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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Termination of second trimester pregnancy with intraamniotic administration of 16-phenoxy-omega-tetranor-PgE2-methylsulfonamide (SHB 286) alone and combined with oxytocin and calcium gluconate.

Midtrimester abortion was succesfully induced within 30 hours in 62 out of 90 patients by intraamniotic administration of 16-phenoxy-omega-17,18,19, 20-tetranor-prostaglandine-E2-methylsulfonamide. The Pg-analogue was tested in 5 groups of patients which received 1,2 or 3 mg. In group IV, 2 mg of the analogue was combined with oxytocin. In group V, 3 mg of the analogue was combined with 2.75 grams of calcium gluconate. The success rate was significantly influenced by the amount of the drug administered. Side effects were minimal. Multiparous women respond better to the therapy than nulliparous patients. The combination with oxytocin was more effective than the Pg-analogue alone and the combination of sulprostone with calcium gluconate was 87% succesful within 30 hours and 100% succesful within 36 hours.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Prostaglandins and abortion. III. Comparison of single intra-amniotic injections of 15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin F2alpha for termination of second-trimester pregnancy: an international multicenter study. World Health Organization Tast Force on the Use of Prostaglandins forthe Regulation of Fertility.

A multicenter, multinational study involving 1,521 patients has compared prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) (40 or 50 mg.) and 15-methyl PGF2alpha (2.5 mg.) given intra-amniotically for induction of second-trimester abortion. The highest success rates for PGF2alpha at 24 and 48 hours were 67.8 and 86.6 per cent, respectively. The percentages for 15-methyl PGF2alpha for the equivalent times were 74.1 and 95.6 per cent, respectively. There were 75 cases classified as failures in 602 patients treated with PGF2alpha and only 34 cases were classified as failures among 919 patients treated with 15-methyl PGF2alpha. A further 35 patients required additional treatment to complete the abortion. The over-all incidence of diarrhea and vomiting was low, less than 3.4 episodes per patient. There were 20 cases of cervical laceration (2.9 per cent); only one extended into the lower segment of the uterus. It is concluded that intra-amniotic administration of either 50 mg. of PGF2alpha or 2.5 mg. 15-methyl PGF2alpha provides an effective and safe method for termination of second-trimester pregnancies.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1978

Termination of second trimester pregnancy with intra-muscular administration of 16 phenoxy-omega-17,18,19,20 tetranor PGE2 methylsulfonylamide.

A new prostaglandin analogue, 16 phenoxy-omega-17,18,19,20 tetranor PGE2 methylsulfonylamide was used for the termination of second trimester pregnancy in 60 patients. The drug was injected intramuscularly in doses of 0.5 mg 4 hourly, 1 mg 8 hourly or 1 mg 6 hourly for a maximum of 36 hours. Fifty five patients aborted. The incidence of gastrointestinal side effects was low and there were no complications.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Maternal and fetal renin activity and renin and big renin concentrations in second-trimester pregnancy.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and the concentrations of renin (PRC) and big renin (PBRC) have been determined in maternal and fetal blood, and renin and big renin have been measured in amniotic fluid, at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Gradients between peripheral arterial and venous and uterine venous maternal circulation were not apparent for PRA, PRC, or PBRC. PRC and PBRC but not PRA were consistently higher in fetal cord blood than in the maternal compartment. The concentrations of big renin and of renin were tenfold higher in amniotic fluid than in maternal plasma and were significantly correlated in amniotic fluid but not maternal or fetal plasma.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Active and inactive renin in pregnancy and in women on estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.

Total and active renin concentrations (TRC and ARC) were determined in pregnant women and in women on estrogen-containing oral contraceptives to study the variation of plasma renin forms in pregnancy. TRC was already elevated in the first trimester. After that TRC increased consistently reaching the maximum in the third trimester. The ratio of inactive renin concentrations (IRC) to TRC was between 20 and 30% throughout gestation. Therefore, it was supposed that the development of the placenta or the enlargement of the uterus do not affect the ratio of IRC to TRC too much. In women on oral contraceptives in whom plasma renin activity was increased due to elevation of renin substrate, the ratio of IRC to TRC was almost the same as that in normal controls. From these results, it was suggested that the development of the placenta and the enlargement of the uterus do not play an important role in the variation of plasma renin forms, although remarkable changes are observed in the renin substrate and total amounts of renin in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin B6 nutriture during pregnancy and lactation. II. The effect of long-term use of oral contraceptives.

Vitamin B6 nutriture was assessed during pregnancy and lactation to determine whether previous use of oral contraceptive agents (OCA) resulted in reduced reserves of the vitamin. Vitamin B6 levels were measured in maternal serum and urine at 5 and 7 months gestation and at delivery, in cord serum and in milk at 3 and 14 days postpartum. Long-term use of OCA (greater than 30 months) resulted in low levels of vitamin B6 in maternal serum at 5 months gestation and at delivery and in milk compared with values for short-term (1 to 30 months) and nonusers of OCA. Levels of vitamin B6 were also lower in the cord serum of long-term users of OCA as compared to nonusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructure of the chorionic villus of the human placenta of the second and third trimester pregnancy.

38 human placentae of the 14th week of normal gestation were studied ultrastructurally. The thickness of the syncytial layer of villi varied markedly, and the syncytial cytoplasm showed marked vacuolization, which increased in the course of pregnancy in association with intensification of processes of resorption and absorption and hormonal function of the syncytium. Toward the end of the 2nd and at the beginning of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, hypertrophic cytotrophoblastic cells appeared, whose ultrastructural character indicated functional stimulation. This observation contradicts the widely held view that cytotrophoblastic cells undergo gradual reduction in the course of pregnancy.

Chorionic Villi↗
PubMed1979

Plasma HCG levels in patients with bleeding in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.

The prognostic value of maternal plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) determinations, measured by a specific beta-subunit radioimmunoassay, was studied in 188 patients with bleeding between 6 and 20 weeks gestation. The patients were arranged into different subgroups according to ultrasound findings as well as clinical and histopathological evidence. In threatened abortion with successful outcome (50 per cent of all patients studied), the weekly mean hCG values were normal or even slightly elevated. In patients with a blighted ovum, the first hCG level measured was in the normal range in 34 per cent of the patients. In patients who aborted embryo with former life signs hCG values were generally normal before the abortion. The hCG levels were usually low in patients with incomplete abortion and ectopic pregnancy. An initially subnormal level of hCG was associated with a poor outcome of pregnancy in 92 per cent of patients. If the first hCG level was within the normal range the outcome of pregnancy was favourable in 79 per cent of patients.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1978

Sampling pure fetal blood by fetoscopy in second trimester of pregnancy.

A technique for fetal blood-sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation) combining fetoscopy with real-time ultrasound was used in 48 attempts at fetal blood-sampling. Specimens containing fetal red cells with or without amniotic fluid or maternal blood, and adequate for diagnosing haemoglobinopathies, were obtained in 45 of the 48 fetoscopies. Sampling was successful in all 18 patients with a posterior placenta, and in 27 of the 30 with an anterior placenta. In 22 of the last 27 consecutive fetoscopies pure fetal blood was taken; the placenta was anterior in 16 and posterior in six. Out of 17 cases sampled between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation pure fetal blood was obtained in 16. The volume of the samples varied from 50 to 500 microliter. The ability to obtain pure fetal blood consistently even when the placenta is anterior will increase knowledge of fetal physiology and the scope of prenatal diagnosis.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1979

Nucleic acids and protein changes in normal and pre-eclamptic placentae.

DNA and RNA assayed in the placentae of three groups of pregnant women: normal second trimester (16-28), normal third trimester (28 weeks up to term) and in preeclampsia. The protein level in the placentae of the three groups was also assayed. The proteins, DNA and RNA all decreased after 28 weeks and up to term in normal pregnancy. In pre-eclampsia DNA and RNA showed a significant increase compared with cases of normal third trimester pregnancy. Whereas the proteins also showed an increased level, this was still less than its concentration during the second trimester of pregnancy. Protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios were calculated for the three groups. These ratios showed a gradual decrease during normal pregnancy from 16 weeks up to term, but with a sharper decrease in pre-eclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Steroids in human myometrium and maternal and umbilical cord plasma before and during labor.

Concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and progesterone in the myometrium, maternal peripheral vein, and mixed umbilical cord plasma were determined before and during labor by radioimmunoassay. Of the 29 patients studied, 4 underwent elective abortions by hysterotomy in the second trimester of pregnancy, and 25 underwent cesarean section (elective or during labor). The concentration of umbilical cord cortisol in the latter group of patients was also determined. Advanced labor was characterized by a high concentration of estrone in the maternal peripheral vein, the umbilical cord, and the myometrium. Concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol in cord plasma also increased during labor. From the second trimester to term pregnancy, increases in the concentrations of estrone and estradiol in the myometrium were proportionately greater than those of progesterone. During labor, there were no significant changes in the myometrial concentrations of estrone, estradiol, or progesterone. During labor in term pregnancies, the myometrial concentration of estrone was higher than that of estradiol.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Combination chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia during pregnancy: three case reports.

The cases of three patients with acute myelocytic leukemia presenting during the second trimester of pregnancy are summarized. All three patients were treated with combination chemotherapy. One patient, while in remission, underwent elective abortion of an apparently normal fetus. This patient is alive and free of disease 2 years after bone marrow transplantation. Each of the other two patients was spontaneously delivered of a premature infant. Transient bone marrow suppression occurred in one of these infants. Both children were small for their gestational age. One patient died 9 days after her infant was delivered and the other survived for 13 months.

Adult↗