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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Comparison between immunological pregnancy test and ultrasonic examination for determination of early pregnancy (author's transl)].

Ultrasonic B-scan examination (Vidoson) and the Gravimun semiquantitative HCG test were applied simultaneously to 107 women, between the 35th and 95th day form menstruation. Control checks were made after another ten and 20 days. The findings so far recorded are likely to support the conclusion that the sensitivity of ultrasonography is higher than that of semiquantitative detection of HCG from urine and, therefore, more applicable to diagnosis of early pregnancy or assessment of disorders in early pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Immunologic pregnancy test in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

In a rhesus monkey population, 90 matings were performed. Chorionic gonadotropin was extracted from the urine using a modified kaoline-acetone procedure. To diagnose pregnancy, a commercial human immunologic pregnancy test was used. The test method seems to give both a false positive and a false negative rate of zero percent.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current status of immunologic pregnancy tests.

Information about the mechanism of various pregnancy tests is summarized. The sensitivity of these tests as well as their advantages and limitations in a clinical setting are presented and evaluated in an effort to maximize their usefulness in a clinical setting.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1975

Ultrasonic "B" scanning as a pregnancy test after less than six weeks amenorrhoea.

Sixty patients with less than six weeks amenorrhoea were examined by ultrasonic "B" scanning for the detection of pregnancy. The results were compared with those obtained by histological examination of the aspirate after the patient had undergone menstrual regulation by vacuum aspiration of the uterine contents. The overall accuracy was 79 per cent with 15 per cent false positives. The accuracy after 39 days amenorrhoea was 95 per cent. The technique was compared with an immunological pregnancy test.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

[The excretion of chorionic gonadotropin in ectopic pregnancy (author's transl)].

In 244 cases of ectopic pregnancy the excretion of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine was determined in 459 tests. In 88% of the cases an immunologic pregnancy test (pregnosticontest) was positive. The mean quantitive excretion of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine was 20 +/- 13% of the values for normal pregnancy. In 11.4% of the cases, values compatible with the chorionic gonadotropin excretion in normal intra-uterine pregnancy were observed. Repeat quantitative tests on the same patient showed a decrease of the mean chorionic gonadotropin titre in the urine with increasing gestational age. The results are shown in diagrams.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1977

Subclinical spontaneous abortion.

Blood samples were obtained from 5 women during the menstrual cycle in which they had conceived. Although neither the women nor their physicians were clinically aware that conception had occurred, one or more of the blood specimens from each woman contained human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Each patient underwent a spontaneous abortion with 4 of the 5 women describing a delayed, but otherwise normal, menses. The fifth noted an unusually abundant amount of vaginal bleeding. Immunologic urinary pregnancy slide tests were negative in the 4 women on whom the tests were performed. The levels of hCG in the serum of these women were abnormally low for the estimated length of gestation, suggesting that defective trophoblastic function may be important in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. These examples illustrate that some women may conceive and abort so early that the pregnancy and the abortion may remain subclinical. Therefore, it is likely that the true incidence of spontaneous abortions during the first trimester is greater than the presently accepted incidence of 15%.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Qualitative diagnosis of pregnancy using the immunologic Gonavislide test].

Gonavislide is the latex agglutination "slide" test in which, on the basis of a new reaction principle, a direct reaction between HCG and anti-HCG occurs. The test was applied in 300 pregnant and 200 non-pregnant patients. The accuracy of the test in either group was 100% after correction.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pregnancy testing. 1. Immunoassays and radioimmunoassays.

Immunoassays have virtually replaced bioassays for detection of pregnancy. Slide and tube tests are applicable in most clinical situations. Because of its sensitivity, radioimmunoassay is ideal for diagnosis of early and ectopic pregnancies.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1979

A simple and sensitive nonradioactive method for the detection of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin and diagnosis of early human pregnancy. I. Multiple-unit test.

A simple, sensitive, and reproducible method for the detection of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and diagnosis of early human pregnancy is reported. A 5-ml aliquot of filtered early-morning urine sample was concentrated in a microconcentrator (M) to 0.1 ml of retentate which was diluted with 0.4 ml of distilled water and tested in a hemagglutination inhibition test (M-HIT). Also, a 0.1-ml aliquot of filtered unconcentrated urine sample was diluted with 0.4 ml of distilled water and tested in the same hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT). Urine samples from women of reproductive age; from perimenopausal, menopausal, and proteinuric women; and from adult males were tested in the HIT and M-HIT. Some of these urine samples were also tested in the mouse ovulation bioassay (MOB). The M-HIT was significantly more reliable than the HIT for diagnosis of early pregnancy 25 to 55 days after menses. Correct negative results with the M-HIT were obtained in urine samples of most of the nonpregnant cycling, perimenopausal, and menopausal women, and adult males. Urine samples from subjects with severe proteinuria gave false-positive types of reactions in the M-HIT. Positive results were obtained in the MOB with a number of urine samples from pregnant, perimenopausal, and menopausal women. A properly conducted M-HIT should be very valuable in diagnosing pregnancy as early as the 26th day of the cycle in regularly menstruating women.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1976

Pregnancy-specific antigens in the sheep: application to the diagnosis of pregnancy.

Antisera to 14-day-old sheep embryos were raised in rabbits and used to detect antigens specific to pregnancy by immunofluorescent staining and haemagglutination. Non-specific antibodies were removed by repeated absorptions of the antisera with homogenates of liver and kidney from non-pregnant ewes. The pregnancy-specific antigens were detected using immunofluorescence in the embryo, myometrium, maternal blood and CL as early as Day 8. No fluorescence was detected in pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle or endometrium of pregnant ewes, or in any tissues of non-pregnant ewes. Haemagglutination occurred when a 1:8 dilution of rabbit anti-sheep embryo sera was added to blood obtained from ewes between Days 6 and 50 of pregnancy, but not when added to blood from non-pregnant ewes, rams and wethers or from pregnant mares, sows and cows. The immunological activity was removed from the anti-sheep embryo sera by absorption with homogenates of 14-day-old sheep embryo or pregnant uterus, or erythrocytes from Day 14 pregnant ewes, confirming that the antigens were specific to pregnancy. The presence of these antigens provides a basis for a haemagglutination test for pregnancy from Day 6 after mating and may be involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy in the ewe.

Animals↗