SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Polyporales”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Complete mitochondrial genomic sequence of Lenzites betulinus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

Lenzites betulinus is a medicinal fungus in the Polyporaceae. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial sequencing of this species. The circular genome is 61,288 bp in length, with a GC content of 26.32% and base composition of A (36.98%), T (36.70%), G (12.96%), and C (13.36%). It contains 14 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), 26 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and nine intronic ORFs within the cox1 gene. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 14 PCGs from 17 mitochondrial genomes confirmed that L. betulinus clusters within the Polyporaceae, closely related to Trametes and Fomitopsis. This served as a significant reference for ongoing research into other species within the Polyporales order.

Mitochondrial genome↗

PubMed2005

Laetiporic acids, a family of non-carotenoid polyene pigments from fruit-bodies and liquid cultures of Laetiporus sulphureus (Polyporales, Fungi).

The non-isoprenoid polyene laetiporic acid A, recently described from fruit-bodies of the wood-rotting fungus Laetiporus sulphureus, was found to be the major orange pigment also in mycelium grown in liquid culture. Its formation was variable, ranging from 0.1 to 6.7 mg/g dry weight in three strains, all of which were identified as L. sulphureus by ITS rDNA sequence analysis. A second pigment, 2-dehydro-3-deoxylaetiporic acid A, is also described and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Two further minor pigments, laetiporic acids B and C, were produced in liquid culture. These resemble laetiporic acid A but are enlarged by two and four carbon atoms, respectively, resulting in chromophores with 11 or 12 instead of 10 conjugated double bonds as described for laetiporic acid A. Since fruit-bodies of L. sulphureus are edible, laetiporic acids might hold potential as food colourants.

Molecular Structure↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phylogeny and a new species of Sparassis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): evidence from mitochondrial atp6, nuclear rDNA and rpb2 genes.

Three nuclear genes, lsu-rDNA (encoding nuclear large subunit rDNA), ITS (encoding the rDNA internal transcribed spacers and 5.8 S rDNA) and rpb2 (encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II), and the mitochondrial gene atp6 (encoding the sixth subunit of ATP synthase), were sequenced from all recognized Sparassis lineages. Sparassis latifolia sp. nov. from boreal coniferous forests in China is described based on morphological, ecological, geographical and molecular data. The nuclear gene phylogeny strongly supported groups corresponding to morphological differences, geographic distribution and host shifts among species that produce clamp connections, such as S. crispa from Europe, S. radicata from western North America and S. latifolia from Asia. The atp6 phylogeny however showed no divergence among these three species. For clampless Sparassis species, such as S. spathulata from eastern North America, S. brevipes and a new species from Europe, the atp6 phylogeny was congruent with the nuclear gene phylogeny. Sparassis cystidiosa is basal in the nuclear tree but sister to S. brevipes-S. spathulata clade in the ATP6 tree. The differences between the phylogenetic inferences from the atp6 gene and those from nuclear genes within Sparassis species are discussed.

DNA, Ribosomal↗

PubMed2004

Cultivation of Lentinus subnudus Berk (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) on woodlogs.

Studies were carried out on the cultivability of Lentinus subnudus on woodlogs of various hardwood trees and the effect of chemical treatments of these woodlogs with citric, tartaric, indole-3-acetic (IAA) and gibberellic (GA3) acids on fruitbody production and yield. Of the four hardwood species of Chlorophora excelsa, Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba and Spondias mombin tried, woodlogs of C. excelsa were the best in supporting L. subnudus fructification, followed by those of S. mombin. On the effect of chemical treatments of C. excelsa and S. mombin woodlogs on L. subnudus' fruitbody production and yield, bed logs treated with 50 ppm indole-3-acetic and gibberellic acids were the best in enhancing fructification and yield with C. excelsa GA3 and IAA treated bed logs consistently producing more fruitbodies and greater yields than S. mombin bed logs given the same treatments. The implication of these findings in relation to results obtained in previous studies are discussed.

Acids↗

PubMed1997

Cloning and sequencing of a second laccase gene from the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor.

A second laccase gene, CVLG1, was isolated from Coriolus versicolor. CVLGI encodes a precursor protein of 526 amino acids which contains a 23-amino acid signal sequence, and the coding region is interrupted by 11 introns. The number of potential N-glycosylation sites in this product is 12 and the greatest among that of polyporales laccases. Moreover, this protein shares about 70% homology with other polyporales laccases. Genomic Southern analysis showed that C. versicolor laccases are encoded by more than four genes including CVLG1 and a transposed allele of this gene.

Alleles↗

PubMed2004

Cytotoxic activity of methanol extracts from Basidiomycete mushrooms on murine cancer cell lines.

Crude methanol extracts of 58 mushroom species were screened for their cytotoxic activities against two murine cancer cell lines, L1210 and 3LL, using the tetrazolium assay. A majority of extracts (74%) exhibited IC50 > 100 microg/ml against both cell lines. A most marked activity against one of the cell lines was noted for nine species (14% of the tested species). While Amanitales and Russulales tested were not found active, Polyporales and Boletales gave better results. Four species exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 < or = 20 microg/ml) against at least one of the two murine cancer cell lines (Ganoderma lucidum, Meripilus giganteus, Suillus granulatus, S. luteus). The last one had never been investigated for its cytotoxic compounds before.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Biotreatment of tannin-rich beer-factory wastewater with white-rot basidiomycete Coriolopsis gallica monitored by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Some fractions of beer-factory wastewaters represent an important environmental concern owing to their high content of polyphenols and dark-brown color. The capacity of Coriolopsis gallica to preferentially degrade lignin has been successfully applied in our laboratory to the biotreatment and decolorization of paper-industry effluents. In this work, the ability of this white-rot fungus to degrade high-tannin-containing wastewaters is evaluated. Under all the conditions studied, effluent decolorization and chemical oxygen demand reduction achieved by C. gallica at day 12 of incubation were close to 50 and 65%, respectively. No adhesion of dark color to the fungal mycelium was observed suggesting that decolorization could be ascribed to C. gallica degradation systems. Mycelium dry-weight values showed that C. gallica is tolerant to relatively high tannin content present in the effluent samples. In the sample containing the highest effluent concentration (60% v/v), dry-weight values suggested an inhibition of fungal growth at day 6 of incubation and a further adaptation of the fungus to the stressing tannin effect at day 12 of fungal treatment. Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed a decrease of polyphenols pyrolysis products, mainly phenol and guaiacol, with the incubation time. All these results indicate the potential use of C. gallica in bioremediation of tannin-containing industrial wastewaters and in other applications where a reduction in polyphenols content is required.

Beer↗

PubMed1999

Mass balance modeling of vanillin production from vanillic acid by cultures of the fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus in bioreactors.

A systematic two-step procedure for the structural identification of bioprocesses is followed in order to establish a mechanistic model for vanillin production by Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. The first step is devoted to the identification of the underlying reaction structure and the development of a validated mass balance model for the growth of P. cinnabarinus and the biotransformation of vanillic acid into vanillin. The second step is devoted to the kinetic modeling, namely, the estimation of the reaction rates and the calibration of the kinetic parameters. The whole procedure leads to the final set up of a simulation model of the process. The results are supported by the data from five cultures of P. cinnabarinus in bioreactors.

Benzaldehydes↗

PubMed1998

Affinity-based in situ product removal coupled with co-immobilization of oily substrate and filamentous fungus.

In situ product removal (ISPR) involves actions taken for the fast removal of a product from the producing cell. ISPR is implemented to improve yield and productivity via minimization of product inhibition, minimization of product losses due to degradation or evaporation, and reduction of the number of subsequent downstream processing steps. Here we describe the implementation of affinity-based, specific ISPR as a crucial component of an integrative approach to problems associated with the biocatalytic production of a product exhibiting poor water solubility from an oily, water-insoluble precursor. Our integrative ISPR-based approach consists of co-immobilization of the oily substrate emulsion and the biocatalyst within bilayered alginate beads. A particulate-specific adsorbent, exhibiting high binding capacity of the product, is suspended in the reaction medium with periodical replacements. According to this approach, ISPR implementation is expected to shift the equilibration of product distribution between the co-immobilized oily substrate and the outer medium via specific product immobilization onto the added adsorbent. The product may subsequently be readily recovered via single-step final purification. This integrative approach was successfully demonstrated by the affinity-based ISPR of gamma-decalactone (4-decanolide). gamma-Decalactone was produced from castor oil via its beta-oxidation by the filamentous fungus Tyromyces sambuceus, co-immobilized with emulsified substrate within bilayered alginate beads. Product immobilization onto medium-suspended epichlorohydrin-crosslinked beta-cyclodextrin resulted in higher yield and easy pure product recovery.

Affinity Labels↗

PubMed2002

Laccase production by some Phlebia species.

The present study was carried out to examine the ability of four species of the genus Phlebia, viz. P. floridensis, P. brevispora, P. radiata and P. fascicularia, to produce the ligninolytic enzyme laccase in liquid culture. P. floridensis was the most active species that even surpassed laccase production by Trametes versicolor, and was chosen for further study. Among several carbon sources tested, malt extract turned out to be the best medium for subsequent laccase concentration by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Specific enzyme activity increased 12-fold during this procedure and a K(m) value of 0.33 mM was calculated for the resulting laccase preparation using guaiacol as the substrate. Concentrated laccase from P. floridensis was relatively thermostable and retained 70% and 15% of its activity after 1 h preincubation at 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗

PubMed2002

Molecular analysis of arylalcohol dehydrogenase of Coriolus versicolor expressed against exogenous addition of dibenzothiophene derivatives.

Using the differential display reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) technique, several cDNA fragments were isolated as chemical stress responsive genes from the white-rot basidiomycete, Coriolus versicolor, exposed to either 4-methyldibenzothiophene-5-oxide (4MDBTO) or dibenzothiophene-5-oxide (DBTO). A database search on deduced amino acid sequences of cDNAs revealed that they showed a high similarity with various proteins from other organisms. These results strongly suggested that cell responding systems might be involved in the fungal metabolism of exogenous chemicals by C. versicolor. One of the significantly up-regulated cDNA fragments by MDBTO, DD16gc, showed a high similarity to arylalcohol dehydrogenases (AADs) from several microorganisms. The full-length cDNA sequence of the DD16gc determined by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends method revealed that the gene consisted 1,295 nucleotide and poly(A) tail, encoding 394 amino acids in an open reading frame. The deduced protein showed a remarkable homology to AAD from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (66% identity) and to that from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (54% identity). The AAD gene was specifically transcripted under chemically-stressed conditions by 4MDBTO, suggesting that the enzyme encoded by the stress responsive gene may play an important role in the fungal conversion of 4MDBTO or its metabolic product(s).

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed2005

Solution properties of (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan and its sulfated derivative from Poria cocos mycelia via fermentation tank.

From Poria cocos mycelia yielded via a pilot scale facility-fermentation tank, a water-insoluble (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan coded as Pi-PCM3-I was isolated by extraction with 0.5 M NaOH/0.01 M NaBH(4) aqueous solution. Nine fractions from F1 to F9 with a weight-average molecular mass (M(w)) range from 7.75 x 10(4) to 57.3 x 10(4) were prepared from the Pi-PCM3-I sample by a nonsolvent addition method. The fractions were reacted with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine complex to product water-soluble sulfated derivatives coded as S1 to S8 with M(w) from 2.36 x 10(4) to 14.5 x 10(4) and degree of substitution (DS) of 0.86-1.38. M(w), z-average radius of gyration (s(2) (z) (1/2)), the second virial coefficient (A(2)), and the intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were measured by laser light scattering (LLS), size-exclusion chromatography combined with LLS (SEC-LLS), and viscometry at 25 degrees C. The Mark-Houwink equations for Pi-PCM3-I in 0.25 M LiCl/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Me(2)SO) and for its sulfated derivative in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution at 25 degrees C were established to be [eta] = 1.33 x 10(-2) M(w) (0.75+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)) and [eta] = 1.46 x 10(-4) M(w) (1.13+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)), respectively. On the basis of theories for a wormlike cylinder model, the conformational parameters of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were calculated to be 760 +/- 50 and 1060 +/- 30 nm(-1) for the molar mass per unit contour length (M(L)), 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 13.1 +/- 1 nm for the persistence length (q), and 14.9 +/- 0.2 and 31.8 +/- 1 for the characteristic ratio (C( proportional, variant)), respectively. The results revealed that Pi-PCM3-I existed as an extended flexible chain in 0.25 M LiCl/Me(2)SO, and its sulfated derivative existed as a semistiff chain in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, Pi-PCM3-I possessed similar structure and molecular parameters to wc-PCM3-I from a rotary shaker; this suggests promising industrialization of Poria cocos polysaccharides.

Bioreactors↗

PubMed2001

Decolorization of reactive dyes by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor in sequencing batch reactors.

The white rot fungus Trametes versicolor was shown to be capable of decolorizing three reactive dyes in a sequencing batch process, using glucose as the carbon and energy source over an extended period without supplementation of new mycelium. Decolorization activity was related to the expression of extracellular peroxidases and could be continuously reactivated by sheering the suspended pellets. Pure culture experiments were carried out simultaneously in agitated Erlenmeyer flasks and in completely stirred tank reactors with two azo dyes, C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Reactive Red 198 as well as the anthraquinone dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (Brilliant Blue R). Results show high and stable degrees of decolorization of 91%-99% in both systems, which could be repeated without decrease in activity over time. Under nonsterile conditions only five cycles of decolorization could be achieved. An increasing bacterial population suppressed fungal growth and the formation of peroxidases.

Bioreactors↗

PubMed2003

Biotransformation of N-(2-alkylamino-4-phenylimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides and kinetic studies by using cells and laccase from Trametes versicolor.

The product pattern of biotransformation of different N-(2-alkylamino-4-phenylimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides were compared. N-(2-alkylamino-4-phenylimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides were transformed by Trametes versicolor into two types of aromatic products identified by chemical structure analysis: 1. Novel heteroaromatic compounds, such as: 2-(alkylamino)-4-phenylimidazoles, N-(2-alkylamino-5-formyl-4-phenylimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides, N-(2-alkylimino-3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides and N-(2-alkylimino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)-acetamides, 2. Novel compounds arising from coupling of two molecules of the substrate. These aromatic compounds were produced from the beginning of incubation by cultures of T. versicolor. In addition to these two types of biotransformation products, monoaromatics such as oxophenyl acetic acid, benzoic acid, and benzyl alcohol were formed as degradation products resulting from an extended incubation of the substrates and from the degradation of the first two types of transformation products. Crude preparations of laccase from T. versicolor catalysed only the formation of novel heteroaromatic compounds, though they do so with higher yields and in shorter time than cultures of T. versicolor.

Acetamides↗

PubMed2004

Decolourisation of diverse industrial dyes by some Phlebia spp. and their comparison with Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Three species of Phlebia, viz. P. brevispora, P. fascicularia and P. floridensis have been evaluated for their potential to decolourise eight industrial dyes including; reactive yellow, reactive orange, reactive red, rathidol scarlet, coracryl black, coracryl pink, coracryl violet and coracryl red. The cultures used for the present study were pre adapted by growing these on yeast glucose agar medium supplemented with Poly-R 478, a reference dye. The fungal cultures were grown in mineral salts broth and harvested after different incubation periods to obtain their cell free enzyme extracts which were then used to assess their ability to decolourise the above mentioned dyes. The extracts obtained from the cultures grown for six days significantly decolourised the tested dyes. The study revealed Phlebia spp. to be better dye decolourisers than Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Anthraquinones↗

PubMed2005

Role of white rot fungus Funalia trogii in detoxification of textile dyes.

Toxic and genotoxic effects of the textile dyes on organisms suggest the need for remediation of dyes before discharging them into the environment. For this reason, the ability of Funalia trogii pellets to detoxify textile dyes was investigated and evaluated. Although, textile dyes are toxic substances for many microorganisms, the pellets were able to decolorize and detoxify the azo dyes used. Astrazon Blue and Red dyes inhibit growth of F. trogii and S. aureus on solid medium in a concentration dependent manner. The toxicity of these dyes on a fungus, F. trogii and a bacterium, S. aureus was significantly decreased after pretreatment with fungal pellets.

Color↗

PubMed2005

Influence of culture conditions on laccase production and isozyme patterns in the white-rot fungus Trametes gallica.

Laccase production by the white-rot fungus Trametes gallica was studied, using twelve different media under static or shaking condition. The results indicated that organic nitrogen sources such as tryptone and peptone strongly improved laccase production. The application of an amino acid mixture and a lignin preparation also increased the formation of laccase, which was not observed in the presence of potato extract. Native polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by laccase activity staining using guaiacol as the substrate was performed to analyze the laccase isozyme patterns under the different culture conditions employed. Zymograms revealed a total of twenty different laccase activity bands that appeared in individual patterns, dependent on the respective culture condition applied. This indicates that both the medium composition and the mode of incubation (static or shaking) influenced the laccase isozyme gene expression. This was the first time to report so many laccase isozymes in a fungus. Native PAGE with silver staining showed that laccases were the main protein productions in several media providing a potentially convenient way in purifying laccases from T. gallica.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2005

A new bitter diterpenoid from Sarcodon scabrosus.

The new cyathane-type diterpenoid sarcodonin I was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Sarcodon scabrosus. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic means, including 2D-NMR (HMBC, HMQC, ROESY, 1H, 1H-COSY).

Diterpenes↗