PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Postpartum Programs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Contraceptive use and pregnancy before and after introducing lactational amenorrhea (LAM) in a postpartum program.

There is good evidence that lactational amenorrhea (LAM) is an effective method of fertility regulation during the first 6 months postpartum, provided no other food is given to the baby and the mother remains amenorrheic. However, although breast-feeding is strongly promoted in many maternity hospitals that also run postpartum family planning programs, LAM is rarely included among the contraceptive options being offered. This paper presents the results of an operational study which compared the prevalence of contraceptive use and the cumulative pregnancy rate at 12-months postpartum among 350 women observed before and 348 women studied after introducing LAM as an alternative contraceptive option offered to women following delivery at the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP), in Recife, Brazil. The percentage of women not using any contraceptive method was significantly lower (p<0.0001) after the intervention (7.4%) than before (17.7%). This difference remained statistically significant after controlling for age, number of living children, marital status and years of schooling. The proportion pregnant one year postpartum was also significantly lower (p<0.0001) after the introduction of LAM (7.4%) than before (14.3%), but the difference was no longer significant after controlling for the same variables. It is concluded that LAM is a useful addition to family planning postpartum programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A state program for postpartum HIV counseling and testing.

The New York State Department of Health began its Obstetrical HIV Counseling/Testing/Care Initiative in 1989. The objective of the initiative was to expand the availability of and access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection counseling and voluntary testing in the postpartum setting. Programs have been initiated in 24 hospitals statewide. The initiative emphasizes cooperative arrangements within participating hospitals for referring patients to medical and social services. Participation by hospitals in the initiative is voluntary. Initial grants to hospitals for the initiative ranged from $50,000 to $80,000. The main obstacle in implementing the initiative has been a lack of such resources as administrative or clinical support, phlebotomy services, and office or clinical space. During the period from August 1, 1990, through March 31, 1992, 16,436 women at risk for HIV infection were counseled in the postpartum setting at 24 hospitals participating in the initiative. Of them, 6,754 (41.1 percent) consented to HIV testing. Of the 6,754 tested, 3,000 women (44.5 percent) returned to receive test results and posttest counseling. Counseling and testing activities supported through the initiative identified 196 of 1,227 (16 percent) of the HIV-positive women who gave birth at participating hospitals and 196 of 892 (22 percent) seropositive women not previously identified. Combining testing data from the initiative with other data on seropositivity, the authors estimated that 43.3 percent of HIV-positive women delivering infants at participating hospitals were identified by voluntary testing. Hospital performance in the program varied markedly. Further study is needed to determine how to improve the effectiveness of the effort to identify HIV-positive childbearing women at the less successful hospitals and to enhance the rates of patients returning for posttest counseling and community followup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The LEM device in an immediate postpartum contraception program.

Experience with the LEM intrauterine device in an immediate postpartum program at the Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital, Manila, Philippines, is reported. During a 6-month period, the LEM was inserted in 1359 women immediately after normal term deliveries. The early expulsion rate was high, but removals for bleeding or pain were minimal. Pregnancy rates during the second 6 months of use were higher than those reported previously for postpartum insertions of the LEM device.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical outcomes of two early postpartum IUD insertion programs in Africa.

Postpartum IUD insertion programs are new to Africa and few have been carefully evaluated. Also, data on the clinical outcomes of postpartum IUD insertions using the Copper T 380A IUD are sparse. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate introductory postpartum IUD programs using the Copper T 380A IUD in Kenya and Mali. Postpartum IUD acceptors in Kenya (n = 224) and Mali (n = 110) were interviewed at baseline and at 1, 3, amd 6 months after delivery. We compared expulsion, medical removal, and discontinuation rates by insertion characteristics in each country. Six-month cumulative expulsion rates were lower for immediate insertions (those within 10 minutes of placental delivery) than for late insertions (generally between 10 minutes and 72 hours after placental delivery) in both Kenya (0.01 vs 0.05) and Mali (0.15 vs 0.27). Medical removals occurred in 1% and 7% of Kenyan and Malian acceptors, respectively, while pelvic infections were rare in both countries (< or = 2%). Differences in 6-month cumulative discontinuation rates between immediate and late insertions were not significant in either Kenya (0.05 vs 0.07) or in Mali (0.24 vs 0.32). This study suggests that postpartum IUD insertions can be performed safely with acceptable expulsion rates in African settings. Previous studies of other IUDs showed that expulsion rates are lower for immediate insertions compared with late postpartum insertions. This study suggests that these findings can be extended to the Copper T 380A IUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The international postpartum family planning program: eight years of experience.

The International Postpartum Program was begun in 1966 in order to demonstrate the feasibility of providing efficient and effective family planning services in the context of the obstetrical care provided by hospitals. The project included 138 institutions in 21 countries. Over an eight-year period, 1.14 million women were recruited, representing 33 acceptors per 100 obstetrical/abortion patients in these hospitals. Relying primarily on modern methods of contraception, the pill, the IUD, and sterilization, the program provided about 124 years of contraceptive protection for each 100 obstetrical/abortion patients, or somewhat more than four years' protection per acceptor. Predischarge insertion of IUDs was found to be safe and effective. In all countries, the program acceptors experienced important changes in fertility over and above the effects of aging. The demonstration showed that basing a program on activities in the obstetrical wards permits a rapid buildup of services, without great cost for construction. Whether using specially trained additional staff to provide family planning education and information or relying on the existing staff, hospitals were able to recruit a substantial proportion of women on the maternity wards as acceptors. Cost per acceptor averaged about US$5.00 during the eight-year period--considerably below the cost per acceptor in the majority of national programs. Such economy arose because acceptance ratios for the International Postpartum Program were higher than ratios for national programs where the target population is more dispersed, and because only direct costs for the services needed to be considered. The idea of uniting family planning information and services with the maternity services of hospitals has been seized upon and replicated outside the International Postpartum Program. The governments of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Colombia, Thailand, and the Philippines, among others, now operate such systems. Postpartum programs still do not reach substantial segments of the urban population in the developing world, but the expansion of such services is continuing. Also, adaptations of maternity-centered family planning programs are now being tested in rural areas in the world, where most children are born.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant car seat usage. Effectiveness of a postpartum educational program.

A study, based on the social learning theory model and designed to assess the effect of a postpartum educational program on mothers' use of infant car seats at the time of discharge was conducted. The control group consisted of data for 92 mothers obtained by recording their behavior at the time of discharge regarding their use of infant car seats and eight other related measures. The postpartum study group (90) was shown an educational slide/audio tape presentation followed by a question-and-answer period and demonstration of car seats. They were also given a shoppers' guide and a pamphlet of facts and pictures of car seats. Statistical significance was obtained on several measures.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1997

A randomized trial of a program of early postpartum discharge with nurse visitation.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare an early postpartum discharge program versus standard postpartum care. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in a 637-bed university hospital included 175 healthy women recruited at 32 to 38 weeks gestation from physicians' offices and sonograms. Experimental intervention consisted of discharge 6 to 36 hours post partum with nursing care available by telephone or at home at 34 to 38 weeks' gestation and at < or = 48 hours and at 3, 5, and 10 days post partum. The control included a postpartum stay of 48 to 72 hours and standard follow-up. RESULTS: At 1 month no significant differences were seen in perceived maternal competence (Experimental-Control = 4.3 points [95% confidence interval-7.7 to 16.3]), infant weight gain (1.2 gm/ day [-2.8 to 5.2]); identification of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (rate ratio 0.50 [0.10 to 2.51]), infant utilization of health services (rate ratio 0.88 [0.45 to 1.73]), or predominant breast-feeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 [0.88 to 1.75]). Program participants did have significantly less frequent infant bilirubin testing (rate ratio 0.39 [0.17 to 0.94]). The program also enhanced perceived maternal competence in recent immigrants (26.9 points [2.7 to 51.5]). CONCLUSIONS: Early postpartum discharge coupled with prenatal, postnatal, and home contacts leads to no apparent disadvantage and may yield benefits for some mothers and infants.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a prenatal teaching program on postpartum regeneration of the pubococcygeal muscle.

A quasi-experimental design was used to compare postpartum perineometer readings of an experimental group of 32 women receiving a prenatal teaching program for the use of Kegel exercises with a control group of 30 women for whom the instructional program was omitted. All subjects received postpartum instruction from a pre-existing program presented by hospital staff. Significantly higher mean postpartum perineometer readings (t = 4.07; P less than .01) were found for the experimental group than for the control group, which supported the hypothesis that women who are offered the prenatal program for the use of Kegel exercises during the third trimester of pregnancy and are instructed on Kegel exercises by the staff during the hospitalized postpartum period will have significantly higher readings on the perineometer at the postpartum visit than those women for whom the prenatal program is omitted.

Female↗
PubMed1982

A pediatric-child psychiatry liaison program on postpartum unit of a community hospital.

Pregnancy and parturition represent stressful situations in the human life cycle, affecting both parents and family members. Psychological, physiological, social, and cultural changes during these periods demand new adjustments and adaptations by the family. Health care professionals can help parents cope effectively with these normal developmental crises by providing support, reassurance, and guidance. Unfortunately, during these periods many physicians feel incompetent in relating to their patients. Medical school and residency training programs have not provided adequate supports for the emotional and cognitive development of the student. The student of medicine often leaves training feeling insecure in this area and is reluctant to initiate and perpetuate collaborative liaison programs and psychiatric colleagues. The authors developed a pediatric-child psychiatry liaison program on the postpartum division of a community hospital, realizing the need for medical students and pediatric residents to appreciate and understand the normal developmental crises inherent in parturition and pregnancy. The program was created within the context of a developmental framework which emphasizes the normal psychophysiological experiences occurring during these periods. Issues concerning the emotional well-being of patients and the responsibility of training programs promoting emotional and intellectual growth are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Symbiotic and synergistic community-based volunteer home visiting program for postpartum families.

Community health nurses who focus on the needs of the community as client, and not simply individual and family services, are aware of the demand for increased services. This demand, however, is usually coupled with the absence of resources to deliver the needed services. Therefore, leaders in community agencies must consider attracting nurses as volunteers to augment resources. Volunteer service can be highly synergistic when a symbiotic relationship exists between the agency and the volunteer. A one-year volunteer home visiting program was developed to provide services to families with new infants at one U.S. Army installation in the western United States. We assume the program methodology would be successful in civilian communities as well as other client populations.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1989

Spouses' experiences during pregnancy and the postpartum: a program of research and theory development.

A program of nursing research was established to test a theory proposing that wives and husbands have similar pregnancy-related experiences. The research was guided by a conceptual framework of the family as a living open system. Findings were conflicting from three studies that investigated the relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in changes in various body image components during and after pregnancy; taken together the findings suggested that spouses do not have similar patterns of change in their body images during pregnancy and the postpartum. Two other studies investigated the relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their reports of physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. In these studies the spouses reported similar physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. There was no evidence, however, in any of the studies of a relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their pregnancy-related experiences. The validity of the theory of similar pregnancy-related experiences and the credibility of the conceptual framework of the family as an open system are questioned.

Body Image↗