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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Presbycusis: what is it?

The history and current misusage of the term presbycusis is discussed and current knowledge of pathology associated with presbycusis and aging are reviewed. A study involving retrospective analysis of audiometric data and clinical information on three groups was performed. Results suggest that a group of individuals previously identified as "presbycusic" probably represent undiagnosed cases of familial or genetic related hearing loss. We urge as thorough an identification of correct diagnosis as possible, thus reserving the term "presbycusis" for those rare, soley age-related cases of sensorineural loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Remote masking in presbycusis.

Remote Masking (RM) (a rise in threshold for low-frequency tones when the ear is exposed to a high intensity noise band of high frequency) has been attributed to mechanical nonlinear distortion of the cochlear partition, as an effect of the envelope of a nonuniform signal. Clinical studies using RM have revealed RM is normal only when both the endolabyrinthine pressure and the cochlear hydrodynamics are normal. Increasing the stiffness of the cochlear partition affects adversely the mechanism of motion of the cochlear duct and reduces RM values. We studied RM in normal young Ss and in patients with presbycusis in order to determine whether aging of the inner ear also induces stiffness of the cochlear partition. In presbycusic Ss the RM values were indeed reduced symmetrically in both ears and progressively as a result of aging. Thus RM demonstrates the existence of cochlear conductive presbycusis and can be considered a useful test of stiffness of the cochlear partition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2024

Single cell RNA sequencing provides novel cellular transcriptional profiles and underlying pathogenesis of presbycusis.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbycusis is associated with irreversible progressive damage in the inner ear, where the sound is transduced into electrical signal; but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine the potential molecular mechanism involved in the pathogeneses of ARHL with bioinformatics methods. A single-cell transcriptome sequencing study was performed on the cochlear samples from young and aged mice. Detection of identified cell type marker allowed us to screen 18 transcriptional clusters, including myeloid cells, epithelial cells, B cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T cells, inner pillar cells, neurons, inner phalangeal cells, and red blood cells. Cell-cell communications were analyzed between young and aged cochlear tissue samples by using the latest integration algorithms Cellchat. A total of 56 differentially expressed genes were screened between the two groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed these genes were mainly involved in immune, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and metabolic processes. The expression levels of crucial genes in cochlear tissues were further verified by immunohistochemistry. Overall, this study provides new theoretical support for the development of clinical therapeutic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Critical bandwidth in presbycusis.

Twenty patients with presbycusis and a rather flat audiometric pattern had critical band estimation performed by the method of loudness summation, using noise bands centred around 1 kHz. The pooled data indicated a normal critical band both in patients with a hearing loss less than 50 dB HL and in patients with a hearing loss greater than or equal to 50 dB HL. The normal loudness difference between broad band and narrow band noise was reduced at all levels except the highest, giving rise to very flat CB functions. This reduction was more pronounced at the highest test levels in recruiting ears than in non-recruiting ears. A theory is suggested for parts of the anatomical and physiological correlate of the empirical phenomenon, the critical band.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

[Presbycusis (author's transl)].

This study is base on 438 patients (age 45-99), 250 women and 188 men, divided into decades from 45 to 95 years. Mean hearing levels were measured at 63 up to 12000 Hz using the atlas pure-tone audiometer. Statistical analyses helped estimating the influence of various anamnestic datas on sensorineural hearing loss. 65 patients with diabetes had no hearing loss related to their disease. In 115 noise-exposed patients 'correction for noise' was 5 to 7 dB at 2000 and 4000 Hz. There was no difference in men and women at any frequency and any age group. 'Average presbycusis' in the literature today is too positive. Starting age 20, a linear progressive hearing loss for all frequencies ranging from 6 to 18 dB per decade can be detected, being less for the lower than for the higher frequencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Low-frequency hearing loss in presbycusis. A central interpretation.

Elderly subjects with a central phonemically balanced (PB) and synthetic sentence identification (SSI) pattern show greater low-frequency (LF) sensitivity loss than elderly subjects with a peripheral PB-SSI pattern. This LF hearing loss is not the simple consequence of age, nor does the LF hearing loss account for depressed SSI performance. We conclude that LF sensitivity loss and a central PB-SSI pattern are both components of central aging. We discuss the implications for auditory rehabilitation of elderly subjects.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arteriolar sclerosis as a cause of presbycusis.

Temporal bones, brains, and kidneys of 40 patients over 50 years of age were studied histopathologically, paying special attention to angiosclerotic changes. The histopathologic findings were correlated with audiometric and manometric records obtained while the patients were alive. A close relation existed among the lumen narrowing of the internal auditory artery, spiral ganglion atrophy, and hearing loss. The angiosclerotic changes of the Willis' circle, encephalomalacia, and hearing loss were also related.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1979

[Acoustic evoked potentials in presbycusis].

Investigations concerning presbyacusis indicate that the ageing process of the hearing organ is mostly influenced by changes in the sensory-neural pathways. Psychoacoustic measurements give only reduced information on the peripheral and central part of the hearing organ. To verify changes of transport processes in the hearing organ caused by age we examined different evoked potentials. Occurrence probability of positive wave-complexes, input-output functions of amplitude and latency and particular changes in response pattern are analyzed. The results are controled by a signal-analyzer-system using the classical t-test. Thus we could prove data of three age groups and of sex-differences. Our examination partically confirm morphological and histological data of reduced transport processes in most regions of the auditory pathays.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Presbycusis: the aging ear. Part I.

The aging ear is a particularly vexing problem. This review of the literature covers much of the pertinent information and leads to some suggested research which we hope to pursue. It seems to us that research directed toward increased knowledge of the auditory blood supply and a better understanding of the function of the stria vascularis will add much to our understanding of the aging ear.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Speech and hearing problems in the geriatric patient.

Regardless of the physical and mental health of any elderly person, verbal communications tend to deteriorate with advancing years. A significant loss of hearing occurs in 30-50 percent of persons over age 65, and voice changes are virtually inevitable after the age of 60. These alterations in the organs of communication increase markedly in incidence and degree after age 70. Deafness is a symptom and not a disease. Presbycusis is the result of degenerative changes affecting the organ of Corti and its central connections. The effects of aging on the expressive system of human communications may take different forms, including changes in the pitch, intensity, and quality of the voice. Therapy consists of rehabilitation, substitution, and amplification for the preservation and maintenance of communications. For patients with presbycusis, rehabilitation may include speech reading, auditory training, speech improvement, hearing-aid instruction, and guidance in social adjustment. Patients with speech and voice impairment need re-education by a skilled speech pathologist. With the aid of communication specialists, the geriatric patient can attain a high level of satisfaction from the give-and-take of personal communications.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electron microscopic findings in presbycusic degeneration of the basal turn of the human cochlea.

Three human temporal bones with presbycusis affecting the basal turn of the cochlea were studied by light and electron microscopy. Conditions in two ears examined by light microscopy were typical of primary neural degeneration, with a descending audiometric pattern, loss of cochlear neurons in the basal turn, and preservation of the organ of Corti. Ultrastructural analysis revealed normal hair cells and marked degenerative changes of the remaining neural fibers, expecially in the basal turn. These changes included a decrease in the number of synapses at the base of hair cells, accumulation of cellular debris in the spiral bundles, abnormalities of the dendritic fibers and their sheaths in the osseous spiral lamina, and degenerative changes in the spiral ganglion cells and axons. These changes were interpreted as an intermediate stage of degeneration prior to total loss of nerve fibers and ganglion cells as visualized by light microscopy. In the third ear the changes observed were typical of primary degeneration of hair and supporting cells in the basal turn with secondary neural degeneration. Additional observations at an ultrastructural level included maintenance of the tight junctions of the scala media despite loss of both hair and supporting cells, suggesting a capacity for cellular "healing" in the inner ear. Degenerative changes were found in the remaining neural fibers in the osseous spiral lamina. In addition, there was marked thickening of the basilar membrane in the basal turn, which consisted of an increased number of fibrils and an accumulation of amorphous osmiophilic material in the basilar membrane. This finding supports the concept that mechanical alterations may occur in presbycusis of the basal turn.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conference on animal models of aging in the auditory system.

A conference was held to consider conceptual issues, methodological problems and preliminary findings related to auditory research with aging animals. Current concepts from various areas of experimental gerontology were discussed in relation to research on the aging auditory system and to the problem of human presbycusis.

Aging↗