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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Population structure and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from diseased poultry in Jiangxi Province, China.

Salmonella poses a significant threat to human and animal health. However, the relationship among population diversity, antibiotic resistance, and infection risk remains largely unexplored. In this study, 69 Salmonella strains were isolated from diseased poultry in Jiangxi Province from 2021 to 2024. Using whole-genome sequencing, serotype prediction, MLST, virulence and resistance gene analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and mobile genetic element annotation, we characterized the diversity, resistance profiles, and transmission mechanisms of these strains. The results showed high diversity, with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (>60%) and ST19 (62.31%) as the dominant serovar and sequence type, respectively. Several avian isolates were genomically similar to human isolates, indicating potential zoonotic risk. All strains harbored conserved core virulence modules, whereas accessory modules (e.g., cdtB, astA, pefA) varied and may affect pathogenicity. The multidrug resistance rate was 97.1%, with 100% resistance to erythromycin, tilmicosin and tiamulin, and resistance rates of 91.3%, 84.1%, and 71.0% to sulfonamides, enrofloxacin, and ceftiofur, respectively. Sixty-eight resistance genes were identified. Highly conserved antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) modules (e.g., sul2-aph(3″)-Ib-aph(6')-Id-tet(A)) were shared between chromosomes and plasmids and were flanked by mobile elements such as Tn3 and IS3. Genomic islands (GIs) and plasmids in some strains carried resistance gene clusters highly homologous to those in pathogens from humans, pigs, and chickens, suggesting active horizontal transfer of resistance genes across hosts. This study revealed high diversity, prevalent multidrug resistance, and active horizontal transfer of resistance genes in avian-derived Salmonella from Jiangxi Province, emphasizing the need for cross-host resistance monitoring and antibiotic management within the 'One Health' framework.

Horizontal gene transfer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of the egg-bit technique in poultry-disease research.

Experiments were carried out to determine the usefulness of the egg-bit technique (EBT) in poultry virus research with various agents available on the market. The EBT was found satisfactory for propagating 9 strains of avian influenza virus of different antigenic groups, with only minor differences resulting when the procedure used two sources of gelatin, presence or absence of CaCl2, or commercial or specific-pathogen-free embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional and metabolic aspects of fatty liver disease in poultry.

There are two metabolic disorders of major commercial importance in poultry that involve the occurrence of fatty deposits in the liver. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) affects young birds and the main manifestations, lipid infiltrations into liver and many other organs, are apparently secondary effects of the primary lesion that lies in carbohydrate metabolism. Although several nutritional and environmental factors influence FLKS, the main factor is the vitamin, biotin. In the absence of an adequate supply of biotin, the hepatic activity of pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme, becomes so low that gluconeogenesis in the liver via pyruvate becomes negligible. When the bird is then subject to a mild stress and/or short term fasting, liver glycogen reserves become rapidly depleted and a progressive hypoglycaemia develops that ultimatley proves fatal. Supplementing diets with adequate amounts of biotin can prevent the syndrome. Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is brought about by an excessive accumulation of fat in the livers of adult hens which weakens the cellular structure of the liver and allows fatal haemorrhaging to occur. The aetiology of the syndrome is not clear, but a major factor is an excessive intake of dietary energy. However, the involvement of hormonal and toxicological factors, as well as other nutritional factors, is also possible.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory diseases in poultry caused by viruses--occurrence and diagnosis (author's transl)].

The highly intensive conditions, that economic necessity has forced upon the poultry industry, have resulted in strongly changed environmental conditions and management which combined with the use of a constantly increasing number of live vaccines has highly complicated clearing up the etiology in diseased flocks. This is true not least as far as respiratory diseases concerns, which thereby often run an atypical course. A review, however, not complete, is given of the occurrence and diagnostic procedures in respiratory diseases caused by viruses, the greatest importance attached to infections caused by adeno- and infectious bronchitis virus.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Marek's disease virus-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in viral replication and MDV-1/Md5-induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius.

Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes severe immunosuppression and T cell lymphomas in chickens, known as Marek's disease (MD), an economically important poultry disease primarily controlled by vaccination. Importantly, it also serves as a comparative model for studying herpesvirus-induced tumor formation in humans. MDV encodes more than 100 genes, most of which have unknown functions. MDV LORF1 is unique to serotype I MDV (MDV-1), lacking homologs in other herpesviruses, and has not been explored yet. To this end, an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) harboring the complete genome of the MDV-1 very virulent strain Md5 was generated, and the rescued rMd5 maintained biological properties similar to the parental virus both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, rMd5ΔLORF1, a recombinant Md5 virus deficient in pLORF1 expression, was generated by a frameshift mutation in the LORF1 gene. Chickens infected with rMd5ΔLORF1 exhibited a lower mortality rate and delayed bursal atrophy than those infected with the parental rMd5 and the revertant virus (rMd5-reLORF1). Consistently, viral loads of rMd5ΔLORF1 were obviously lower than those of rMd5 or rMd5-reLORF1 in the bursa, but not in the spleen. Importantly, we found that pLORF1 deficiency impairs viral replication in bursal B cells. Furthermore, we showed that pLORF1 associated with the cellular membrane, interacted with MDV structural proteins, and exhibited punctate colocalization with tegument or capsid proteins in the cytoplasm. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that the MDV-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in MDV-induced bursal atrophy but not in tumor formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Antibody reaction to inhalation vaccination of poultry against Newcastle disease].

Aerosol preparated from the AVIPEST vaccine by means of three types of aerosol generators was used for vaccination of 294 chickens of different age against the Newcastle disease in laboratory tests and 30 000 chickens at the age of two and three weeks under field conditions. The general and local antibody reactions to vaccination were evaluated on the basis of the determination of the content of hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization antibodies in the blood serum and in respiratory-tract flushings. The level of secretory antibodies in the flushings from the respiratory tract, determined by the described original method, is an important parameter of the resistance level of the organism to infection. The highest average levels of antibody titres in serum and in flushings were obtained 14 to 21 days from vaccination (7-10 log2). The La Sota vaccination strain was eliminated from the organism after spray vaccination and immunized the non-vaccinated contact chicken. Revaccination increased and greatly prolonged immunity. All the chickens inoculated showed resistance to challenge infection whereas the control birds died within four to six days.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

[Vaccination schemes against Newcastle disease in poultry].

Two schemes of vaccination against pseudo-pest (A and B) were tested on broiler-chickens and two schemes (C and D)--on parent form birds. Vaccine of the La Sota strain was used for the broilers and was administered twice at differing age after the spray method. For the parent birds La Sota strain vaccine was used also--twice after the spray method, plus a vaccine of the strain Komarov--twice intramuscularly and as aerosol (scheme C) and the vaccine strain La Sota spray and aerosol alone (scheme D). Immunity induced in birds after immunization was followed serologically by the titre of serum antihaemaglutinins and by provocation with a highly virulent pseudo-pest virus strain. The 4 schemes of immunization tested comparatively ensure solid immunity of birds to pseudo-pest. Better production index results were obtained from broiler chickens vaccinated after scheme B and parental form birds vaccinated after scheme C.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2026

Portable metagenomics for preventive surveillance and outbreak control in livestock and poultry: Pathogen detection, resistome profiling, and antimicrobial stewardship.

Conventional diagnostics for livestock and poultry outbreaks commonly rely on culture or targeted PCR panels, which may be too slow or too narrow to guide early control decisions. Portable metagenomics, particularly real-time nanopore sequencing, offers a route to broad pathogen detection, antimicrobial-resistance gene profiling, and outbreak investigation within an integrated workflow. This implementation-focused review evaluates how near-point-of-care metagenomics may support preventive veterinary medicine through earlier detection, surveillance, cohorting, biosecurity decisions, and antimicrobial stewardship. We synthesize sample-to-answer workflows for enteric and respiratory disease in food-producing animals, including sampling, nucleic-acid extraction, host depletion or target enrichment, library preparation, sequencing, bioinformatics, quality control, and interpretation. Applications in calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory disease, poultry outbreaks, mastitis, and resistome monitoring are considered alongside the central limitation that detection alone does not establish causation. Pathogen and resistance-gene signals must therefore be interpreted with clinical signs, lesions, epidemiology, controls, and confirmatory testing. We also propose a minimum reporting checklist, intended as a practical framework rather than a validated consensus standard. Portable metagenomics is not a replacement for conventional diagnostics, but appropriately validated workflows can reduce uncertainty during time-sensitive outbreaks and support more judicious antimicrobial use.

Animals↗