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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The impact of routine traffic encounters that include procedural justice on police perceptions.

OBJECTIVES: Despite procedural justice in police-citizen interactions being widely studied, there is limited research regarding police perceptions of these interactions. This study addresses this by exploring police perceptions of two different types of random breath test (RBT) - standard and procedurally just - in an experimental trial. Officers were asked to report on whether they believe that their RBT interaction with drivers and riders changed behaviour, developed more positive perceptions of police and resulted in slower travel. Additionally, they were asked if they thought that the RBT interaction took too long. METHODS: This study was a six month randomised control trial with two operational conditions: a control condition with a standard (n = 18 days) and an experimental condition with a procedurally just (n = 17 days) RBT. Police officers completed post-operation surveys (n = 80). RESULTS: Police officers incorporating the principles of procedural justice into RBT had limited impact on officer perceptions. However, those officers who were more open to innovation believed that the interaction would result in more positive perceptions of police. Police officers who believed that their RBTs with motorcycle riders would make a difference perceived that the riders would both change their behaviour and travel more slowly after the interaction. There were no differences in perceived interaction length by police officers across both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that police officer openness to innovation has an important role to play in police officers having more positive perceptions regarding the outcomes of RBT interactions. As such police organisations should undertake activities, such as training, to improve innovation. The lack of perceived differences in RBT length between standard and procedurally just interactions suggests that these enhanced interactions can be implemented without concerns that police officers believe that they 'take too long'.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Surveilled subjectivation: narratives of drug policing among people who use prohibited drugs in Sweden.

In Sweden, possession and personal use of drugs are criminalized since 1988, resulting in police work being directed towards minor drug offenses. Despite this, police and other authorities are encouraged to protect the health and wellbeing of people who use prohibited drugs (PWUPD). Knowledge is scarce on how this drug policy plays out in practice. This study therefore analyzes interviews with 20 PWUPD who visited harm reduction services and interacted with policing agents in Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis is based on the participants' narratives of drug policing, and it concerns how they produced themselves as subjects through relations between materiality and discourse. We utilize the concept of surveilled subjectivation to elucidate what the participants could do, what they knew and who they could be or become under drug policing. Four themes were identified illustrating the link between discourse and materiality in PWUPD's surveilled subjectivation: "Material aspects of surveillance"; "Resisting the 'drug abuser' identity"; "Fighting power with power"; and "Crossing boundaries and becoming-other". The participants described nonstop efforts to prevent their bodies, activities, belongings and environments from being enfolded by drug law enforcement, which otherwise would fuel even more surveillance. They therefore disassociated themselves from the "drug abuser" identity, and managed encounters with policing agents by keeping a low profile or acting compliantly. While the study highlights the skills and knowledges the participants deployed to navigate omnipresent drug policing, we conclude that their production of autonomous and empowered subjectivities would be facilitated if possession and use of drugs were no longer criminalized.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Characterization of age-related changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome of Kunming dogs and their associations with police performance.

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the host's central nervous system (CNS) activity and behavior. However, its influence on the police performance of Kunming dogs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study was the first to apply multi-omics technologies to investigate the dynamic variations in gut microbiota and their metabolic profiles across different ages of Kunming dogs. Furthermore, we systematically examined the associations between these microbial alterations and police performance metrics, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the working capabilities of Kunming dogs through targeted modulation of intestinal microecology. RESULTS: The study showed that puppies, young dogs and adult dogs had significantly better police performance than elderly dogs, with young dogs exhibiting the highest scores. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that gut microbial diversity and stability were highest during the young dog stage, gradually declining with age. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus animalis and Muribaculum gordoncarteri were strongly correlated with police performance. The results of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicated that the above species have functional genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse pathways. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that differential metabolites were enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, in which GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), histamine and tyramine metabolites were positively correlated with the above species and police performance. CONCLUSION: The species L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. animalis, and M. gordoncarteri, which were enriched in the gut of puppies and young Kunming dogs, may potentially influence the nervous system through the production of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, suggesting a possible association with police performance. Video Abstract.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Psychiatric screening of civil service candidates with particular reference to police applicants.

This prelimary report has reviewed the activities of a Medical Review Board for a Civil Service Commission. The responsibility of the Board is to review conflicting data in cases where the hiring authority has attempted to exclude a candidate, particularly a police candidate, on the grounds that the applicant is mentally unfit to perform the duties of the position. This rule has been applied primarily to police applicants, secondarily to fireman applicants, and rarely to other. Psychiatrists who participate must be aware of the underlying conflicts within civil service systems, the possibility of manipulation, and the rigidity of the system which is designed to protect the greatest number. Civil service systems have limited discretion on personnel policies. Therefore, psychiatrists must be careful not to act as arbiters for social institutions without a sound and meticulous basis for their participation. For those psychiatrists who participate in the process, the urgent need to do so in accord with professional standards is stressed, recognizing that standards change and that the nature of participation will be scrutinized by many in society outside the profession.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1977

[Permanent identification team of the central criminal police bureau and its requirements for dentists].

The Norwegian Department of Justice has by Order in Council in 1975 established an identification team under the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Police Bureau. The team has four members: two police officers, one expert in forensic medicin and one in forensic dentistry. Deputy members of the team are also appointed and those for forensic medicine and forensic dentistry are residents of the three largest cities of Norway, viz. Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. The responsibility of the team is to identify victims of mass disasters, and to assist in other difficult identifications both in Norway and in foreign countries when Norwegian interests are involved. Each member of the team shall sign the identification report and will thus have a veto in uncertain cases. Consquently the dentist in the team must also evaluate the entire material in each case. For identification purposes, the dentists are urged to comply with some requirements as to dental charts, radiographs and treatment. Each patient must have a clear and readable dental chart containing his name, address and date of birth. Dental characteristics should be noted. Radiographic status should be made of the teeth of regular patients and of special teeth when extensive treatment is required. The radiograms must be kept in file and identified by the name of the patient and the date of exposure. Patients wearing dental prosthesis should be offered denture marking, and the dentures should be recorded in detail on the chart. For flying personell radiographic status is regarded mandatory, and recording of all resotrations are recommended. The aviation company should be informed of the name of the dentists of their crew. Wehn a dentist is asked for assistance in an identification case, the original dental chart, all radiograms models etc. are requested to be delivered. Additions or explantations may also be valuable.

Dental Records↗