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Results for “Preleukemia”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Spontaneous and induced preleukemia cells in C57BL/6 mice:brief communication.

A transplantation bioassay method was used to verify the presence of preleukemia cells in C57BL/6 mice shortly after leukemogenic treatment or in relation to age increase. Preleukemia cells were identified mainly among bone marrow cells of old C57BL/6 mice or within 10 to 30 days after leukemogenic treatment of young mice with radiation-induced leukemia virus variants, fractionated doses of irradiation, or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), although the overt disease did not occur until many months later. Mice could carry preleukemia cells without necessarily developing overt leukemia. Since the leukemogenic agents used in the present studies induced T-leukemias, the role of the thymus in the induction of preleukemia cells was tested. Thymectomy affected viral transformation but did not diminish the number of preleukemia cells induced by DMBA or X-ray.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed1978

Detection of cytochemical and morphological anomalies in 'preleukemia'.

The present investigations confirm and extend previous reports on the occurrence of cytochemical anomalies among the hemopoietic cells in preleukemia. The cytochemical patterns of the hemopietic cells obtained from 19 patients suffering from a preleukemic disorder have been studied. The diagnostic value of the cytochemical examination using a panel of 10 different tests is emphasized. In a prospective study in 17 out of 25 patients, preleukemia had been correctly diagnosed. In 4 patients leukemia developed within 2-4 months from the diagnosis ('imminent leukemia'), in 13 patients leukemia or smouldering leukemia developed between 4 and 25 months after the diagnosis ('true preleukemia'). The cytochemical profiles of the hemopoietic cells of the latter have been compared with those of 14 patients suffering from aplastic anemia. In preleukemia the blasts did not exceed 3% of the nucleated bone marrow cells. The clinical value of the diagnosis 'preleukemia' is discussed as well as the prognosis and the possible therapeutic approaches.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Comparative electron-microscopic study of the erythrocytic line in refractory anemia (preleukemia) and myelomonocytic leukemia.

The bone marrow erythrocytic precursors of 12 patients with refractory anemia (preleukemia) or myelomonocytic leukemia were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The results were tabulated in a semiquantitative manner and a comparison was established between the two main diagnostic groups. The following results are reported. 1. Similar nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities of the normoblasts were observed in preleukemia and leukemia. 2. A nuclear lesion consisting of nuclear clefts and blebs was demonstrated in at least some of the normoblasts in all of the patients. Although not specific, this finding appears to be a new contribution in the field of preleukemia and myelomonocytic leukemia. 3. Iron overload, including the presence of pathologic sideroblasts, is common to both preleukemia and leukemia.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1979

[Bone marrow culture in aplastic anemia and preleukemias].

After incubation of bone marrow cells obtained from normal subjects and patients with pancytopenia in the double layer agar culture (Robinson-Pike), the clusters of different size and the colonies were counted on days 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Aplastic anemia and two types of preleukemia could be distinguished by a different growth pattern. A high incidence of small clusters (4-12 cells) was found in patients with aplastic anemia on days 2 and 3, whereas these aggregates were markedly reduced in preleukemia of type B. In preleukemia of type A an excessive number of small clusters was obtained. The morphology of cells in clusters and colonies was studied by cytochemical staining and electronmicroscopy. In preleukemia marked defects of maturation were demonstrable in the cells.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMed1976

Proliferative behavior of hemopoietic cells in preleukemia and overt leukemia observed in one patient.

Hemopoietic cell proliferation was studied in a patient suffering from preleukemia characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow with ineffective erythropoiesis. Two years later when overt acute myelogenous leukemia had developed the study was repeated. The kinetics of proliferation were investigated by a new method which allows evaluation of the rate and time of DNA synthesis in individual morphologically defined cells. Erythropoiesis was found ineffective to the same degree in both stages of disease. The rate of erythroid cell proliferation, however, was reduced in overt leukemia only. The myeloid system showed a grossly reduced production rate of myeloblasts in preleukemia whilst the same parameter was strongly increased in leukemia. This high production rate of myeloblasts in overt leukemia was interpreted as indication of a far-reaching self-maintenance of the myeloblast pool in this stage of disease. The proliferative activity of the individual myeloblasts was reduced already in preleukemia, and even more so in leukemia. In order to explain the amplification of the myeloblast pool with the onset of overt leukemia a change in the mode of myeloblast divisions is assumed. For this a transition from steady state to some degree of exponential growth gives the most plausible explanation.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

[A prospective study on course and prognostic criteria in "preleukemia" (author's transl)].

The natural course of disease was followed in 33 patients with so-called preleukemia by a prospective multicentric protocol. Patients with the following criteria were included: Anaemia with granulocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia, normal or increased cellularity of the bone marrow and exclusion of a known diagnosis of underlying disease. Follow up after assumption of "preleukemia" was 3 years or more. Median survival was 26 months after diagnosis of preleukemia and 36 months after the first unequivocal symptoms of the blood dyscrasia. 40% of the patients changed to the picture of leukemia within 2 years. The most important parameters suggesting subsequent transition to overt leukemia where chromosomal abberations and an increased blast count of the bone marrow.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Genetic lesions in preleukemia.

Preleukemia is thought to be a clonal disorder of hemopoietic stem cells. The conversion of a normal cell into a preleukemic and ultimately leukemic state is a multistep process requiring the accumulation of a number of genetic lesions. The myelodysplastic syndromes have become a paradigm for human preleukemia, where nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities, including complete or partial deletions of chromosomes five and seven, trisomy eight and Y chromosome loss suggest specific changes. Of particular significance are 5q deletions, as many genes important in hemopoiesis are located in this region, including the proto-oncogene FMS, which encodes the receptor for the macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1. Genetic damage such as point mutations in the RAS and FMS genes has been detected in preleukemia patients. The RAS gene family (N, K and H) encodes membrane-bound G proteins, which, like other proto-oncogenes, are components of the intracellular signal transduction pathways controlling mitogenesis and differentiation. The characterization of such lesions may ultimately identify those patients at greatest risk of leukemic transformation.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Feline preleukemia: an animal model of human disease.

In man, hematologic abnormalities precede the development of acute myeloblastic leukemia in about one-third of individuals. This preleukemic state may represent a stage of adult leukemia wherein small numbers of leukemic cells are present and the normal marrow stem cell compartment has not been seriously compromised. A syndrome resembling human preleukemia occurs in cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). This disorder is characterized by anemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia occurring weeks or months prior to the development of feline acute leukemia. The natural occurrence of this syndrome in this domestic animal population makes it a potential model of human preleukemia. Initial poor results of therapy of human preleukemia presently prohibit one from carrying out controlled trials with chemotherapeutic agents in such a group of patients. Preliminary trials with chemo- and/or immunotherapy may be more easily attempted with FeLV infected preleukemic cats.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Preleukemia. Cytogenetic clues in some confusing disorders.

A number of disease states are considered "preleukemic" because they carry a significantly increased risk for the subsequent development of frank leukemia. These include a variety of cytopenias, myeloproliferative disorders, and childhood syndromes. Cytogenetic data suggest that these preleukemic disorders may not be qualitatively different from leukemia but simply represent quantitative differences in the degree of selective growth advantage enjoyed by a proliferating abnormal hemic population. Recent chromosome studies have indicated that a) this proliferation is characteristically clonal in both preleukemia and leukemia, apparently resulting from a heritable change in a marrow stem cell that allows it to escape to some degree from normal growth regulation; b) genetic instability in the clone, with additional genetic change, may often underlie clinical progression from the relative indolence of preleukemia or chronic leukemia to an aggressive stage comparable to acute leukemia; and c) certain specific chromosome segments carry genes important in the acquisition of growth advantage by hematopoietic stem cells, and many of these are common to both preleukemia and leukemia. Expansion of hemic clones may also be influenced significantly by alterations in the growth control mechanisms themselves. For instance, in various preleukemic states, preexisting marrow hypoplasia may permit clones with only minimal selective advantage to reach demonstrable size. Chromosome findings may help to establish the diagnosis and prognosis in preleukemic disorders, but additional long-term data are needed.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed1976

Proliferation and production of hemopoietic cells two stages of disease: preleukemia and overt leukemia.

The kinetics of erythropietic and granulocytopoietic cell proliferation have been investigated in the same patient at two distinct stages: firstly in preleukemia presenting as pancytopenia with ineffective erythropoiesis, and secondly 2 years later in acute myelogenous leukemia. The method investigation is based on determining the DNA synthesis rate of individual cells by means of quantitative 14C-autoradiography after short-term incubation with 14C-thymidine and fluorodeoxyuridine. Erythropoiesis was equally ineffective in the two stages, the rate of proliferation, however, slowed down towards the leukemic state. The production rate of myeloblasts was markedly reduced in preleukemia accompained by a very low labelling index. In leukemia on the other hand the production rate was increased to such a degree that the leukemic myeoblast compartment is to be considered as prevailingly self-reproductive. The proliferation rate of myeloblasts was reduced already in preleukemia, and there was a further decrease in leukemia. From the point of view of cell kinetics the manifestation of leukemia in this patient is explained best by a change in the mode of proliferation: the myeloblasts change from steady state growth to behaving like an exponentially expanding population.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

Preleukemia: hematological disorders prior to onset of leukemia.

Published data on Japanese leukemia patients with a preleukemic hematological disorder were assessed. The reexamined cases were from the "Japona Centra Revuo Medicina" reported during the period from 1952 to 1971. Among preleukemic hematological disorders, hypoplastic anemia was the most frequently reported (41 of 62 cases). These "hypoplastic preleukemia" patients were rather elderly and terminated mostly in atypical myelocytic leukemia. The chief hematological feature of the hypoplastic preleukemia cases was the coexistence of a relative erythroid hyperplasia and a slight increase of myeloblasts in the bone marrow that was unusual in hypoplastic anemia. The presence of pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow with a relative erythroid hyperplasia combined with a slight increase of myeloblasts probably indicates hypoplastic preleukemia that terminates later in acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

[Gene diagnosis and successful reversion in a patient with preleukemia].

According to the FAB classification, a patient (case 1) could not be diagnosed as MDS-RA, although she had clinical features of MDS, as compared with another patient (case 2) who was diagnosed as RAS and had abnormal karyotype (20q- and 5q-) of bone marrow (BM) cells. BM cells of the two patients were SCD (sister chromatid differentiation) negative. Rearrangement of c-erbB and c-erbA was found in the genome of the BM cells in both patients, when southern blot hybridization was performed with probe v-erbB+A. Therefore, case 1 could be diagnosed as preleukemia. During a period about 3 years of treatment with the drug stanozolol in case 1 there was good effect and successful reversion was obtained. She had then normal hematologic and cytogenetic patterns of BM and PB and the rearrangement of c-erbB of BM cells also disappeared. She has worked for two years since then. The mechanism of effective treatment and successful reversion was discussed briefly. Probe v-erbB was shown to be useful in investigation of gene diagnosis of preleukemia or MDS (shown elsewhere).

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Myelopoietic cell proliferation in granulocytopenia of refractory anaemia and preleukemia states with hyper-plastic bone marrow.

Myelopoiesis in healthy subjects and in 8 cases of refractory anaemia or preleukemia states was studied by the combined cytophotometric-autoradirgraphic method. Granulocytopenia was present in 7 of 8 cases. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Mature myelocytes of healthy persons are a mainly differentiating cell population with a low labelling index (3-10%) and a high incidence in G1-Phase. 2. The proliferating immature granulopoietic cells of the patients with neutropenia showed a reduced labelling index with 3H-thymidine as a result of an arrest of these cells in G1 (6 of 8 cases). 3. A similar result was obtained in the study of the hyperplastic myelopoiesis of an other patient with preleukemia and normal granulocyte count in peripheral blood, with the disturbance of cell proliferation preceding the symptom neutropenia. 4. Finally in only one case an increased frequency of myelopoietic cells in G2-phase was found suggesting an arrest of cell proliferation in the premitotic phase.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Preleukemia: does it exist?

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), many of the remaining normal-appearing cells exhibit various abnormalities. An interpretation is that these cells are descendants of leukemic cells which have succeeded in overcoming the major final differentiation block that exists in AML. Direct evidence is quoted that red cell precursors in AML are of leukemic descent and it is claimed that the target cell of AML is the pluripotent stem cell. Next, evidence has been compiled that all three cell lines (red cell, n. granulocytes, platelets) exhibit qualitative defects in "prelukemia." Hence it is postulated that preleukemia per se doses not exist but that preleukemic states which with a rather high frequency sooner or later end in overt AML are actually true leukemias that, however, differentiate reasonably well. Another way of phrasing it is that preleukemic states are AMLs that present in partial and sometimes long-lasting remission, which only after months to years lose their differentiation ability and then are classified as AML.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1976

[Refractory anemia with hypercellular bone marrow and preleukemia (author's transl)].

In refractory anemia with hypercellular bone marrow and in preleukemia the primary cellular defect probably is located at the level of the morphologically not definable stem cell. This defect causes reduced proliferative activity and ineffectivity of the morphologically definable stem cell and consequently is accompanied by peripheral cytopenia. The disarrangement of cellular metabolism first of all manifests itself in morphological anomalies of bone marrow hemopoietic cells. Using 17 own observations and in reference to previous literature the manifold manifestations of this disturbance are described.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Cellular maturation in human preleukemia.

Bone marrow cells from three preleukemic patients with prominent marrow karyotypic abnormalities were studied in liquid culture to determine if the neoplastic clones were capable of maturation. Parallel cytogenetic and cytologic studies were performed in sequentially harvested bone marrow cultures. Maturation, albeit delayed, occurred in cultures from all three patients. By 14 days of culture in vitro, morphologic, cytochemical, and functional evidence of maturation was observed in about 70% of the cells. By day 21, 85% of the cells were mature by these criteria. All but 2 of 249 metaphases from the cultured cells contained the cytogenetic abnormality of the neoplastic clone. We conclude that some preleukemic cells identified by a chromosomal abnormality can mature in vitro. Preleukemia may be viewed as a syndrome of "early leukemia" in which the neoplastic clone is established and manifested functionally as ineffective hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic cell differentiation becomes progressively abnormal with termination in the nearly complete maturational block characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Preleukemia].

The six cases of Preleukemia (or Preleukemic States) are described. The peripheral blood was characterised with Pancythopoenia in 5 and bicytopoenia in 1 patient. Morphological alterations of Erythrocytes were present in all cases. The Bone Marrow was hypercellular in 3 and hypocellular in 3 patients. Erythropoiesis was megaloblastic or partly megaloblastic in 5 cases, with "ring" sideroblasts present in all cases. The percentage of Leukemic blast cells was as follow: 0, 5, 6, 10, 30 and 33. The duration of the preleukemic phase varied from 3-53 months. With the manifestations of overt Acute Nonlymphatic Leukemia the agressive therapy was applied. The results were poor in 5 patients (the survival 1, 5-4 m.). Only one survived more than 60 months and is still in full remission.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Fever--a manifestation of preleukemia.

A patient had a preleukemic syndrome in which the major manifestation was a chronic relapsing fever over an 18-month period. A review of the literature shows that fever may be present in a considerable number of patients with preleukemia.

Agranulocytosis↗