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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Outbreak of glutaraldehyde-induced proctocolitis.

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of hemorrhagic proctocolitis occurred after the introduction of 2% glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant for colonoscopes. An inadequate rinsing procedure was detected. Recent studies have pointed to glutaraldehyde as an irritant potentially capable of inducing colitis. This study aimed to measure retrospectively the occurrence of proctocolitis after colonoscopy in persons exposed to glutaraldehyde used as a disinfectant for colonoscopes, and to compare this rate with that in patients exposed to the previous cleaning procedure. METHODS: Colonoscopic procedures were randomly selected during the period when glutaraldehyde was used, as well as during the previous period, when a detergent was used. Patients were asked to respond to a questionnaire during a telephone interview, in search of symptoms compatible with proctocolitis after colonoscopy. RESULTS: Of the 400 colonoscopic procedures selected during each of the glutaraldehyde and the detergent periods, respectively 299 and 242 were evaluable. According to different nonexclusive definitions, we observed in the glutaraldehyde period higher frequencies of proctocolitis (at least five stools/day; 14/299 vs 3/242, p = 0.02), severe proctocolitis (> 10 stools/day; 10/299 vs 1/242, p = 0.04), and severe hemorrhagic proctocolitis (6/299 vs 0/242, p = 0.04). Younger age was associated with proctocolitis only during the glutaraldehyde period (p = 0.0008). No pathogen was demonstrated in the only two patients who had stool cultures. The median incubation after colonoscopy was 4 hours (range 0 to 24 hours) and the symptoms lasted 30 hours (range 6 to 216 hours). No patient had fever, and the illness resolved spontaneously in all cases. CONCLUSION: Inadequate rinsing of colonoscopes after immersion in glutaraldehyde may result in proctocolitis, presumably caused by direct action on the mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Calcipotriol inhibits rectal epithelial cell proliferation in ulcerative proctocolitis.

Vitamin D3 reduces human rectal crypt cell production rate (CCPR) and may thereby protect against colorectal cancer. Cell turnover is increased in ulcerative proctocolitis, which might therefore respond to vitamin D3 metabolites. This study investigated the effect of calcipotriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue that avoids hypercalcaemia, on human rectal CCPR in ulcerative proctocolitis. Paired rectal biopsy specimens from seven patients with severe disease were established in organ culture with or without calcipotriol (1 x 10(-6) M). After 15 hours, vincristine (0.6 microgram/ml) was added to induce metaphase arrest, and CCPR was determined by linear regression analysis of accumulated metaphases. Compared with values in 17 controls with incidental anal conditions, median rectal CCPR was 28% higher in ulcerative proctocolitis: 5.90 (5.00-9.50) v 4.80 (2.85-7.07) cells/crypt/hour (p < 0.01). Calcipotriol reduced CCPR by 62% in patients with ulcerative proctocolitis, from 5.90 (5.00-9.50) to 2.21 (0.81-3.22) cells/crypt/hour (median with range) p < 0.01. Thus calcipotriol can dampen the hyperproliferative state in ulcerative proctocolitis and could have a therapeutic role in the control of this inflammatory condition.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Allergic proctocolitis in infants: a prospective clinicopathologic biopsy study.

Allergic proctocolitis is a major cause of rectal bleeding in infants, but its clinical features and laboratory results are often nonspecific. Our previous retrospective study demonstrated that large numbers of eosinophils in colonic mucosal biopsy specimens were highly associated with cases of allergic proctocolitis. Therefore, we prospectively examined 60 colonic mucosal biopsy specimens from the same sites (4, 8, and 12 cm from the anal verge) in 20 infants with clinically confirmed allergic proctocolitis to validate this morphologic feature, to characterize its distribution, and to correlate these data with the clinical information. The patients (age range, 4 to 304 days) were fed breast milk or a variety of formulas and all presented with rectal bleeding. Sigmoidoscopic examination was abnormal in 19 cases, typically characterized by focal areas of mucosal erythema. The major histologic finding was a strikingly focal increase in the number of eosinophils in all mucosal compartments, with a predilection to aggregate in close association with lymphoid nodules. Eosinophilic infiltration varied not only between biopsies at different sites, but also within individual biopsy specimens. Only 12 of 20 patients (60%) had all three of their biopsy specimens categorized as abnormal; in the remainder, only one (four patients) or two (four patients) of the three biopsy specimens were abnormal. The average number of eosinophils per high-power field of lamina propria for all cases was 15.6. No significant correlation was identified between the number of eosinophils in the mucosa and the patient's age, length of illness, endoscopic appearance, or type of inciting formula. In summary, eosinophils appear to be an excellent marker for infantile allergic proctocolitis. Given the focal distribution of the eosinophils, multiple mucosal biopsy specimens should be obtained and several levels of each examined to confirm the diagnosis.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1970

Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes by the intact human colon in diffuse untreated proctocolitis.

The net transport and unidirectional fluxes of water, sodium, and potassium were studied in four subjects with diffuse untreated proctocolitis, by perfusing the colon with isotopically-labelled solution instilled through a tube introduced by mouth. The results were compared to those obtained in 13 healthy subjects. In proctocolitis the colonic absorption of sodium and water was impaired and the secretion of potassium increased. The movement of electrolytes across the colonic mucosa into the lumen was increased and the movement in the opposite direction reduced. The close correlation between water and sodium absorption in healthy subjects was maintained in those with proctocolitis. These alterations in the colonic handling of water and electrolytes diminish the reserve capacity of the colon and may explain the diarrhoea of proctocolitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Proctocolitis in exclusively breast-fed infants.

UNLABELLED: We present nine exclusively breast-fed, full-term infants with mild rectal bleeding due to proctocolitis. The mean age at the onset of symptoms was 5 weeks (range 1-8 weeks). Rectosigmoidoscopic examination was performed in all the children within 2 days after admission, showing inflammatory changes such as oedematous mucosa with petechial haemorrhages. Rectal mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained in eight cases and revealed intra-epithelial eosinophilic granulocytes in seven and a diffuse increase of eosinophils in the lamina propria in six. Allergy to cow's milk protein transferred to the infants via the breast milk was believed to be the cause of the inflammation. The intake of cow's milk protein was then restricted in seven mothers. Following this regimen, symptoms were relieved within 4 weeks in the six infants who were seen at follow up. One child recovered spontaneously without dietary restrictions. Considering the beneficial effect of the diet regimen in addition to the histological findings, allergy to cow's milk protein is possibly the aetiology of the proctocolitis seen in these nine exclusively breast-fed babies, although no challenge tests were performed to confirm this suspicion. CONCLUSION: This report shows that proctocolitis occurs in exclusively breast-fed infants. It is speculated that allergy to cow's milk protein may have played a role in the pathogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Efficacy and safety of Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of bleeding from radiation proctocolitis.

BACKGROUND: Bleeding due to radiation proctocolitis is a frequent and severe complication of radiotherapy in cancers of the pelvis. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment with Nd:YAG laser in this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 9 patients with radiation-induced damage in the rectum and sigma were treated with endoscopic Nd:YAG laser until significant bleeding stopped and endoscopic features of proctocolitis improved. They received a median of 3 laser treatments (range 1-10) over a maximum time period of 11 months. RESULTS: In 4 cases, bleeding ceased and, in 4, it was reduced to occasional spotting. In the remaining patient, laser therapy led to only a transient improvement, but did not modify the requirement of blood transfusion. In the 5 patients also suffering from urgency, incontinence and/or rectal mucoid discharge, the laser therapy course also relieved these symptoms. No significant treatment-related complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic Nd: YAG laser is a useful and safe treatment for patients with bleeding due to radiation proctocolitis.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Distal proctocolitis and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs): the mucosal effect in situ.

It has been postulated that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have altered reactivity of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. In such cases there is intense infiltration of the mucosa with immune competent cells and associated tissue damage. We have shown previously that the dietary supplementation with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) results in significant systemic immune suppression. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the in situ effect of n-3 PUFAs on distal proctocolitis. Each patient received either fish oil extract (EPA 3.2 g, DHA 2.4 g) (n = 9) or sunflower oil (n = 9) daily in a double blind manner for six months. Monthly assessment included: (1) disease activity using clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological scores and (2) immunohistochemical analysis (immunoglobulins, CD profiles) of rectal biopsy specimens (before and after six months supplementation) using monoclonal antibodies and quantitative computer-assisted video image analysis. Prior to receiving supplementation, patients with proctocolitis (n = 18) showed significantly higher numbers of cells expressing CD3 (pan T cells) and HLA-DR and IgM containing cells compared with non-colitic controls (n = 8). Six months supplementation with n-3 PUFAs resulted in significant reduction in the number of cells expressing CD3 and HLA and the percentage of cells containing IgM. There was no significant change in the CD20 nor the percentage of IgG or IgA containing cells in either group of patients with procto-colitis. In patients receiving n-3 PUFA supplementation, there was improvement in the disease activity and histological scores, compared with pretreatment evaluation. This study has demonstrated both evidence of suppression of in situ immune reactivity and concurrent reduction in disease activity in patients with proctocolitis receiving n-3 PUFA supplementation. This may have important implication for therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Health related quality of life in Crohn's proctocolitis does not differ from a general population when in remission.

OBJECTIVE: All treatment in Crohn's disease, although palliative, aims at restoring full health. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life and psychosocial conditions in patients with Crohn's proctocolitis with a general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients with Crohn's proctocolitis (median age 44 years, 44.1% men) were compared with 266 controls (median age 45 years, 50.7% men). A questionnaire consisting of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluating general health as well as questions regarding psychosocial conditions was used. Disease activity was evaluated by Best's modification of the classical Crohn's Disease Activity Index. RESULTS: Patients in remission had a health related quality of life similar to controls according to the SF-36 apart from general health where scores were lower (P < 0.01). Patients with active disease scored lower in all aspects of the SF-36 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.0001) as well as the PGWB (P < 0.0001). In a model for multiple regression including age, gender, concomitant small bowel disease, permanent stoma, previous colonic surgery, disease activity, duration, and aggressiveness, disease activity was the only variable negatively predicting all 8 domains of the SF-36 in the patient group (P < 0.001). The mean annual sick-leave for patients and controls were 33.9 and 9.5 days (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the patients and 78.4% of the controls (P = 0.04) were married or cohabited, 67.7% and 78.0% (P = 0.04), respectively, had children. CONCLUSION: The health related quality of life for patients with Crohn's proctocolitis in remission does not differ from the general population. The disease has, however, a negative impact on parenthood, family life and professional performance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Incidence of colorectal cancer in proctocolitis: a retrospective study of 959 cases over 40 years.

The incidence of colorectal cancer was studied by the actuarial method in 959 patients with idiopathic proctocolitis seen from 1942 to 1981. Forty five per cent had rectal, 23% left-sided, and 32% total involvement of the colon. Six cancers were found: one in the rectal, one in the left-sided, and four in the total form of the disease. The risk of cancer per patient year in total colitis was zero per 2151 patient years in the first decade, 1/462 in the second decade, 1/315 in the third decade, and 1/75 in the fourth decade. The cumulative risk of developing cancer was zero at 10 years of duration of the disease, approximately 5% at 20 years, 15% at 30 years, and 20% at 35 years. This increase in risk of cancer is less than reported in some other series. Geographical differences in the incidence of cancer in proctocolitis could influence the risk and therefore also the long-term management of patients with proctocolitis in different geographical areas.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

Salt-losing diarrhoea in idiopathic proctocolitis.

The faecal output of chloride, sodium and potassium was studied in 14 patients with active idiopathic proctocolitis, in an attempt to establish a relationship between faecal electrolyte output and acid-base balance data. 7 patients with ileostomy and 8 healthy volunteers were used as controls. The daily faecal excretion of chloride and sodium in proctocolitis was significantly in excess of normal, whereas that of potassium was within the normal range. From the comparison with the results in patients with ileostomy it is concluded that colitic colon has an impaired capacity to absorb chloride and sodium but retains the ability to secrete potassium. The intestinal loss of chloride in addition to that of sodium and water may be regarded as a salt-losing diarrhoea and may account for the metabolic alkalosis commonly found in proctocolitis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1987

Epidemiology of proctocolitis in the region of Leiden, The Netherlands. A population study from 1979 to 1983.

An epidemiologic study of proctocolitis in the Leiden Health Care Region was conducted between 1979 and 1983. One hundred and seven cases were diagnosed before 1979 and 150 between 1979 and 1983. Most of the patients had proctocolitis (42%), and only 11% had pancolitis. The incidence was 6.8/10(5)/year and was similar in men and women. There was no specific age group at additional risk of developing the disease. The prevalence was 58.4/10(5). Patients with proctocolitis tended to live in country or city areas; people living in dormitory suburbs were at a reduced risk (chi-square test, p less than 0.001). However, there was a significant difference in incidence between Leiden (10.8/10(5)/year) and Alphen (4.1/10(5)/year) (corrected chi-square = 7.3; p less than 0.001). This was also true for the prevalence in these two cities. The prevalence of the disease in migrants (85.3/10(5)) was not significantly different from that in the indigenous population (58/10(5)).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[The prevalence of idiopathic proctocolitis].

During screening of colorectal cancer by the Haemoccult test (Röhm Pharma Co.) the authors investigated the incidence of idiopathic proctocolitis in the population of the Bruntál district. The group of tested subjects comprises 16.642 of the population aged 45 to 86 years. After examination of 380 positive subjects (2.28%) twelve cases of idiopathic proctocolitis were detected. Of these twelve seven were identified previously and a new diagnosis was made in five subjects. At twelve cases were identified from a population of 16.642, the assumed prevalence in 1989 in the given age group is 72/100.000. This suggests considerable underestimation of the prevalence of idiopathic proctocolitis in current epidemiological surveys.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

The effect of luminal pH on large intestinal absorption in ulcerative proctocolitis.

The sensitivity of large intestinal absorption to pH and the absorption of short-chain fatty acids were measured in ulcerative proctocolitis by a dialysis bag method. Lowering luminal pH from 7 to 5.5 significantly reduced absorption of salt and water in proctocolitis, but not in normal controls. Short-chain fatty acid absorption was not affected by inflammation or change in pH when patients with ulcerative proctocolitis were compared with controls.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Proctocolitis in breast fed infants: a contribution to differential diagnosis of haematochezia in early childhood.

Dietary protein induced proctocolitis in exclusively breast fed infants is rarely taken into consideration as a cause of rectal bleeding or blood streaked stool in the neonatal period and early infancy. Eleven babies are presented in whom it is believed that bleeding through the rectum was due to proctocolitis as a result of allergy triggered by cows' milk protein transferred to the infants via the breast milk. Colonoscopy was performed in five infants, revealing benign eosinophilic proctocolitis. Standard treatment was the exclusion of the allergen from the mother's diet. Resolution of visible rectal bleeding took place within 72 to 96 hours after elimination of the offending protein from the mother's diet.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1976

Crohn's disease, non-specific ulcers of the small intestine, and idiopathic proctocolitis in a Japanese university hospital from 1954 to 1974.

Most of the cases of Crohn's disease reported in Japan were originally treated surgically as acute appendicitis and, after appendectomy, they were diagnosed as acute terminal ileitis or acute Crohn's disease, which should belong to a category different from typical Crohn's disease, according to the international nomenclature by the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences in 1973. Reviewing our university hospital records from 1954 to 1974, the incidence of typical Crohn's disease and idiopathic proctocolitis has been increasing, while the patients with intestinal tuberculosis have been decreasing. Clinical and histopathological features of operated three groups of our patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine, non-specific ulcers of the small intestine and prestomal ileitis were comparatively studied. Furthermore, 9 cases of operated Crohn's disease of the colon and 23 cases of operated idiopathic proctocolitis were similarly evaluated. The importance of diagnosing Crohn's disease as a whole from both clinical and histopathological stand points of view was emphasized, and main differential diagnostic criteria between Crohn's disease and idiopathic proctocolitis were discussed.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗

PubMed1978

A comparison of oral prednisolone given as single or multiple daily doses for active proctocolitis.

Forty mg has been shown to be the optimal daily dosage of prednisone for outpatients requiring oral steroids for active proctocolitis. Although daily doses of oral steroids are commonly divided, a single dose each morning causes less adrenal suppression and is more convenient to take. A randomized controlled trial has been performed on patients with proctocolitis, in which 23 received 40 mg prednisolone each morning as one dose, and 22 received 10 mg four times a day, over two weeks. Physicians unaware of the dosage schedule scored the disease activity and assessed the steroid side-effects when the patient entered the trial, at day 7 and at day 14. Of those taking the divided dose the disease improved in 17 and failed to improve in five. No side-effects were observed in ten patients. Of those receiving a once daily regimen, 17 improved and six did not. Nine patients had no side-effects. Further assessment showed no difference between the two groups either in response rate or side-effects produced. When oral steroids are indicated for active proctocolitis, 40 mg prednisolone, as a single dose each morning can be recommended.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1987

Proctocolitis unresponsive to conventional therapy. Response to 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas.

We report results of a prospective study of daily 5-ASA enema therapy in patients with proctocolitis that was unresponsive to conventional therapy. Forty-seven patients with active colonic inflammation distal to the splenic flexure have been followed for three months to three years. Rapid improvement was noted within three months in 41 of 47 (87%) patients, while six failed therapy. Of the 41 patients responding to therapy, 39 achieved complete remission. Nineteen patients have relapsed at least once following discontinuation of 5-ASA, but 23 of 25 (92%) relapse episodes responded to a course of 5-ASA therapy. Complications of 5-ASA therapy were limited to hemorrhoidal irritation and local perianal injury. We conclude that 5-ASA enema is effective in inducing remission in patients with proctocolitis unresponsive to conventional therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Allergy-related proctocolitis in infants: diagnostic usefulness of rectal biopsy.

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of rectal mucosal biopsies in infants with proctocolitis, we compared the clinical and histologic features of an allergy-related group (N = 36) with those of normal (N = 12) and inflammatory (N = 8) controls. Clinical features were nondiscriminatory among the three groups of patients, except for an increased absolute peripheral eosinophil count in the allergic group. Similarly, morphologic evidence of proctitis (cryptitis and crypt abscesses) and small or moderate numbers of eosinophils (less than or equal to 60 per ten high power fields) in the lamina propria of the biopsies did not discriminate among the three groups. However, large numbers of eosinophils (greater than 60 per ten high power fields) and eosinophils located in the muscularis mucosae or as the predominant cell in crypt abscesses were significantly associated with allergy-related disease. No histologic features of chronic colitis were noted in the allergy-related group. Thus, in tandem with the remainder of the clinical data, rectal mucosal biopsy is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of allergic proctocolitis.

Biopsy↗