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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Salt-losing diarrhoea in idiopathic proctocolitis.

The faecal output of chloride, sodium and potassium was studied in 14 patients with active idiopathic proctocolitis, in an attempt to establish a relationship between faecal electrolyte output and acid-base balance data. 7 patients with ileostomy and 8 healthy volunteers were used as controls. The daily faecal excretion of chloride and sodium in proctocolitis was significantly in excess of normal, whereas that of potassium was within the normal range. From the comparison with the results in patients with ileostomy it is concluded that colitic colon has an impaired capacity to absorb chloride and sodium but retains the ability to secrete potassium. The intestinal loss of chloride in addition to that of sodium and water may be regarded as a salt-losing diarrhoea and may account for the metabolic alkalosis commonly found in proctocolitis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1991

[The prevalence of idiopathic proctocolitis].

During screening of colorectal cancer by the Haemoccult test (Röhm Pharma Co.) the authors investigated the incidence of idiopathic proctocolitis in the population of the Bruntál district. The group of tested subjects comprises 16.642 of the population aged 45 to 86 years. After examination of 380 positive subjects (2.28%) twelve cases of idiopathic proctocolitis were detected. Of these twelve seven were identified previously and a new diagnosis was made in five subjects. At twelve cases were identified from a population of 16.642, the assumed prevalence in 1989 in the given age group is 72/100.000. This suggests considerable underestimation of the prevalence of idiopathic proctocolitis in current epidemiological surveys.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Crohn's disease, non-specific ulcers of the small intestine, and idiopathic proctocolitis in a Japanese university hospital from 1954 to 1974.

Most of the cases of Crohn's disease reported in Japan were originally treated surgically as acute appendicitis and, after appendectomy, they were diagnosed as acute terminal ileitis or acute Crohn's disease, which should belong to a category different from typical Crohn's disease, according to the international nomenclature by the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences in 1973. Reviewing our university hospital records from 1954 to 1974, the incidence of typical Crohn's disease and idiopathic proctocolitis has been increasing, while the patients with intestinal tuberculosis have been decreasing. Clinical and histopathological features of operated three groups of our patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine, non-specific ulcers of the small intestine and prestomal ileitis were comparatively studied. Furthermore, 9 cases of operated Crohn's disease of the colon and 23 cases of operated idiopathic proctocolitis were similarly evaluated. The importance of diagnosing Crohn's disease as a whole from both clinical and histopathological stand points of view was emphasized, and main differential diagnostic criteria between Crohn's disease and idiopathic proctocolitis were discussed.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of oral prednisolone given as single or multiple daily doses for active proctocolitis.

Forty mg has been shown to be the optimal daily dosage of prednisone for outpatients requiring oral steroids for active proctocolitis. Although daily doses of oral steroids are commonly divided, a single dose each morning causes less adrenal suppression and is more convenient to take. A randomized controlled trial has been performed on patients with proctocolitis, in which 23 received 40 mg prednisolone each morning as one dose, and 22 received 10 mg four times a day, over two weeks. Physicians unaware of the dosage schedule scored the disease activity and assessed the steroid side-effects when the patient entered the trial, at day 7 and at day 14. Of those taking the divided dose the disease improved in 17 and failed to improve in five. No side-effects were observed in ten patients. Of those receiving a once daily regimen, 17 improved and six did not. Nine patients had no side-effects. Further assessment showed no difference between the two groups either in response rate or side-effects produced. When oral steroids are indicated for active proctocolitis, 40 mg prednisolone, as a single dose each morning can be recommended.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Eosinophils in the rectal mucosa. A simple method of predicting the outcome of ulcerative proctocolitis?

One-hundred-and-thirteen rectal biopsies and 17 total colectomy specimens from 50 patients with ulcerative proctocolitis were examined. These patients had been followed for periods up to 220 months, mean 70 months. The histological changes were compared with the clinical features of the disease. Patients with relatively benign disease which responded to treatment had significantly raised eosinophil counts in the mucosa examined, compared with patients who had aggressive disease which failed to respond to medical treatment (P less than 0.001). Tissue eosinophilia in the rectal mucosa may provide a simple method for predicting the clinical course of patients with ulcerative proctocolitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A controlled comparison of corticotropin and hydrocortisone in the treatment of severe proctocolitis.

A randomized controlled trial has been made of corticotropin (ACTH) 80 units given intramuscularly daily and hydrocortisone 400 mg infused intravenously over 24 hours, in the treatment of in-patients with severe proctocolitis. Seven patients were treated with ACTH and nine with hydrocortisone over an initial seven days. Three patients in the ACTH group and six in the hydrocortisone group improved and were discharged on medical treatment. Four patients treated with ACTH and two with hydrocortisone required urgent colectomy during this admission. Plasma cortisol levels were measured, but there was no correlation between these and the observed therapeutic response. Sideeffects were troublesome in both groups but were more marked in those treated with hydrocortisone. It is concluded that ACTH is not intrinsically superior to hydrocortisone in these doses, in the treatment of severe proctocolitis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Blood pH: a test for assessment of severity in proctocolitis.

Acid base balance was studied in 58 patients with active idiopathic proctocolitis; the condition of 10 of them was complicated by toxic megacolon. Arterial blood pH increased progressively with increased severity of the colitis and as the lesions became more widespread. Statistically significant differences were observed in pH values between the mild/moderate and severe forms and between the severe and complicated forms ('toxic megacolon'). A linear correlation was found between pH and the amount of intestinal gas, pulse rate, and plasma albumin.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1975

Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients suffering from ulcerative proctocolitis.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been measured by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained from all patients suffering from ulcerative proctocolitis and seen within a four-month period. The characteristics of this group of patients have been compared with reported epidemiological studies in this disease, and have been found to have a similar sex ratio and age of onset, but a more limited disease. Among 59 patients, 11 were found to have elevated circulating CEA values. One of the 11 had a colonic carcinoma and another was pregnant. Excluding these two patients, an overall prevalence of elevated CEA levels of 17.5% was found. The prevelance in ulcerative proctitis was 7.1%, and in colitis was 19.9%. The patients in whom elelvated plasma CEA values were found were compared with the remaining patients in relation to factors known to be associated with an increased propensity for the development of colorectal carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis. There was no difference in mean age of the patients at disease onset, nor was there any difference in disease duration, extent, and control. A significant correlation was found between elevated plasma CEA levels and the severity of the initial attack. One patient with premalignant changes in the rectal mucosa had consistently normal concentrations of plasma CEA. There was no significant correlation between elevated plasma CEA values and disease activity. The mean age of the two groups of patients was similar. No carcinoma has manifested in any patient during follow-up periods of at least 18 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Double-blind comparison of the effectiveness of azathioprine and sulfasalazine in idiopathic proctocolitis. Preliminary report.

A double-blind therapeutic trial of azathioprine in 20 patients with acute proctocolitis was performed over a 3-month period. Azathioprine was compared with sulfasalazine in patients paired and treated in a sequential order. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, biopsy, and radiologic data were assessed by semiquantitative criteria. No significant difference in the effect of the drugs was observed. Both azathioprine and sulfasalazine produce significant improvement in clinical symptoms, some laboratory findings (ESR, serum iron), and endoscopic and biopsy findings (P smaller than 0.05). Radiologic improvement was less evident (P smaller than 0.10). On the overall final evaluation of the trial, 14 patients were improved, and 6 remained stationary or worsened (P smaller than 0.10). This short-term trial confirms previous uncontrolled experiences of one of the authors on larger series of patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

15-HETE is the main eicosanoid present in mucus of ulcerative proctocolitis.

Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and mono-hydroxy acid products of arachidonic acid were measured in mucus of freshly recovered morning stools of a patient with an exacerbation of ulcerative proctocolitis. Eicosanoids in ether extracts were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and amounts determined by radioimmunoassay. Four hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids were detected, of which the most important one was identified as 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (530 ng/g mucus). Leukotriene B4 was also present (21 ng/g mucus) and small amounts of immunoreactive leukotriene C4 (less than 0.8 ng/g mucus). The prostaglandins 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 and thromboxane B2 were found in amounts of 3.7, 2.0 and 9.2 ng/g mucus, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Proctocolitis and Crohn's disease of the colon: a comparison of the clinical course.

This study suggests that proctocolitis is an illness with an acute and potentially dangerous onset but which appears to become less severe after survival for one year, whereas Crohn's colitis tends to be a more chronic and progressive illness over several years with a greater need for surgical treatment and a greater tendency to anal complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ulcerative proctocolitis in Orebro, Sweden. A retrospective epidemiologic study, 1963-1987.

In a retrospective epidemiologic study of the period 1963 to 1987 the annual incidence of definite ulcerative proctocolitis increased from 3.3 to 14.9/10(5), and during the last 10 years the mean incidence was 13.1/10(5) population. The incidence of extensive and total colitis was fairly stable, whereas an increase of ulcerative proctitis and distal colitis was seen. The increase in incidence is probably an artefact caused by better retrieval of cases in the latter part of the study. The prevalence on 31 December 1987 was 234/10(5) inhabitants. The male to female ratio was 1.59:1, compared with 0.96:1 in the general population. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years and increased almost 7 years by the end of the study, probably caused by an increased proportion of ex-smokers, who at diagnosis were, on average, 9 years older than lifetime non-smokers. The highest age- and sex-specific incidence was found in middle-aged men, who were ex-smokers to a significantly higher extent than women. No specific birth cohort was at an increased risk, and no second incidence peak in older age groups was seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proctocolitis caused by Schistosoma mansoni in AIDS. A clinical and immunohistochemical study of a case].

An imported case of intestinal schistosomiasis in AIDS is analysed by the relationships between immune response, diagnostic methods, pathogenetic mechanisms. The inconclusiveness of negative results from both serology and stool parasitology is remarked whereas the efficacy of associated histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods is emphasized in order to get better data on aetiological diagnosis and on cell types and size of reactive granulomas. In the case studied, negative serology, absent fecal egg excretion and uneffective granulomatous response with scarcity of T and B lymphocytes have been documented by means of the above methods.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗