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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hypercalcemia associated with neuroblastoma.

We studied two children with neuroblastoma in whom hypercalcemia developed as the initial manifestation in one and during the course of therapy in the other. Serum parathyroid hormone activity was elevated in the patient in whom the test for it was performed. Mithramycin controlled the hypercalcemia in one patient and tumor resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy was sufficient for control of this complication in the other.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

The chemotherapy of urologic cancer.

A review of the status of evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in the urologic malignancies reveals a largely neglected area of investigation. Except for testicular carcinomas, which are highly responsive to drug therapy, active agents have not been clearly established for the other urogenital tumor sites. Published information and data on file in the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute are reviewed, and studies currently in progress are outlined. Adequate clinical testing of the standard antitumor agents that are active against other human malignancies should receive high priority in future therapeutic trials in urologic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Cardiomyopathy after widely separated courses of adriamycin exacerbated by actinomycin-D and mithramycin.

A 22-year-old man with a synovial cell sarcoma attained an excellent response to therapy with adriamycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyltriazeno imidazole carboxamide (NSC-45388). Therapy was discontinued at a cumulative dose of adriamycin of 600 mg/m2. Relapse occurred 13 1/2 months later, and therapy with adriamycin was restarted. Because of tumor progression, therapy was discontinued after a cumulative dose of adriamycin of 120 mg/m2. Ten weeks later, severe congestive heart failure developed which ultimately caused the patient's death. Exacerbations of the heart failure were temporally related to the administration of the antitumor antibiotics actinomycin-D (NSC-3053) and mithramycin (NSC-24559). Electron microscopic examination of the heart revealed changes characteristic of adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Thus, even after a long hiatus, it may not be safe to exceed the recommended maximum cumulative dose level of adriamycin. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of adriamycin cardiomyopathy are reviewed, and the possible synergistic effect of other antitumor antibiotics is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acquired platelet dysfunction following mithramycin therapy.

The administration of mithramycin to patients with testicular tumors has been accompanied by a hemorrhagic diasthesis, often in the absence of thrombocytopenia. Bleeding time, platelet aggregation, platelet adenine nucleotide levels, and coagulation factor assays were studied in three patients receiving mithramycin for embryonal testicular carcinomas. These studies demonstrated a drug dependent, reversible hemorrhagic diathesis associated with (1) prolongation of bleeding time, (2) decreased platelet aggregation responses to ADP, collagen, and epinephrine, and (3) depleted platelet stores of ADP in the absence of thrombocytopenia. These abnormalities were temporally correlated with the onset of mucocutaneous bleeding in all patients.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Long term effectiveness of low dose mithramycin for Paget's disease of bone.

Nineteen patients with Paget's disease of bone were studied 7 months to 5 years after therapy with mithramycin in a dose averaging 11.5 microgram/kg body weight daily for 10 days. Thirteen patients, including 3 with the longest followup intervals, remained free of pain. Objective measures of disease activity (serum alkaline phosphatase level and 99mtechnetium pyrophosphate bone scan) were less favorable. There was no evidence of long term toxicity.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Microfluorometric analysis of cellular DNA following incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cellular DNA has a differential effect on the cell-associated fluorescence of several DNA-specific dyes. After cells were treated with BrdU, flow microfluorometry was used to study the relative increase or decrease influorescence of stained cells. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into CHO cells increased the fluorescence of mithramycin-, olivomycin-, or chromomycin-stained cells, decreased that of propidium iodide-stained cells, and had little, if any, effect on the fluorescence of acriflavine Feulgen-stained cells. Changes in relative fluorescence of cell associated dyes are due to changes in the amounts of dye bound to cells with BrdU-substituted DNA. Colorimetric and absorbance measurement of DNA content showed that BrdU does not alter the diploid DNA content of CHO cells; however, BrdU induces perturbations in the distribution of cells about the cell cycle which cause an increase in average DNA content.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1976

The valve of chemotherapy in the treatment of testicular dysembryoplastic tumors.

Chemotherapy appears to be of help in treating dysembryoplastic testicular tumors. It seems better to treat first by surgery (lymphadenectomy) if possible, then (a) if no nodes are involved or only one has been discovered by microscope examination, with chemotherapy for one year; or (b) if two or more nodes are involved, with irradiation of the nodes and chemotherapy. Even if lymphadenectomy is not possible, one course of chemotherapy followed by cobalt and more chemotherapy can bring results in some cases.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1976

Reverse fluorescent chromosome banding with chromomycin and DAPI.

Two DNA binding guanine-specific antibiotics, chromomycin A3 (CMA) and the closely related mithramycin (MM), were used as chromosome fluorescent dyes. Root-tip metaphase chromosomes of three plant species and human metaphase chromosomes were sequentially stained with CMA or MM and the DNA binding AT-specific fluorochrome 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In some cases a non-fluorescent counterstain was used as contrasting agent: methyl green in conjunction with CMA, and actinomycin D (AMD) in combination with DAPI.--In all three plant species, Vicia faba, Scilla siberica, and Ornithogalum caudatum, the nucleolus organiser regions and/or associated heterochromatin displayed very bright fluorescence with CMA and MM and, in general, heterochromatic segments (C-bands) which were bright with CMA and MM were pale with DAPI whereas segments which were dim with CMA and MM displayed very bright fluorescence with DAPI.--Human metaphase chromosomes showed a small longitudinal differentiation in CMA fluorescence, which was essentially the reverse of the banding pattern obtained with AMD/DAPI double-staining, but of lower contrast. The cma-banding pattern appears to be similar to the pattern found by R-banding procedures.

Amidines↗
PubMed1977

Mithramycin and DIPI: a pair of fluorochromes specific for GC-and AT-rich DNA respectively.

The AT specificity of the fluorochromes DIPI and DAPI and the GC specificity of mithramycin are evidenced by observations in human, mouse, and bovine chromosomes. DIPI and DAPI produce a pattern similar to Hoechst 33258 in all three species, whereas mithramycin results in a reverse pattern. The AT-rich centromeric heterochromatin in mouse is brilliantly stained by DIPI or DAPI and remains nearly invisible after mithramycin staining. In the GC-rich centromeric heterochromatin of cattle the opposite behavior is observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Selective excitation of mithramycin or DAPI fluorescence on double-stained cell nuclei and chromosomes.

Fluorescence spectra of leukocytes stained by both mithramycin and DAPI showed that the fluorescence of the two dyes can be separated efficiently by using different excitation wavelengths, for instance the 435 nm and the 365 nm mercury lines. In human chromosomes the complementary ("reverse") banding pattern produced by these dyes may thus be observed on double stained chromosome spreads. In plants, for instance in Anemone blanda, the two dyes may reveal two different banding patterns. The results of absorption and fluorescence measurements suggest the existence of at least two binding sites, or types, for each dye, with different fluorescent yields and binding strengths.

Amidines↗
PubMed1975

Furosemide, mithramycin, and salmon calcitonin in hypercalcemia.

Twenty-nine patients with acute hypercalcemia secondary to carcinoma, myeloma and parathyroid adenoma have been treated with large doses of furosemide, mithramycin, or salmon calcitonin perfusion. With furosemide administration the treatment was successful in 6 of 10 patients. Furosemide was injected intravenously at the rate of 125 mg every 3 hours. With mithramycin perfusion only 2 of 8 patients have a return of the serum calcium levels to normal. With salmon thyrocalcitonin 3 of 10 patients obtained a good result. It can be interesting to suggest the association of furosemide and salmon calcitonin infusion to treat hypercalcemia of myeloma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Effect of mithramycin on bone beta-glucuronidase and resorption.

Mithramycin suppresses bone resorption. Its effect on the synthesis and release of beta-glucuronidase (a referent for lysosomal enzymes) in mouse calvarial explants was studied in an in vitro culture system. A newly described medium (designated as KT medium) was introduced in this specific study. Mithramycin initially inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase into the medium and resulted in an ultimate accumulation of this enzyme in the bone. These results suggest that inhibition of bone resorption by mithramycin may be attributed to interference in release of lysosomal enzymes from bone cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The study of variability and strain selection in Streptomyces atroolivaceus. III. Isolation and preliminary characteristics of mutants impaired in the biosynthesis of mithramycin.

Mutants of Streptomyces atroolivaceus blocked in the biosynthesis of mithramycin were isolated both by natural selection and after treatment with mutagenic factors (UV and gamma rays, nitrous acid). Both physical factors were more effective than nitrous acid. The selection was complicated by a high instability of isolates, out of which 20-80% (depending on their origin) reversed spontaneously to the parent type. The primary screening (selection of morphological variants and determination of their activity using the method of agar blocks) made it possible to detect only potentially non-productive strains; however, the final selection had to be performed always under submerged conditions. Fifty-four stable non-productive mutants were divided, according to results of the chromatographic analysis, in five groups differing in production of six biologically inactive metabolites (compounds A-H). The mutants did not accumulate chromomycinone, chromocyclomycin and chromocyclin. On mixed cultivation none of the pairs of mutants was capable of cosynthesis of mithramycin or new compounds differing from standard metabolites. Possible causes of the above results are discussed.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗