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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Phosphoproteomics identifies the DYRK1B protein kinase as a regulator of processing bodies.

Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) modulates the cell cycle and cell fate during development, and is deregulated in cancer and metabolic syndrome. However, only a few DYRK1B substrates have been defined, so we undertook a phosphoproteomics screen in cells that exhibit inducible DYRK1B expression. Motif analysis revealed enrichment for proline-directed serine or threonine phosphorylation sites (pSer-Pro or pThr-Pro), consistent with the consensus motif of class I DYRKs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of proteins involved in mRNA binding, mRNA processing and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Several processing body (PB) components, including DCP1A, PATL1 (PAT1B), EDC3 and 4E-T (also known as EIF4ENIF1), were identified as DYRK1B-inducible phosphoproteins. DYRK1B also co-immunoprecipitated with DCP1A, PAT1B, EDC3, EDC4, DDX6 and XRN1. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that DYRK1B co-localised with DCP1A, DCP1B and DDX6 in PBs. Expression of DYRK1B increased PB abundance, whereas inhibition, depletion or knockout of DYRK1B reduced phosphorylation of DCP1A and 4E-T and decreased PB number. Re-expression of wild-type but not kinase-dead DYRK1B restored PB numbers in knockout cells. These findings reveal novel DYRK1B targets and establish DYRK1B as a regulator of PB abundance.

Dyrk Kinases↗
PubMed1976

[Basic changes in neurons in the peripheral regions of the human nervous system during pathologic processes (electron microscopic study)].

Compensatory-adaptational and reparative reactions were studied in bodies, processes, receptors and synapses of the human peripheral nervous system and in the innervated substrate (myocardium, kidney, liver) by means of electron microscopy. An extreme increase of the electron density of macromolecular protein formations of specific elementary particles was revealed, in particular, in the outer layers of the hypertrophid mitochondria cryst membranes at 50000.000 magnification. These particles are considered as mitochondria precursors.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2026

Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and the brain, where the GM affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS), and vice versa. Microbiotas are important for several vital body processes, including metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis. The MGBA has three main pathways: the vagal nerve mechanism, the immune-related mechanism, and the neuroendocrine mechanism. GM imbalance, known as dysbiosis, affects the GIT, the brain, and the CNS. Furthermore, dysbiosis is linked to several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Studying MGBA gives researchers new therapeutic ideas using microbiota. Using special diets rich in fiber and probiotics, in addition to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is being studied as a new therapy for MGBA. From the point of view that these therapeutic interventions maintain microbiota imbalance, which in turn will affect the brain and can relieve the neurological disorders caused by dysbiosis and MGBA.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

New therapies and new pathologies: end-stage--dialysis kidneys.

End-stage kidneys in patients who are receiving long-term intermittent treatment with hemodialysis are metabolic structures that participate in many body processes and that themselves develop and change despite severe excretory deficiencies. Nephron loss is severe. Other lesions in such kidneys include the following: smooth muscle nodules that arise in necrotic arteries and arterioles; embryonal hyperplasia of Bowman's capsular epithelium; remodeling of the arteries and veins; tubular atrophy; dilation and cyst formation (acquired cystic disease); arteriolar granular cell hyperplasia and hypertension; deposits of oxalate, calcium, and immune complexes; interstitial fibrosis with collagen and smooth muscle; mucoid change; and cellular infiltration. This list does not include all pathologic conditions found in the end-stage--dialysis kidney. The necessity of and the criteria for an experimental model of human long-term intermittent hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, presently lacking, are indicated.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Relationship of sodium intake and arterial hypertension. Contribution of geographical epidemiology (author's transl)].

1. In 28 populations over the world, are available both mean daily sodium intake and trend of the means of blood pressure in adulthood (in order to compute the slope of linear regression of pressure over age). In both sexes, the sodium intake is very significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic slopes, with systolic and diastolic pressures at age 50, and with systolic pressure at age 20. 2. In limited geographic areas, hypertension appears to be always more prevalent in the communities having the larger sodium intake. 3. Low salt intake communities are always primitive. The positive trend of blood pressure with larger salt intake might be also attributed to acculturation process, body weight increase, and diminution of potassium intake. 4. The data now available lead to advise, as soon as possible in life, a prevention of hypertension based upon reduction of sodium intake and increase of vegetable potassium intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Organ and tissue cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate during the process of the body's adaptation to extreme factors].

Various by nature extreme factors (hypoxic hypoxia, CO intoxication, chemical influence, noise and hypokinesia) caused similar changes in cAMP levels in different organs of albino rats (liver, the great cerebral hemispheres, heart). There was a significant increase in cAMP concentrations during the first stages of the influence and a progressive fall when the influence was continued. This fall was particularly expressed when the extreme factors used were of marked intensity. The authors consider the universality of the ascertained regularity to be a reflection of one of the central adaptive mechanisms of cell and the organism as a whole.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Contractile function of the heart and its reactivity to noradrenaline in the process of the bodies adaptation to moderate altitudes].

In acute experiments on rats adapted for 4 weeks to the altitude of 2100 m it was found that at the early period of altitude adaptation the left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximal rates of pressure rise and fall considerably exceeded the values of control tests conducted in Moscow. Later on the parameters of the cardiac contractile function stabilized gradually. In 4 weeks the heart of adapted animals showed a greater increment of the contractility parameters in response to noradrenaline injection and a higher stability of the contractile function at very high heart rates.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of excitation and inhibition of the receptive fields of the retina and lateral geniculate body.

The process of excitation and inhibition in the receptive fields (RF) of the ganglion cells and lateral geniculate body (LGB) of the cat were examined. The extent of the dependence of the magnitude of excitation and inhibition in RF on stimulus intensity was determined. This dependence is a power function with power indices of 0.15--0.20 (LGB) and 0.3--0.5 (retina) for excitation and 0.2--0.3 (LGB) and 0.5--0.6 (retina) for inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Body image and the process of reconstructive surgery.

Newer craniofacial operative techniques produce rapid changes in objective appearance and permit the study of body-image change. In 21 patients with either Crouzon's disease or Alpert's syndrome, a four-factor model of body-image development was applied that emphasizes cognitive growth, perception of body stimuli, stimuli from the environment in the form of comparison, and the response from others. Before a child is of school age, he has substantially defined his body image, therefore corrective surgery must be considered earlier. Although surgical intervention may produce significant objective physical change, there is not a correspondingly rapid change in body image. Four phases in the modification of body image are (1) the decision to undergo surgery, (2) the operative experience, (3) the immediate postoperative period, and (4) the reintegration stage. Recognition of this phasic process will help integrate care of these patients.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1978

Electron microscopic observations on neuron-like cells in the ground squirrel pineal gland.

Ultrastructural details of neuron-like cells as well as synaptic nerve endings in the pineal gland of the ground squirrel are described. The neuron-like cells are situated mainly in the distal portion of the gland. Since the neuron-like cells differ considerably from the pinealocytes and exhibit cytological features characteristic of nerve cells, they are presumably true neurons. The cell bodies or processes of the neuron-like cells receive many synapses. The nerve endings synapsing on these cells contain numerous small non-granulated and some large granulated vesicles but no small granulated vesicles. These synaptic nerve endings are rather abundant within the parenchyma but they are also found in perivascular spaces ensheathed completely or partially by the Schwann cell cytoplasm. Similar nerve endings occasionally make typical synaptic contacts with the cell bodies or processes of the pinealocytes. Since the adrenergic nerve endings do not form synapses on the pinealocytes in the ground squirrel, it is clear that nerve endings other than adrenergic ones also distribute within the pineal gland of this animal. These synaptic nerve endings may contribute, at least to some extent, to the innervation of the ground squirrel pineal gland, whether they are derived from the nerve fibers penetrating the pineal gland or from the neuron-like cells.

Adrenergic Fibers↗