aimed at treating human obesity.

Different commercially available plant preparations have been claimed to have anti-obesity action. We investigated the acute effects of oral administration of 12 of these preparations in non-obese women and men. No significant increase in energy expenditure (EE) has been noted after treatment with any of these preparations. No change in respiratory quotient (RQ) was shown, except after treatment with maté (Ilex paraguariensis) extract, where a drop in RQ was observed, indicating a rise in the proportion of fat oxidized. The results suggested the poor potential of these plant preparations in the treatment of obesity, except possibly for the maté extract. Further studies are required to explore the influence of higher dosages of these preparations as well as chronic administration in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

An evaluation procedure for flocculation of coal preparation plant tailings.

In solid-liquid separation of coal preparation plant tailings by flocculation, in addition to the type and amount of flocculants, the composition of waste materials including clay minerals must be determined in order to devise an effective and economic sedimentation system. In this study, the characterization of organic and inorganic impurities was made with the help of mineralogical data and instrumental analysis techniques. The effects of polymer type (medium and low anionic, cationic and nonionic), polymer dosage and suspension pH on flocculation mechanism of tailings particles (-0.18 mm) in the Tunçbilek Coal Preparation Plant tailings of Tunçbilek (Turkey) were investigated. Medium anionic polymer accelerated the settling rate of particles. An optimum settling rate (300 mm/min) was reached at a dosage rate of 34.19 g/ton-solids (2.0 mg/l), 51.28 g/ton-solids (3.0 mg/l), 102.56 g/ton-solids (6.0 mg/l) and 119.66 g/ton-solids (7.0mg/l) for medium anionic, low charged anionic, nonionic and cationic polymers, respectively. The lowest turbidity values at low polymer dosages were obtained by the cationic polymer at around 25.64 g/ton-solids (1.5 mg/l) polymer dosages; however, the low anionic and nonionic polymers produced lower turbidity values at higher dosages (>25.64 g/ton-solids). At optimum dosages of the polymer, the settling rate decreased at low and high pHs indicating that the natural pH (pH 8.3) of the suspension is the most appropriate pH for the settling rate. On the other hand, the water clarity values at natural pHs were high for all of the polymers.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2002

An LC/DAD-UV/MS method for the rapid detection of aristolochic acid in plant preparations.

A new method using direct on-line coupling between HPLC and UV-DAD/MS was developed for the rapid detection of aristolochic acid I in plant preparations. The use of both UV-DAD and MS detectors enables this method to be very selective. A ng range detection limit was determined for both UV and MS detections. A quantitative determination of aristolochic acid I in plant preparations was achieved using UV and MS detection. A thin layer chromatography assay was also developed for the preliminary detection of aristolochic acid I in complex mixtures.

Aristolochia↗
PubMed1986

An enzymic method of preparing plant chromosomes for in situ hybridization.

A method of preparing chromosomes from plant root tips for in situ hybridization with tritiated DNA is described. The technique relies on the enzymic hydrolysis of plant cell walls with a pectinase-cellulase mixture. It is shown that, despite the enzymic mixture possessing nuclease activity, there is no detectable degradation of DNA within fixed root tips. To demonstrate the suitability of this method of preparing plant chromosomes for in situ hybridization, a cloned repetitive DNA sequence has been hybridized to Allium sativum chromosomes. Chromosomes prepared using this technique also can be readily C-banded.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1997

Antiinfective activity of a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A methanol extract (PC) has been obtained from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. The antiinfective activity of the plant preparation was studied. The extract inhibited the reproduction of a range of viruses (influenza, herpes simplex, vaccinia, HIV-I) in cell cultures. Its antiinfluenza effect was most pronounced; PC reduced the infectivity of various influenza virus strains in vitro and protected mice in experimental influenza infection. The polyphenol extract inhibited the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Nitrosation of Nigerian medicinal plant preparations under 'chemical' and 'simulated' gastric conditions.

Preparations of some tropical plants of medicinal importance, collected from the savannah vegetational belt of Nigeria, were nitrosated and analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines formed under chemical and simulated gastric conditions. N-Nitrosamines were determined on a Thermal Energy Analyser following gas chromatographic separation. Mean concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the range of 7 to 58 ppb and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in the range of 23 to 26 ppb were formed in 31 and 7%, respectively, of the preparations using artificial gastric juice (simulated gastric condition). Under chemically optimal conditions, relatively high levels of NDMA (72-2008 ppb), NDEA (23-1528 ppb) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (20-405 ppb) were formed in 100, 75 and 32% of the preparations, respectively; N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine were formed in fewer preparations. These findings suggest that the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds from precursors present in medicinal plants might be another source of human exposure to environmental carcinogens in Nigeria and other developing countries.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1996

Two case reports of neurological disease in coal mine preparation plant workers.

Of 60 cases of neurotoxicity related to occupational exposures of workers at plants producing acrylamide monomers, cases involving neurotoxicity related to jobs using polymers with acrylamide monomer contamination have not been widely reported. In 1992, two patients were referred to the Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Community Health, Marshall University School of Medicine, in Huntington, West Virginia for evaluation. The patients had worked in different coal preparation plants in southern West Virginia for over 10 years and had exposure to an acrylamide polymer flocculent contaminated with acrylamide monomer. Both patients had no instruction on proper use of, or the dangers of, acrylamide and were not given adequate safety equipment. Patient A developed Parkinsonism and Patient B peripheral neuropathies with a neurogenic bladder. These two case reports highlight the need to reemphasize the basic tenets of occupational health and safety. Many chemicals are being introduced into mining operations and awareness of potential toxic exposures and new diseases not previously reported in the mining industry must become part of the surveillance system by mine management and labor safety committees. Further studies on the extent of acrylamide neurotoxicity in the mining industry is encouraged.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed2005

Ethnoveterinary plant preparations as livestock dewormers: practices, popular beliefs, pitfalls and prospects for the future.

Ethnomedicine is an integral part of traditional medical practices in many countries of the developing world. A large proportion of the population uses this form of treatment for primary health care and for the treatment of ailments in their livestock. Livestock is a major asset for resource-poor smallholder farmers and pastoralists throughout the world and internal parasites are recognized by these communities as having an impact on livestock health. Parasitic infections are among those infections that traditional healers confidently treat and against which an enormous variety of remedies exist. Many of these are based on the use of plant preparations. Although various methods have been used for the validation of traditional phytomedical preparations, there is a lack of standardization of these procedures. The present study is aimed at providing an overview of ethnoveterinary deworming preparations, the various methods that have been used in their validation and the future prospects for their use against helminth parasites of ruminant livestock in developing countries, with an emphasis on nematode parasites. Recommendations are made on the procedures that should be followed to conduct in vivo and in vitro assays. Fostering better interaction between traditional healers and scientists is advocated to prevent harmful overexploitation, both of local knowledge and of plant species that may have effects against nematode parasites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations].

The hepatoprotector activity of original compositions of plant origin, containing beet and carrot juices, decoction of dog rose fruits, and extracts of corn silk, peppermint leaves, and common horsetail herbs was studied on an acute hepatitis model induced by tetrachloromethane. An analysis of the data on the hepatocyte cytolysis, cholestasis, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system of blood serum showed that the preparations possess membranoprotector and antioxidant properties. This was manifested by a decrease in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and in the levels of total bilirubin and the final (malonaldehyde) and intermediate (diene conjugates) lipid peroxidation products, and by the absence of decline in the level of endogenous alpha-tocopherol and in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Techniques of preparing plant material for chromatographic separation and analysis.

This paper discusses preparation techniques of samples of plant material for chromatographic analysis. Individual steps of the procedures used in sample preparation, including sample collection from the environment or from tissue cultures, drying, comminution, homogenization, leaching, extraction, distillation and condensation, analyte enrichment, and obtaining the final extracts for chromatographic analysis are discussed. The techniques most often used for isolation of analytes from homogenized plant material, i.e., Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic solvent extraction (sonication), accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical-fluid extraction, steam distillation, as well as membrane processes are emphasized. Sorptive methods of sample enrichment and removal of interferences, i.e., solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase micro-extraction are also discussed.

Chromatography↗