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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Studies on the morphology of colonies of bacilli of BCG-Poland substrain. I. The influence of iron on the type of BCG-Poland colonies.

The influence of iron concentration in Sauton's medium solidified with agar on the type of colonies of BCG-Poland substrains, BCG-Rio de Janeiro, BCG-France, BCG-Denmark and BCG-Japan substrains has been examined. Of all the studied BCG substrains only the BCG-Poland substrain formed rough (R) and smooth (S) colonies. In the investigated substrains rough colonies became smaller with the decrease of iron concentration but they retained their characteristic surface roughness. The smooth colonies which in the same conditions appeared only in BCG-Poland substrain did not display such dependency on iron concentration. When the incubation period was prolonged secondary rough colonies appeared among the smooth ones, regardless of the iron concentration in the medium.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the morphology of colonies of bacilli of BCG-Poland substrain. II. Dissociation of BCG-Poland substrain on Löwenstein-Jensen egg medium.

The dissociation of colonies of the substrain BCG-Poland on Löwenstein-Jensen medium has been studied. It had been stated previously (Lipińska and Rzucidło, 1974) that BCG-Poland substrain undergoes a process of dissociation which manifests itself in the appearance of smooth colonies alongside typical rough colonies. Attempts have been made to obtain pure culture of both colony types. Pure cultures composed of smooth or rough colonies respectively were obtained. The morphology and diameter of the smooth colonies depended on the size of the seed inoculum spread on the medium.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1977

[Embryology and etiology of the Poland and Amazone syndromes].

In 1841 A. POLAND described a rare complex of malformations in the male, characterized a unilateral pectoral muscle defect combined with ipsilateral symbrachydaktyly. If in the female a POLAND Syndrome is associated with ipsilateral hypo- or aplasia of the breast as a leading feature, we propose to name this entity "Amazone Syndrome". Altogether 5 POLAND Syndromes and 40 "Amazone Syndromes" were seen in our department. For the latter a morphological grading into four groups was performed for clinical purposes. The malformation complex of the poland syndrome develops between the 2nd and 5th week of gestation as a result of damage to an upper extremity bud. It is from this extremity-"Anlage" that the muscles of the shoulder girdle and the lateral thoracic wall (with common innervation by the brachial plexus) arise. In early embryonal life the lacteal ridge lies in close proximity to the exrremity bud. The "Amazone Syndrome" can be explained by simultaneous damage to an extremity bud and the lacteal ridge. Its aetiology is not clear. Lack of embryonal material, heredity, and teratogenic damage by medication are discussed. In our patients there was a strong suspicion of unwanted pregnancies with failed induced interruptions. On the other hand some siblings had various other congenital deformities. In conclusion we may state that any inhibition of the normal growth of the upper extremity bud may lead to the POLAND Syndrome, while a simultaneous damage to the extremity bud and the close-by lacteal mound may result in the "Amazone Syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

[Occupational diseases in Poland in the years 1971--1977].

The authors present results of analysis of occupational diseases morbidity in Poland in the past 7 years. Data included in individual occupational disease card provided information source. The analysis, apart from general coefficients of occupational diseases prevalence involved: age, sex, duration of exposure to occupational hazard inducing a disease, type of the hazard, and distribution of diseases throughout the country according to voivodeships and branches of national economy. From the material presented, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Occupational diseases prevalence in Poland in the years 1971--1977 was slightly decreasing. 2. The greatest coefficients of occupational diseases morbidity resulted from: occupational hearing impairments, infectious and invasing diseases, intoxications, pneumoconioses, vibration disease and diseases of skin and mucous membranes. 3. Most occupational diseases found in Poland in the years 1971--1977 resulted from long-lasting occupational exposure to a hazard. 4. The greatest occupational diseases morbidity in Poland in the period concerned, was that of persons aged 40--59.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The development of pediatric gynaecology in Poland (author's transl)].

In view of the world-wide tendency to isolate adolescent medicine covering the period of puberty new problems arise for the gynaecologists. Pediatric gynaecology in Poland owes its growth to prof. Rudolf Peter from Prague (Tschechoslovakia), because it was under the guidance of prof. Peter and his followers at the clinic of Prague University that our gynaecologists extended their knowledge of the biological differences of the childhood. Since 1955 a regular gynaecological care for children and adolescence has been developed in Poland on the basis of general health care and MCH service. In Poland there are mainly out-patient departments of pediatric gynaecology, run by the gynaecological Clinics of Medical Academies and Hospitals. At the moment there are 52 pediatric gynaecological units in Poland. In the Medical Academies, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, research work on the physiology and pathology of puberty in girls is beeing carried out. The Pediatric Gynaecological Section of the National Gynaecological Society has organized two national symposia in 1969 and in 1972, devoted to gynaecological problems and functional disorders occuring during childhood and puberty. The last Symposium was attended by Professor Robert Contamin, the President of International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology. In June 1972 Polish gynaecologists attended the First International Symposium on Pediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology held in France (Bordeaux). The Polish translation of R. Peter and K. Vesely "Kindergyäkologie" was published in 1970. The Gynaecoligical Department of the Medical Academy in Lódź provides a training centre for gynaecologists in child and adolescent gynaecology.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alternative imporisonment measures in the penal legislation of the Socialist Republic of Poland].

On April 19th, 1969 the People's Poland Parliament adopted a new penal legislation consisting of a Penal Code, a Code of Criminal Procedure and an executory Penal Code, which all came into force January 1st, 1970. The distinctive peculiarity of the above mentioned Codes, as the Authors have pointed out, is that they conform to the recent political, social and economic democratization of Poland and to the structure and dynamics of delinquency in this country. In examining the measures concerning educational rehabilitation provided for by the penal law in question, the Authors have started discussing questions like restriction on personal freedom, conditional suspension of criminal procedings, supervision of the convict who has been given the benefice of conditional suspension of the execution of sentence or of conditional release and supervision of the recidivist as well as points related to warranty and postjail care. Though these measures show some similarity to those provided for by bourgeois penal legislations, they result from a quite anthithetic ideology according to which punishment has to perform a double function of defence of working-class achievements as well as of an effective rehabilitation of the convict. A detailed analysis of the theoretical premises and of the actual carrying out of these measures shows, the Authors say, that though they represent only a further stage in the development of socio-juridical progress, they are put in conformity with the criminal policy's trends and the politico-ideological contents of a socialist government. They testify therefore an actual effort to make social rehabilitation of the convict possible in that they prevent the exertion of all negative psycho-pathogenic influences of jail environment on the convict, especially in case of slight crimes. The ultimate importance of these measures is that they can be considered an articulate attempt to promote actual social rehabilitation of the convict and therefore they are a real contribution in the resolution of delinquency which is viewed in Poland, where a process of socio-political trnasformation has been recently taking place, as part of the heritage from the past bourgeois government.

Crime↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug abuse in Poland.

The abuse of drugs in Poland, a lesser problem than that of alcoholism, has only recently become a subject of interest. Although at present it is not of crucial importance in the pathology of social life, it may still have serious effects on the individual and society. This paper discusses the results of several surveys carried out by different researchers in Poland to assess different aspects of the drug abuse phenomenon. Drug abuse patterns in Poland, as in other countries, change rapidly. Therefore, yesterday's situation may not be considered as valid today. The first part of this article presents some of the characteristics that were observed since 1968, when the phenomenon appeared, up to 1976. The second part describes the provisions of the Polish criminal law to fight drug abuse, and envisages some measures to better control this phenomenon in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Legal and organizational bases of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland in the 19th and beginning of 20th cent. (forms of insurance, work safety and sanitary regulations)].

The origins of state interventionism in the field of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland go back to the first half of the XIX-th century. It could not, however, be developed earlier than in the last quarter of this century, at which time it resulted from the class struggle of textile workers, mainly in Lódź and Zyraŕdów. Legal and organizational patterns of health care were of foreign origin, but soon they were modified and adapted to the local conditions of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. It has to be underlined that it was the textile industry that stimulated legal and organizational changes in the field of industrial health care, not only in the Congress Kingdom of Poland but also in the whole contemporary Europe.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1976

[Moebius' syndrome and Poland's anomaly (author's transl)].

The syndrome of Moebius and Poland's anomaly have some features in common. The malformations of the limbs-especially those of the fingers (brady-, syn-, symbrachydactyly)-are identical in both disorders. Hypoplasia of the m. pectoralis major, characteristic for Poland's anomaly, may accompany Moebius' syndrome and cerebral nerve pareses may be associated with Poland's anomaly, thus distinction between the two disorders may be impossible. Both disorders affect the embryo at the same gestational age and the causative factor is unknown in either of them. Simultaneous evaluation of findings observed in patients suffering of either condition should be performed to elucidate pathogenesis and aetiology.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1978

Dental hygienists in Poland.

The activities of dental hygienists in Poland since 1974 are described. About 600 dental hygienists graduated in Poland up to 1977 but only 32% of them are still working in the profession. Their main activities are: dental health education, fluoride prophylaxis and assisting in dental clinics. Although the work of about 50% of the hygienists is poorly organized, they are regarded as useful in dental care by 23 Heads of district dental clinics who employ dental hygienists.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMed1976

Women's emancipation and socialsm: the case of the People's Republic of Poland.

Determinants of occupational position in Poland, as elsewhere, include the socialization process, access to education, and the employment structure. The socialization process includes the domestic pattern of division of labor, occupational models encountered in person and in the various media, and parental and social pressures, including vocational counseling. Ecuational access is a critical determinant of the extent and type of participation in the labor force as well as attitudes toward work. Although Poland has made major attempts to improve the socialization process and acces by type of program, disparties are still encountered in pay received for similar work, and for work in positions that cannot be explained by differences in productivity or education. Employment policies being undertaken or considered include measures to improve working conditions and occupational position, to socialize a larger number of "domestic" tasks, and to provide more flexibility via part-time work and longer maternity leaves.

Attitude↗
PubMed1976

[Results of the systematic control of tuberculosis in the People's Republic of Poland according to the development of the epidemiological data till 1975 (author's transl)].

After the second World War a marked improvement of the epidemiological situation in the field of tuberculosis has been achieved in Poland. In 1952 the incidence of tuberculosis amounted to 490 per 1000 000 of the population; the prevalence to 1400. The mortality rate was 105.8 in 1950. In 1974 the incidence rate has been reduced to 81.4 (among them 49.4 excretors of tubercle bacilli), the prevalence rate was only 248.9 (among them 78.3 with excretion of tubercle bacilli and 11.7 with chronic tuberculosis--persons excreting tubercle bacilli for more than 2 years). The mortality rate from tuberculosis amounted to 13.8 at this time. The most sensible reduction of all indices was found among children 0-14 years old. Tuberculosis in Poland is still a problem of medico-social importance in adults and before all in old people, being that part of the population in past times only in a low degree vaccinated or revaccinated and in a higher degree exposed to severe infections with tubercle bacilli. The comprehensive complex programme of tuberculosis control passed by the Sejm of the Polish People's Republic, includes three approaches since 1960: the epidemiological, the integrating and the phthisiopneumological direction. Prerequisites for the scheduled realisation of the programme are the case-finding as early as possible, the quick and correct diagnosis and the immediate onset of a specific treatment, further on the dispensary care of all contacts of the patient (his surroundings) and optimal prophylactic measures against tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Results of artificial insemination of horses in Poland in the post-war period.

Artificial insemination (A.I.) of mares in Poland has not yet been widely applied. Initial attempts were made by research groups between 1945 and 1955 but A.I. of mares was only introduced into the normal practice of A.I. Centres during 1964-67. Intensive research into methods for preserving stallion semen in liquid nitrogen has been undertaken since 1968. Of the total of 3734 mares artificially inseminated in Poland since 1945, 350 were inseminated with frozen semen. The slow progress of A.I. in horses is imputed to the small numbers of people involved in the work, to the conservation of the authorities responsible for breeding, to the wrong choice of stallions for A.I. Centres and, most importantly, to the lack of a simple and reliable method of preservation of stallion semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Diplococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics. Comparison of patterns in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany.

One hundred and eighty five strains of Gram-positive cocci were tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics, including some newer drugs, by agar dilution technique. Of these, 100 strains (50 each isolated in Poland and Germany) were Staphylococcus aureus, 55 Streptococcus pyogenes, and 30 Diplococcus pneumoniae. Previous investigations of streptococci and pneumococci isolated in Poland and Federal Republic of Grmany, revealed no differences in antibiotic-susceptibility patterns in both countries, which was not the case with staphylococci. Present study demonstrates further evidence for existence of differences in antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococci, depending of their geographical origin, and presents actual state of susceptibility to antibiotics of Streptococcus pyogenes and Diplococcus pneumoniae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of Streptococcus faecalis to 32 antimicrobial agents. Comparison of patterns in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany.

Two hundred and twenty strains of Streptococcus faecalis (103 isolated in Poland and 117 in Federal Republic of Germany), were tested for antibiotic-susceptibility to 32 antimicrobial agents by agar dilution technique. Most effective in vitro appeared ampicillin, penicillin G, and a combination (1:1) of penicillin and streptomycin. Partly effective were also macrolide antibiotics, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole and five tetracyclines. Other antibiotics, including five cephalosporin derivatives, five aminoglycoside antibiotics, two lincomycins, two polymyxins, chloramphenicol and fucidin, appeared practically ineffective in vitro. Effectiveness of antimicrobials in vitro was considered on the basis of standard bioavailability of antimicrobial agents. No differences in antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of any practical significance were found, when strains isolated in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany were compared.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗