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Changes in the Caucasian male facial profile as depicted in fashion magazines during the twentieth century.

The purposes of this study were to (1) measure changes in the young adult Caucasian male profile through time and (2) describe the male profile depicted in current fashion magazines. Profile photographs (n = 116) of male models collected from leading fashion magazines of the last 65 years were analyzed. They were reproduced as slides, and the images were scanned and projected onto a computer monitor. Soft tissue landmarks were digitized and the profiles were corrected for size differences. Six linear, nine angular, and three proportional parameters were measured. Anteroposterior lip position, lip curl, and vermilion area showed statistically significant correlations (r > or = 31, p < 0.01) with the progression of time. Other angular measurements and vertical facial proportions did not change significantly (r < or = 17, p > 0.05). The results showed that (1) the male profile depicted in fashion magazines has changed significantly with time and the changes were in the area of the lips; and (2) there was a trend of increasing lip protrusion, lip curl, and vermilion display. We conclude that similar to the female profile, the esthetic male profile has changed with time.

Adult↗

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Bibliography of Medicine↗

[Bodies scorned: when medicine and caricature meet].

With the advent of the illustrated press, in 1840, the art of caricature initiated an interesting dialogue with historical painting and portraiture. The article shows dr. Oswaldo Cruz as target of this humorous language in the early twentieth century. Caricature -- a line that cries out -- recognizes the pain of its injured subject and, under an unwritten intersubjective pact, uses humor to release the violence of suffered aggression.

Brazil↗

Portraits of people with mental disorders in English Canadian history.

This paper will discuss the ways in which academic and non-academic historians in English Canada have portrayed people with mental disorders. The phrase "people with mental disorders" refers to individuals who were considered mentally disturbed by their contemporaries and/or by historians. This includes discussion of people who were in mental institutions as well as people who were never confined. Citations are from both detailed studies and fleeting references on this topic. Areas considered include portraits of people with mental disorders as being anonymous, passive, active, named, dangerous, untrustworthy; they also include the problem of stereotypes in the writing of this history.

Canada↗