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Results for “Precancerous lesions”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Pathologic study of precancerous lesion of the gallbladder].

Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder in 150 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens resected from the patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis are studied. Of these specimens, 80% had simple epithelial hyperplasia, 16% atypical hyperplasia, 1.3% carcinoma in situ and 2.7% invasive carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasia was observed in the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma in situ which, in turn, was found in the mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinoma. This finding suggests that some of simple hyperplasia of the gallbladder evolve towards atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ which finally becomes invasive carcinoma. In addition, the authors put forward a morphologic criteria for grading the atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the endometrium].

Cytodiagnosis of the precancerous lesions of the endometrium has remained unclear compared to that for cervical lesions. Endometrial cytology and biopsy have been performed for patients with atypical genital bleeding, who were over fifty, postmenopausal or nulliparous, We studied cytologic findings in cystic glandular, adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia, and compared to them in early cancer. Differential diagnosis was somewhat difficult between cystic glandular hyperplasia and benign lesions. Cytological diagnosis becomes gradually easier with progress of the lesions. A few cases with endometrial hyperplasia developed endometrial carcinoma for several years. Endometrial carcinoma has been detected even in the patients with suspicious endometrial cytology, so endometrial biopsy is still an important method. However, endometrial cytology is very easy, so we need to clarify the cytological cytological characteristics in precancerous lesions of the endometrium.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1977

Precancerous lesions of the endometrium.

The existence of precancerous lesions of the endometrium is well established, but differences in terminology and difficulties in the interpretation of published studies have complicated quantitation of the malignant potential of the descibed subtypes. Clinical investigations, cellular studies, chromosome and DNA analyses, and animal experiments suggest that the malignant potential of cystic hyperplasia is low in contrast to that of the more complex types of hyperplasia. The significance of atypical secretory hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and endometrial polyps in the evolution of endometrial cancer has not been investigated adequately. Artifactual crowding of glands due to fragmentation and benign processes such as the epithelial regeneration in late menstrual endometrium and the Arias-Stella reaction should not be confused with precancerous changes. A classification of precancerous lesions is presented and the need for adoption of a uniform terminology for future investigations and communication with gynecologists is emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Secondary prevention of esophageal cancer--intervention on precancerous lesions of the esophagus].

In 1983, intervention of precancerous lesion of esophagus was undertaken in the high risk area of esophageal cancer, Heshun Village, Linxian County. It had been expected that cancerous degeneration rate of esophageal dysplasia should be reduced by 50% so as the prevention of esophageal cancer could become possible. 6758 subjects of the general population aging from 40 to 65 were examined by esophageal exfoliative cytology, 1729 had marked dysplasia and 2411 had mild dysplasia of esophageal epithelium. Those with marked dysplasia were randomized into 3 groups to take their respective medication: antitumor B (Chinese herbs); retinamide (4-Ethoxycarbophenylretinamide) and placebo. The subjects with mild dysplasia were divided randomly into 2 groups for treatment by riboflavin and placebo. 95% of the subjects had taken 90% or more of the total medication for 3 years, at the end of which they were reexamined by esophageal exfoliative cytology. The reexamination rate was 94.1%. The incidence of esophageal cancer in the antitumor B group (3.9%) was reduced by 53% as compared with that of the placebo group (8.3%). This difference had statistical significant (means 2 = 7.672, P less than 0.05). The incidence of esophageal cancer in retinamide and riboflavin groups were reduced by 33.7% and 19% as compared with those of the control groups. The regression rate of dysplasia in the treatment groups were increased than that of the control groups. The above results showed that our hypothesis about the secondary prevention of esophageal cancer is correct. The intervention of precancerous lesion of the esophagus is effective in the prevention of esophageal cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A morphological study of stromal microvasculature of nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions.

24 specimens of nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions (NPP) were studied for stromal microvasculature by light microscope and image analysis for quantitation. FVIIIR: Ag was used as a vascular endothelium marker to show the blood vessels by immunohistochemistry. The microscopic and quantitative results showed that most cases had abnormal hyperplastic features similar to the stromal neovascularization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). These findings suggest that abnormal hyperplastic vessels may be a prerequisite to cancerous transformation of nasopharyngeal epithelium.

Capillaries↗

PubMed1990

Risk factors of gastric precancerous lesions in a high-risk Colombian population. I. Salt.

A case-control study for stomach cancer was conducted in a high-risk population in Nariño, Colombia to determine the risk of gastric precancerous lesions associated with salt intake measured by sodium-to-creatinine ratio of a single urine sample. Gastric biopsies and urine samples were collected from 263 individuals. Urinary sodium-to-creatinine ratios were studied in relation to histological data from the biopsies. Significantly high odds ratios for precancerous lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) were associated with higher sodium-to-creatinine ratios. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 2.50 for chronic atrophic gastritis and 7.24 for dysplasia were found. The association with intestinal metaplasia was weaker and not significant (OR = 1.57). Furthermore, an excess risk associated with adding salt to food at the table was found among patients with precancerous lesions (OR = 1.80). These findings support the two-step involvement of salt in the process of gastric precancerous lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Precancerous lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. I. The stomach].

Detection of precancerous lesions and early phases of stomach carcinoma is the basic aim in the fight against this malignant tumour of a very bad prognosis. On the basis of data from contemporary literature, the basic elements of epidemiology and pathology of stomach precancerous lesions are presented in this paper. Chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasias, dysplasias, chronic stomach ulcer and the state after the stomach resection due to benign disease are dealt with from that aspect. The terms of precancerous states are considered in the introductory part. Through the definition of specific morphological changes general practitioners could be given help in elucidating this problem more successfully.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Relation between severity and extent of precancerous lesions in the postoperative stomach.

The relation between the severity and extent of precancerous lesions in a precancerous condition of the stomach was assessed, to find a means of reducing the endoscopic workload required for the detection of such lesions. 87 subjects who had had gastric surgery for peptic ulcer more than 20 years ago underwent gastric endoscopy and biopsy. Severity of dysplasia correlated with its extent. Severity of intestinal metaplasia correlated with its extent and with severity of dysplasia. Type of operation, but not sex or type of ulcer, was the factor most strongly associated with dysplasia. Previous Billroth II operations were more strongly associated with occurrence of dysplasia (85%) than were other operations. In patients with previous Billroth II operations, moderate and severe dysplasia were commoner around the stoma (37%) than in the body (10%). These findings indicate that there is a relation between the severity and extent of precancerous lesions, which suggests that patients with dysplasia have widespread gastric mucosal instability. They also indicate that, if endoscopic screening is limited to Bilroth II subjects and if biopsies are limited to the stoma, endoscopic workload can be reduced by 85%, with only a small reduction (15%) in detection of moderate and severe dysplasia.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1990

Risk factors of gastric precancerous lesions in a high-risk Colombian population. II. Nitrate and nitrite.

Gastric nitrite content was studied in relation to precancerous lesions of the stomach in a case-control study conducted in a high-risk Colombian population. The proportion of detectable nitrite in gastric juice and the mean pH were significantly higher among those with precancerous lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) than among the controls (normal and superficial gastritis); the proportion and mean pH increased with the progression of histological changes from normal to dysplasia. Nitrite was not detectable in gastric juice with a pH less than 5.0. A positive association was found between the proportion of detectable nitrite and the risk of gastric precancerous lesions. Odds ratios of 4.39 for intestinal metaplasia and 24.72 for dysplasia remained significant after controlling for confounders. This finding suggests that nitrite may be a precursor of a mutagen that targets gastric epithelial cells.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1986

Feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method to detect cancerous and precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

For the detection of cancerous and precancerous lesions in cervical cytopathology, the feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling procedure was tested and compared with the Papanicolaou method. To this end, the percentage of labeled flattened epithelial cells with a morphologically normal appearance present in cervical cell suspensions was determined. It was found that the mean labeling percentage of the control group was 71% (SD, 11%). The means for mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia groups were, respectively, 54% (SD, 19%), 48% (SD, 13%), and 44% (SD, 16%). The mean for the carcinoma in situ group was 32% (SD,11%), and for the squamous cell carcinoma group 16% (SD, 5%). It appeared that the labeling percentage gradually decreases with increasing atypia of the epithelium as confirmed by histological observation. A complete dissimilarity was found between healthy individuals and cancer patients. In a follow-up study it was found that the mean labeling percentage did not alter in cases of an unchanged stage of disease. A reestablishment of the normal concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling percentage often appeared once the cancerous or precancerous lesion was treated. In conclusion, the concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method can be considered as a supplementary technique to the Papanicolaou method for the early detection of cervical cancer. It reduces the effect of sampling and screening errors of the Papanicolaou method, and it allows a more objective cytological diagnosis. In addition, it may possess prognostic significance.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed1988

[Oncogenes and differential diagnosis among non-neoplastic, precancerous lesions and early and advances cancers].

Reviewing recent publications, especially on ras and myc expression in GI tract tumors, the usefulness of detecting oncogene changes for differential diagnosis among non-neoplastic changes, precancerous lesions, early and advanced cancers were discussed. While quantitative change of oncogene expression per se appears to have only limited value, qualitative alteration in oncogenes or in regulatory mechanisms of oncogene expression seems to offer more promising perspective for judging the biological character of individual lesions. The definition of precancerous lesion and early carcinoma is also carefully discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1992

[Preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions in LACA mice].

Three hundred and ninety LACA mice of seven weeks old were used in 2 batches (96.4 wks and 106 wks) for studying the preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions. These mice (within each batch) were randomly allocated to four groups, namely, positive control (MNNG), green tea (GT), complex (MNNG + GT), and blank control (C) group. In MNNG group, MNNG 250 micrograms) was injected intravenously every five days for seven times in each mouse; the total dosage of MNNG was 1.75mg. In GT group, according to W/W, 5% GT dust was well mixed into 95% common diet for long-term breeding. In complex group, MNNG was given as that in MNNG group and the mice were reared as those in GT group. The mice in MNNG group and in C group were all reared by common diet. The mean amount of daily intake of feed was 10g. The number of effective animals was 354. The results of experiments showed different degrees of preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions in LACA mice. Green tea exerted an effect on the number of induced cancers and precancerous lesions, causing a drop of the cancerous rate from 79.75% to 13.59% and the number of lung tumor down to 1/7-1/16 that of the MNNG group, i.e. down to less than one tumor nodule per mouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

An epidemiologic assessment of cancer risk in oral precancerous lesions in India with special reference to nodular leukoplakia.

A cohort of 12,212 tobacco users was followed up annually to assess malignant potential of oral precancerous lesions in the Ernakulam district in Kerala, India. A total of 19 new oral cancers were diagnosed over a period of 8 years, and 15 (79%) of these arose from some preexisting precancerous lesion or condition. Nodular leukoplakia showed highest rate of malignant transformation (16% per year) as six of 13 nodular leukoplakia underwent malignant transformation over a mean follow-up period of 2.8 years. The relative risk (3243.2) compared with individuals with tobacco habits but without any precancerous oral lesion was also the highest for nodular leukoplakia. In addition, nodular leukoplakia was associated with submucous fibrosis in two patients, which progressed to oral cancer and was the clinical diagnosis for four lesions that turned out to be malignant on histopathologic examination. Nodular appearance was noted in two other precursor lesions as well. Thus, 14 of 19 oral cancers (74%) were either preceded by nodular leukoplakia and with lesions showing a distinct nodular appearance, or had the clinical appearance of nodular leukoplakia.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Natural history of the cervical precancerous lesions (author's transl)].

The histogenesis of precancerous lesions and of carcinoma in situ has undergone deep changes over the past ten years. In particular, concepts of re-epidermisation by indirect metaplasia has made it possible to understand the progressive process which results what are generally described as dysplasias. These lesions were previously considered as being made up of two groups : regular dysplasia with slight or moderate dyskaryosis, with a good prognosis, and irregular dysplasia with severe dyskaryosis; but they are now felt to be non-obligatory stages in the same process which may stop for a time, regress or on the contrary accelerate and become an invasive carcinoma. There is no clearly defined limit between dysplasias and carcinoma in situ. These concepts are confirmed by cytology, histology and other methods (histophotometry, cytogenesis, biochemistry, etc). The aetiology of these lesions is involved with the hormonal environment and vaginal pH which would appear to play a role in the epidermoid differentiation of undifferentiated or reserve cells which are the basis of the constitution of preneoplastic lesions. The penetration of mutagens into these cells is explained by the hypothesis of amoeboid movements of undifferentiated cells which bring the nuclear heterochromatin into contact with the external surroundings where carcinogenic histones are found.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed1991

Photodynamic therapy for 50 patients with skin cancers or precancerous lesions.

Hematoporphyrin photodynamic therapy (HpD-PDT) was used to treat 50 patients (51 lesions) with skin cancers or precancerous lesions. The preliminary results were satisfactory, with 44 cases (45 lesions) obtaining excellent results, 4 cases good, 1 case fair, and 1 case poor. The effective rate was 98%, the significant remission rate 96%, and the complete remission rate 88.2%. Exposure to sunlight should be avoided after HpD injection, since it produces photosensitivity. A follow-up for 1 to 3 years confirmed that HpD-PDT is a good new adjuvant therapy for selected cases. It brings a hopeful future to the treatment of skin cancers.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[The effect of Bulbus allii on precancerous lesions of the esophagus due to N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine in rats].

In so much as precancerous lesions of the esophagus are a stage that must pass in the course of formation of carcinoma of the esophagus, inhibiting its occurrence is an important measure in the prevention of esophageal. The test was carried out in 84 Wistar rats of both sexes randomly divided into 2 groups, one group fed with 50% aqueous extract of Bulbus allii and the other as control. After 105th day of experiment, results showed that Bulbus allii inhibited significantly precancerous lesions of the esophagus due to N-methyl-N-amyl-nitrosamine (P less than 0.05) increases of the splenic index (P less than 0.001) in rate and the percentage of peripheral T-lymphocyte (P less than 0.01) in rats. The results suggested that Bulbus allii had a preventive action against carcinoma of the esophagus, which could be attributed to increasing the immunity.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Value of immunohistochemical investigation of anti-GST-pi antibody in the early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion].

Human placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) was detected in 38 human gastric carcinoma and 28 precancerous lesions by Avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method using anti-GST-pi antibody. Of 22 normal gastric mucosa, 91% were negative for GST-pi stain, 95% of 21 well and moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas, all of 5 poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas, 75% of undifferentiated gastric carcinomas, 85% of intestinal metaplasia and 100% of atypical hyperplasia were positive for GST-pi stain. These results indicate that GST-pi is a new sensitive marker for immunohistochemical detection of gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

False-negative Papanicolaou smears from women with cancerous and precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

The occurrence from 1980 to 1989 of false-negative Papanicolaou smears in women with cancerous and precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix was studied. The 4,781 cases of cancer (2,814 invasive carcinomas and 593 carcinomas in situ) and precancerous lesions (418 severe dysplasias, 748 moderate dysplasias and 208 mild dysplasias) included 70 cases (1.5%) with false-negative smears. These 70 cases included 43 invasive carcinomas (61.4%), 17 carcinomas in situ and adenocarcinomas in situ (24.2%), and 10 dysplasias (14.4%); all were diagnosed histologically. The mean age of women with false-negative smears was 44.1 +/- 13.7 years. Review of the original cytologic samples showed a screening error in 41 cases (58.5%), an interpretation error in 2 cases (2.9%) and a sampling error in 27 cases (38.6%). Methods for eliminating false-negative smears are discussed.

Adult↗