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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Pathology of angiosarcoma of the liver among vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.

We described the histologic features of 13 hepatic angiosarcomas which developed in workers engaged in the polymerization of vinyl chloride to polyvinyl chloride. Although the histologic features varied considerably in different portions of the angiosarcoma in the same liver and in the angiosarcomas of the liver from different patients, many features were similar such as sinusoidal, papillary, and cavernous growth patterns coincident with the precursor lesions of proliferation and atypia of sinusoidal lining cells.

Hemangiosarcoma↗
PubMed1975

Mortality experience of a cohort of vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.

These data are derived from early follow-up of individuals exposed for 5 or more years to vinyl chloride in a polymerization facility. At least 17 percent of the deaths that occurred were causally related to exposure to vinyl chloride. Longer periods of observation are required to provide information concerning the full spectrum of vinyl chloride-induced malignancies and their incidence among exposed workers. These data speak for the need to prevent exposure to vinyl chloride and for surveillance and early disease detection of those who have experienced vinyl chloride exposures in the past.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an important plastic resin for construction, pipe and tubing, siding, and other uses. Exposures to vinyl chloride monomer during the early years of production resulted in an important sentinel health event: the recognition of an excess of a rare liver cancer, hepatic angiosarcoma, at facilities throughout the world. Several other syndromes, including acro-osteolysis, also have been associated with PVC, but less clearly with vinyl chloride. Extensive research ranging from large-scale epidemiologic studies to biomarker research into molecular mechanisms continues to provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of occupational cancer.

Hemangiosarcoma↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of cancer among vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride workers.

The results of a follow up study of the incidence of cancer and the mortality in a cohort of 454 male workers producing vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride are presented. The study population was restricted to employees with more than one year's work experience in the study plant between 1950 and 1969 and the cohort was followed up from 1953 to the end of 1979. Twenty three new cases of cancer were observed compared with 20.2 expected; one case of liver angiosarcoma was found. Five cases of lung cancer were found (2.8 expected) and four cases of malignant melanoma of the skin were observed (0.8 expected). The possibility of a causal relationship between exposure to vinyl chloride and the development of malignant melanomas is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Carcinogenicity and epidemiological profile analysis of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.

The carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (VC/PVC) is reviewed with specific attention to the gaps in knowledge for risk estimation and epidemiological presentation of the available data. Although experimental studies have demonstrated the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of VC/PVC in general, the epidemiologic studies available for review do not include an assessment of carcinogenic risk among humans exposed to these chemicals. This conclusion is based on the observation that the majority of cohort studies reviewed lacked sufficient statistical power because of small sample sizes. Further, in epidemiological studies, individuals were not followed over an adequate period of time during which cancer could become clinically manifest.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Respiratory function study of workers engaged in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride manufacture].

A hygienic evaluation is made on the work conditions in the production of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Studies were carried out on 516 workers after the following indices: vital capacity /VC/, forced expiratory volume per sec. /FEV1/, peak expiratory capacity /PEC/, maximum expiratory capacity 75 /MEC75/, maximum expiratory capacity 50 /MEC50/ and maximum expiratory capacity 25 /MEC25/. It was established that 33.13% of the workers were with ventilation disturbances. The most frequently met was the obstructive syndrome of ventilation insufficiency. The infringements were most often in workers with length of service up to 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Changes in pulmonary function in workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.

To determine whether occupational exposure to vinyl chloride gas and polyvinyl chloride dust is associated with changes in pulmonary function, spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained in 348 workers in a VC polymerization plant. The major finding was diminution in air flow in 200 workers (57.5 percent). This abnormality correlated with age and duration of exposure. A relationship with smoking was noted only in younger workers with exposures of less than 10 years. When age exceeded 40 years or exposure 20 years, prevalence of this impairment was similar in smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that occupational or other environmental factors were operative.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Headspace GC/MS analysis of residual vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride in polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride products].

A headspace GC/MS analysis method for the simultaneous determination of residual vinyl chloride (VC) and vinylidene chloride (VDC) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) products was developed. A test sample was swelled overnight with N,N-dimethylacetamide in a sealed vial. The vial was incubated for 1 hour at 90 degrees C, then the headspace gas was analyzed by GC/MS using a PLOT capillary column. The recoveries from spiked PVC and PVDC samples were 90.0-112.3% for VC and 85.2-108.3% for VDC. The determination limits were 0.01 microg/g for VC and 0.06/microg/g for VDC, respectively. By this method, VC was detected in two PVC water supply pipes at the levels of 0.61 and 0.01 microg/g. On the other hand, VC and VDC were not detected in any of the food container-packages or toys tested.

Dichloroethylenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride as seen through epidemiologic observations.

In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the scientific literature to induce angiosarcoma of the liver in animals and humans. Further research has now demonstrated the carcinogenicity of this agent to other organs. Target organs for VC now include the liver, brain, and lung, and probably the lymphohematopoietic system. The carcinogenic risk has been extended to jobs associated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) exposure. This is evidenced by cases of liver angiosarcoma reported among individuals employed in or residing near PVC fabrication facilities and by epidemiologic study demonstrating a significant association between lung cancer and exposure to PVC dust. An association between PVC dust and pneumoconiosis has been demonstrated. On the basis of these findings, experimental bioassays and epidemiologic studies of the carcinogenicity of PVC are clearly in order. Prudent control of PVC in the industrial setting is also clearly indicated.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Incidence of cancer among workers exposed to vinyl chloride in polyvinyl chloride manufacture.

Based on results from two previous studies where an excess of melanomas was found in a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VCM), a follow up of the incidence of cancer in the same cohort of 428 workers was carried out to scrutinize whether or not the excess could be confirmed by new cases. The total number of deaths in the study group from 1953 to the end of 1993 was 132 v 141 expected, and the total number of incident cancer cases was 56 v 57 expected. There were 11 cases of lung cancer v eight expected, seven cases of melanomas v 2.07 expected, and two cases of thyroid cancer v 0.34 expected. Five of the seven melanoma cases had occurred in the group that had been most heavily exposed to VCM v 0.7 expected. In the present follow up we also found five cases of the spinocellular cancer of the skin v 1.7 expected. Out of these five cases four were diagnosed after 1984. Two of the five cases v 0.7 expected had occurred in the most heavily exposed group. The total number of skin cancers (melanomas and spinocellular cancers) were 12 v 3.7 expected. There was one new case of melanoma between 1985 and 1993 v 0.7 expected. Hence, the strength of the relation between the observed and expected number of cases was reduced compared with the last follow up, and does not strengthen the previously indicated causal relation between exposure to VCM and development of malignant melanoma. There was no excess of testicular cancers in this study. The present results may indicate that occurrence of spinocellular skin cancer could bear some relation to work in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Confirmation is needed from studies on other cohorts exposed to VCM.

Cohort Studies↗